scholarly journals Preserving and vouchering butterflies and moths for large-scale museum-based molecular research

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soowon Cho ◽  
Samantha W. Epstein ◽  
Kim Mitter ◽  
Chris A. Hamilton ◽  
David Plotkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The University ◽  
Specimen Identification

Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) comprise significant portions of the world’s natural history collections, but a standardized tissue preservation protocol for molecular research is largely lacking. Lepidoptera have traditionally been spread on mounting boards to display wing patterns and colors, which are often important for species identification. Many molecular phylogenetic studies have used legs from pinned specimens as the primary source for DNA in order to preserve a morphological voucher, but the amount of available tissue is often limited. Preserving an entire specimen in a cryogenic freezer is ideal for DNA preservation, but without an easily accessible voucher it can make specimen identification, verification, and morphological work difficult. Here we present a procedure that creates accessible and easily visualized “wing vouchers” of individual Lepidoptera specimens, and preserves the remainder of the insect in a cryogenic freezer for molecular research. Wings are preserved in protective holders so that both dorsal and ventral patterns and colors can be easily viewed without further damage. Our wing vouchering system has been implemented at the University of Maryland (AToL Lep Collection) and the University of Florida (Florida Museum of Natural History, McGuire Center of Lepidoptera and Biodiversity), which are among two of the largest Lepidoptera molecular collections in the world.

scholarly journals The Art-Science Project: Researching the Cross Section between the Visual Arts and Biological Sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Jeffrey Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Studio Art ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
The University

The created portfolio explores the area of academic art and how it can be translated into the fields of fine art and biological science. The sculptural specimens were created to further understand how art is used in scientific exploration today compared to that of antiquity.During the period of enlightenment, science and art were codependent. Studio art was employed as a form of research and communication. In light of this, the thirty-five spider models were created in the Entomology and Nematology Lab at the University of Florida. The works of art encompass a diverse range of species, scales, and functions.  The works were designed to serve three purposes: life size models were printed and painted to serve as decoys for reproductive research; medium scale models were distributed to international geocaches to gage public opinion on arachnids; and large scale models were utilized as educational tools. The range of models serves different functions but they all answer to principles of art. Thus defining the interdisciplinary nature of art as it relates to scientific study. 

scholarly journals What does mitogenomics tell us about the evolutionary history of the Drosophila buzzatii cluster (repleta group)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás N. Moreyra ◽  
Julián Mensch ◽  
Juan Hurtado ◽  
Francisca Almeida ◽  
Cecilia Laprida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Drosophila Buzzatii ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tree Topologies ◽  
American Clade

AbstractThe Drosophila repleta group is an array of more than 100 cactophilic species endemic to the “New World”. The acquisition of the ability to utilize decaying cactus tissues as breeding and feeding sites is a key aspect that allowed the successful diversification of the repleta group in the American deserts. Within this group, the Drosophila buzzatii cluster is a South American clade of seven cactophilic closely related species in different stages of divergence, a feature that makes it a valuable model system for evolutionary research. However, even though substantial effort has been devoted to elucidating the phylogenetic relationships among members of the D. buzzatii cluster, the issue is still controversial. In effect, molecular phylogenetic studies performed to date generated ambiguous results since tree topologies depend on the kind of molecular marker employed. Curiously, even though mitochondrial DNA has become a popular marker in evolutionary biology and population genetics, none of the more than twenty Drosophila mitogenomes assembled so far belongs to this cluster. In this work we report the assembly of six complete mitogenomes of five species: D. antonietae, D. borborema, D. buzzatii, D. seriema and two strains of D. koepferae, with the aim to revisit the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times by means of a mitogenomic approach. The recovered topology using complete mitogenomes gives support to the hypothesis of the monophyly of that the D. buzzatii cluster and shows two main clades, one including D. buzzatii and D. koepferae (both strains) and the other the remaining species. These results are in agreement with previous reports based on a few mitochondrial and/or nuclear genes but in conflict with the results of a recent large-scale nuclear phylogeny, suggesting that nuclear and mitochondrial genomes depict different evolutionary histories.

scholarly journals Colonization and diversification of Galápagos terrestrial fauna: a phylogenetic and biogeographical synthesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1508) ◽  
pp. 3347-3361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E Parent ◽  
Adalgisa Caccone ◽  
Kenneth Petren
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Geological Formation

