scholarly journals Overland movement in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis): empirical dispersal data from within their native range

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4039 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. André De Villiers ◽  
John Measey
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Temporary Water ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Males And Females

Dispersal forms are an important component of the ecology of many animals, and reach particular importance for predicting ranges of invasive species. African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) move overland between water bodies, but all empirical studies are from invasive populations with none from their native southern Africa. Here we report on incidents of overland movement found through a capture-recapture study carried out over a three year period in Overstrand, South Africa. The maximum distance moved was 2.4 km with most of the 91 animals, representing 5% of the population, moving ∼150 m. We found no differences in distances moved by males and females, despite the former being smaller. Fewer males moved overland, but this was no different from the sex bias found in the population. In laboratory performance trials, we found that males outperformed females, in both distance moved and time to exhaustion, when corrected for size. Overland movement occurred throughout the year, but reached peaks in spring and early summer when temporary water bodies were drying. Despite permanent impoundments being located within the study area, we found no evidence for migrations of animals between temporary and permanent water bodies. Our study provides the first dispersal kernel for X. laevis and suggests that it is similar to many non-pipid anurans with respect to dispersal.

scholarly journals Overland movement in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis): a systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2474 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Measey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Temporary Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Water

African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) are often referred to as ‘purely aquatic’ but there are many publications which suggest extensive overland movements. Previous reviews which considered the topic have not answered the following questions: (1) is there evidence for overland dispersal in native and invasive ranges; (2) what is the range of distances moved overland; (3) when does overland movement occur; and (4) is there evidence of breeding migratory behaviour? A systematic review was chosen to synthesise and critically analyse all literature on the overland movement inXenopus laevis. Database searches resulted in 57 documents which revealed a paucity of empirical studies, with 28 containing no data, and 19 having anecdotal content. Overwhelming evidence shows that both native and invasive populations ofX. laevismove overland, with well documented examples for several other members of the genus (X. borealis, X. gilli, X. muelleri, X. fraseriandX. tropicalis). Reports of distances moved overland were from 40 m to 2 km, with no apparent difference between native and invasive ranges. Overland movements are not confined to wet seasons or conditions, but the literature suggests that moving overland does not occur in the middle of the day. Migrations to temporary water-bodies for breeding have been suggested, but without any corroborating data.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in the Maximal Lactate Steady State

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hafen ◽  
Pat Vehrs
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) is one of the factors that differentiates performance in aerobic events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sex differences in oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at the MLSS in well-trained distance runners. Twenty-two (12 female, 10 male) well-trained distance runners (23 ± 5.0 years) performed multiple 30-min steady-state runs to determine their MLSS, during which blood lactate and respiratory gas exchange measures were taken. To interpret the MLSS intensity as a training tool, runners completed a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) run at their MLSS. The relative intensity at which the MLSS occurred was identical between males and females according to both oxygen consumption (83 ± 5 %O2max) and heart rate (89 ± 7 %HRmax). However, female runners displayed a significantly lower RER at MLSS compared to male runners (p < 0.0001; 0.84 ± 0.02 vs. 0.88 ± 0.04, respectively). There was not a significant difference in TTE at MLSS between males (79 ± 17 min) and females (80 ± 25 min). Due to the observed difference in the RER at the MLSS, it is suggested that RER derived estimates of MLSS be sex-specific. While the RER data suggest that the MLSS represents different metabolic intensities for males and females, the relative training load of MLSS appears to be similar in males and female runners.

scholarly journals WATER MITES (ACARIFORMES: HYDRACHNIDIA, HALACAROIDEA) OF BOGS OF WESTERN SIBERIA (RUSSIA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly A. Stolbov ◽  
Victoria V. Popova ◽  
Sergei D. Sheikin ◽  
Sergei S. Tupitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Temporary Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Water

Water mites (Acariformes, Hydrachnidia, Halacaroidea) were studied in 8 different bogs and fens of Western Siberia. 28 species of Hydrachnidia and 5 species of Halacaridae were found in them. The species composition in the bogs was very different. In the fens the abundance and species diversity were higher than in sphagnum bogs and the fauna were based on spring species. The representatives of the halacarid mites dominated in sphagnum bogs, which were not found in the fens. The specific similarity of the studied bogs was low. At the same time, the peculiarities of seasonal dynamics in bogs and fens were similar and resembled temporary water bodies: high numbers in the spring and an abruptly decline in the summer, with a slight increase in autumn.

scholarly journals Phyllodiaptomus (Phyllodiaptomus) roietensis, a new diaptomid copepod (Copepoda, Calanoida) from temporary waters in Thailand and Cambodia, with a key to the species

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
La-Orsri Sanoamuang ◽  
Santi Watiroyram
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Waters ◽  
Caudal Ramus ◽  
Temporary Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Water ◽  
The Right ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Phyllodiaptomus (Phyllodiaptomus) roietensissp. nov. was collected from temporary water bodies in Roi Et and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces in northeastern Thailand and Kampong Thom Province in central Cambodia. The new species is closely related to Phyllodiaptomus (P.) surinensis Sanoamuang &amp; Yindee, 2001 in that it shares common morphological characters in the males: urosomites 2–3, P5 intercoxal sclerite, right P5 Exp-2, and left P5 Exp. Minor differences on the right antennule, right caudal ramus, P5 basis and Enp exist. The females differ in their Pdg 5, genital double-somite, and P5. An updated key to the species of the genus Phyllodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 is provided.