Remote oceanic islands have long been recognized as natural models for the study of evolutionary processes involved in diversification. Their remoteness provides opportunities for isolation and divergence of populations, which make islands remarkable settings for the study of diversification. Groups of islands may share a relatively similar geological history and comparable climate, but their inhabitants experience subtly different environments and have distinct evolutionary histories, offering the potential for comparative studies. A range of organisms have colonized the Galápagos Islands, and various lineages have radiated throughout the archipelago to form unique assemblages. This review pays particular attention to molecular phylogenetic studies of Galápagos terrestrial fauna. We find that most of the Galápagos terrestrial fauna have diversified in parallel to the geological formation of the islands. Lineages have occasionally diversified within islands, and the clearest cases occur in taxa with very low vagility and on large islands with diverse habitats. Ecology and habitat specialization appear to be critical in speciation both within and between islands. Although the number of phylogenetic studies is continuously increasing, studies of natural history, ecology, evolution and behaviour are essential to completely reveal how diversification proceeded on these islands.

scholarly journals The development of a digitising service centre for natural history collections

ZooKeys ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Tegelberg ◽  
Jaana Haapala ◽  
Tero Mononen ◽  
Mika Pajari ◽  
Hannu Saarenmaa
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Service Centre ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
Darwin Core ◽  
The University

Digitarium is a joint initiative of the Finnish Museum of Natural History and the University of Eastern Finland. It was established in 2010 as a dedicated shop for the large-scale digitisation of natural history collections. Digitarium offers service packages based on the digitisation process, including tagging, imaging, data entry, georeferencing, filtering, and validation. During the process, all specimens are imaged, and distance workers take care of the data entry from the images. The customer receives the data in Darwin Core Archive format, as well as images of the specimens and their labels. Digitarium also offers the option of publishing images through Morphbank, sharing data through GBIF, and archiving data for long-term storage. Service packages can also be designed on demand to respond to the specific needs of the customer. The paper also discusses logistics, costs, and intellectual property rights (IPR) issues related to the work that Digitarium undertakes.

Peritoneal mesothelioma: natural history and response to chemotherapy.

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
K H Antman ◽  
E A Pomfret ◽  
J Aisner ◽  
J MacIntyre ◽  
R T Osteen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelioma ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

Twenty-three patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma seen at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and the University of Maryland Cancer Center from 1968 to 1982 were studied to assess the natural history of the disease and the efficacy of current treatment. Asbestos exposure was reported by 57%. Of 18 patients receiving a doxorubicin-containing regimen, 14 had measurable or evaluable disease. One complete response, four partial responses and one regression (in a patient with evaluable but not measurable disease) were observed, ranging in duration from 6 to 36 months. A single patient remains disease free for more than 36 months after subsequent radiotherapy. Significant clotting abnormalities (including disseminated intravascular coagulation, massive thrombosis, fatal pulmonary emboli, Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia, and phlebitis) occurred in 22% of the patients. Trends toward decreased survival were observed for smokers, patients presenting with ascites, and those with stage II-IV disease.

scholarly journals Zur Geschichte der Geowissenschaften im Museum für Naturkunde zu Berlin Teil 4: Das Mineralogische Museum der Universität Berlin unter Christian Samuel Weiss von 1810 bis 1856

Fossil Record ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
G. Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
History Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

Die Universitätsgründung in Berlin von 1810 war verbunden mit der Übernahme des Lehrbetriebes der aufgelösten Bergakademie, die nur noch in Form des Bergeleveninstituts bzw. Bergelevenklasse für die Finanzierung der Ausbildung der Bergeleven weiter bestand, sowie mit der Übernahme des von der Bergakademie genutzten Königlichen Mineralienkabinetts der preußischen Bergverwaltung als Mineralogisches Museum der Universität. Infolge des Todes von D. L. G. Karsten im Jahre 1810 erhielt der Leipziger Physiker und Mineraloge C. S. Weiss den Lehrstuhl für Mineralogie, den er bis zu seinem Tode 1856 innehatte. Weiss entwickelte die Lehre Werners, die die Mineralogie einschließlich Geologie umfasste, in kristallographischer Hinsicht weiter, während sich später neben ihm zwei seiner Schüler anderen Teilgebieten der Mineralogie annahmen, G. Rose der speziellen Mineralogie und E. Beyrich der geologischen Paläontologie. Der Ausbau der Sammlungen durch eigene Aufsammlungen, Schenkungen und Käufe konnte in starkem Maße fortgesetzt werden, auch zunehmend in paläontologischer Hinsicht, sodass das Mineralogische Museum für das ganze Spektrum der Lehre gut bestückt war. Der streitbare Charakter von Weiss verursachte zahlreiche Reibungspunkte. <br><br> History of the Geoscience Institutes of the Natural History Museum in Berlin. Part 4 <br><br> The establishment of the University in Berlin in 1810 resulted in the adoption of the teaching of the dissolved Bergakademie and of the royal Mineralienkabinett of the Prussian mining department, which was used by the Bergakademie before it became the Mineralogical Museum of the University. The Bergakademie continued to exist only as Bergeleveninstitut or Bergelevenklasse for financing the education of the mining students. The physicist and mineralogist C. S. Weiss was offered the chair of mineralogy after the death of D. L. G. Karsten 1810; he had the position to his death in 1856. Weiss developped the crystallographic part of the science of Werner which included mineralogy and geology. Two of his pupils progressed two other parts of mineralogy, G. Rose the speciel mineralogy and E. Beyrich the geological paleontology. The enlargement of the collections continued on large scale by own collecting, donations and purchases, also more paleontological objects, so that the Mineralogical Museum presented a good collection of the whole spectrum of the field. The pugnacious nature of Weiss resulted in many points of friction. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20010040102" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20010040102</a>