scholarly journals Physalaemus cicada Bokermann, 1966 (Anura: Leiuperidae): distribution extension

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronildo Alves Benício ◽  
Guilherme Ramos Da Silva ◽  
Mariluce Gonçalves Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Water

The genus Physalaemus is widely distributed over South America, east of Andes. Physalaemus cicada belongs to the Physalaemus cuvieri group, is widely distributed over the Caatinga and is usually found in lentic and/or temporary water bodies. Herein, we extend its geographical distribution providing the first record of Physalaemus cicada for Piauí state, in the municipality of Picos.

scholarly journals Potential negative impacts and low effectiveness in the use of African annual killifish in the biocontrol of aquatic mosquito larvae in temporary water bodies

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Reichard ◽  
Brian R Watters ◽  
Rudolf H Wildekamp ◽  
Rainer Sonnenberg ◽  
Béla Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Bodies ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Annual Killifish ◽  
Temporary Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Water ◽  
Negative Impacts

scholarly journals English colour terms carry gender and valence biases: A corpus study using word embeddings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251559
Author(s):  
Domicele Jonauskaite ◽  
Adam Sutton ◽  
Nello Cristianini ◽  
Christine Mohr
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Gendered Communication ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Colour Preferences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Colour Terms ◽  
Research Studies

In Western societies, the stereotype prevails that pink is for girls and blue is for boys. A third possible gendered colour is red. While liked by women, it represents power, stereotypically a masculine characteristic. Empirical studies confirmed such gendered connotations when testing colour-emotion associations or colour preferences in males and females. Furthermore, empirical studies demonstrated that pink is a positive colour, blue is mainly a positive colour, and red is both a positive and a negative colour. Here, we assessed if the same valence and gender connotations appear in widely available written texts (Wikipedia and newswire articles). Using a word embedding method (GloVe), we extracted gender and valence biases for blue, pink, and red, as well as for the remaining basic colour terms from a large English-language corpus containing six billion words. We found and confirmed that pink was biased towards femininity and positivity, and blue was biased towards positivity. We found no strong gender bias for blue, and no strong gender or valence biases for red. For the remaining colour terms, we only found that green, white, and brown were positively biased. Our finding on pink shows that writers of widely available English texts use this colour term to convey femininity. This gendered communication reinforces the notion that results from research studies find their analogue in real word phenomena. Other findings were either consistent or inconsistent with results from research studies. We argue that widely available written texts have biases on their own, because they have been filtered according to context, time, and what is appropriate to be reported.

scholarly journals Efficient analysis of large datasets and sex bias with ADMIXTURE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyash S. Shringarpure ◽  
Carlos D. Bustamante ◽  
Kenneth L. Lange ◽  
David H. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Large Datasets ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
1000 Genomes Project ◽  
1000 Genomes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Human Ancestry ◽  
Individual Ancestry

Background: A number of large genomic datasets are being generated for studies of human ancestry and diseases. The ADMIXTURE program is commonly used to infer individual ancestry from genomic data. Results: We describe two improvements to the ADMIXTURE software. The first enables ADMIXTURE to infer ancestry for a new set of individuals using cluster allele frequencies from a reference set of individuals. Using data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we show that this allows ADMIXTURE to infer ancestry for 10,920 individuals in a few hours (a 5x speedup). This mode also allows ADMIXTURE to correctly estimate individual ancestry and allele frequencies from a set of related individuals. The second modification allows ADMIXTURE to correctly handle X-chromosome (and other haploid) data from both males and females. We demonstrate increased power to detect sex-biased admixture in African-American individuals from the 1000 Genomes project using this extension. Conclusions: These modifications make ADMIXTURE more efficient and versatile, allowing users to extract more information from large genomic datasets.

scholarly journals Molluscs of extremely artificial, small temporary water bodies in a city park

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lewandowski ◽  
Andrzej Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Aneta Spyra
Keyword(s):  
Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Water Bodies ◽  
Temporary Water ◽  
City Park

scholarly journals The role of land use types and water chemical properties in structuring the microbiomes of a connected lakes system

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophi Marmen ◽  
Lior Blank ◽  
Ashraf Al-Ashhab ◽  
Assaf Malik ◽  
Lars Ganzert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Freshwater Bodies

Lakes and other freshwater bodies are intimately connected to the surrounding land, yet to what extent land-use affects the quality of freshwater and the microbial communities living in various freshwater environments is largely unknown. We address this question through an analysis of the land use surrounding 46 inter-connected lakes located within 7 different drainage basins in northern Germany, and the microbiomes of these lakes during early summer. Lake microbiome structure was not determined by the specific drainage basin or by basin size, and bacterial distribution did not seem to be limited by distance. Instead, land use within the drainage basin could predict, to some extent, NO2+NO3 concentrations in the water, which (together with temperature, chlorophyll a and total phosphorus) affected water microbiome structure. Land use directly surrounding the water bodies, however, had little observable effects on water quality or the microbiome. Several microbial lineages, including environmentally important Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, were differentially partitioned between the lakes. As the amount of available data on land use (e.g. from remote sensing) increases, identifying relationships between land use, aquatic microbial communities and their effect on water quality will be important to better manage freshwater resources worldwide, e.g. by systemically identifying water bodies prone to ecological changes or the presence of harmful organisms.

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