scholarly journals Making It Work: Developing a Student-Centered Assessment Model for a Large-Scale Information Literacy Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Gammons ◽  
Lindsay Inge Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Freshman Composition ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
Composition Instruction ◽  
General Education Courses ◽  
The University

Information literacy instruction presents a difficult balance between quantity and quality, particularly for large-scale general education courses. This paper discusses the overhaul of the freshman composition instruction program at the University of Maryland Libraries, focusing on the transition from survey assessments to a student-centered and mixedmethods approach using qualitative reflections, rubrics, and the evaluation of student artifacts.

{BLR 2728} Abgenix - Agrichemicals - AIDS - Allergene - American Biogenetic Sciences - Antimicrobials - ArQule - Asahi Chemical - Aurora Biosciences - Aviron - Beckman Coulter - Biosearch Italia - Biovector Therapeutics - Bladder Cancer - Cell Genesys - Cerep - CombiChem - CompuCyte - Connetics - CSL Limited - CTLA-4 - Dendritic Cells - DNA Microarrays - DNA Vaccines - Elan Corp. - ErythroMed - Galileo Laboratories - Gene Expression Profiling - Gene Therapy - GeneMedicine - Genentech - Genetic Analysis - Genetic MicroSystems - Genome Therapeutics - Genometrix - GenVec - Gonorrhea - ImClone Systems - Immunomedics - Incyte Pharmaceuticals - Interferon-Gamma - Influenza Vaccines - IntraBiotics - Invitrogen - Matritech - Mayo Foundation - Medarex - Metra - Monoclonal Antibodies - Monsanto - Myocardial Infarction - Myriad Genetics - Nabi - Neurogen - Neuropeptide Y - New Horizons Diagnostics - NeXstar - NIH - Novartis - Obesity - Organon Teknika - Perkin- Elmer - Pfizer - Pharmacogenetics - Phytera - Ramoplanin - Recombinant Proteins - Ring-Expanded Nucleotides - Rockefeller University - Schering-Plough - Sheffield Pharmaceuticals - Soane Biosciences - T-Cell Receptors - Takara Shuzo - The University of Texas - Thromboembolic Disease - TMT Gene - University of Arizona - University of California - University of Florida - University of Maryland - Variagenics - Wyeth-Lederle Vaccine Division - Xenomatrix - XenoMouse - Xoma

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-555
Keyword(s):  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Thromboembolic Disease ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
Myriad Genetics ◽  
The University

Migration, speciation, and the evolution of diadromy in anguillid eels

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1989-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Tsukamoto ◽  
J Aoyama ◽  
M J Miller
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Mariana Islands ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Loop Migration ◽  
Spawning Sites ◽  
Tropical Eel

Recent findings and hypotheses about the migration, spawning ecology, phylogenetic relationships, and possible mechanisms of speciation of anguillid eels are overviewed. The offshore distribution and otolith microstructure of small leptocephali suggest that the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica may spawn at seamounts west of the Mariana Islands in the western North Pacific during the new moon of each month from April to November. Some temperate eels have been found to remain in coastal areas after recruitment without a freshwater growth phase (ocean residents or "sea eels"), showing flexible patterns of migratory histories. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the tropical eel Anguilla borneensis from the Borneo Island region is the most ancestral species. Every eel species or population has its own migration loop (migration route or life cycle) that connects their spawning area and growth habitats. Spatial and temporal shifts in these migration loops could cause separation into subpopulations, or speciation. Therefore, the large-scale migration of temperate eels probably evolved from local migrations of tropical eels as a result of long-distance dispersal of leptocephali from spawning sites in tropical waters of low latitude to temperate growth habitats at higher latitudes.

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