scholarly journals Spatial pattern of foot-and-mouth disease in animals in China, 2010–2016

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ma ◽  
Jianhua Xiao ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Boyang Liu ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Serotype A ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Global Spatial Autocorrelation

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. An outbreak of FMD can produce devastating economic losses for a considerable length of time. In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of FMD in China, data from 2010 to 2016 were collected, including information on 65 outbreaks of FMD (25 by serotype A and 40 by serotype O), and 5,937 diseased animals (1,691 serotype A and 4,284 serotype O cases). Spatial autocorrelation, including global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation, as well as directional distribution analysis, were performed. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis of FMD cases from 2010 to 2016 did not show clustering (P > 0.05). In 2013 and 2014, the FMD serotype A hotspots areas were Tibet (Z = 3.3236,P < 0.001 in 2013;Z = 3.2001,P < 0.001 in 2014) and Xinjiang provinces (Z = 4.2113,P < 0.001 in 2013;Z = 3.9888,P < 0.001 in 2014). The FMD serotype O hotspots areas were: Xinjiang (Z = 2.5832,P = 0.0098) province in 2010; Tibet (Z = 3.8814,P < 0.001) and Xinjiang (Z = 4.9128,P < 0.001) provinces in 2011; and Tibet (Z = 3.0838,P = 0.0020), Xinjiang (Z = 3.8705,P < 0.001) and Qinghai (Z = 2.8875,P = 0.0039) provinces in 2013. The distribution of FMD cases from 2010 to 2016 showed a significant directional trend (northwest-southeast). In conclusion, our findings revealed the spatial patterns of FMD cases, which may provide beneficial information for the prevention and control of FMD.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity evaluation of MS2 phage-mediated chimeric nanoparticle displaying an immunodominant B cell epitope of foot-and-mouth disease virus

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Wang ◽  
Yunchao Liu ◽  
Hua Feng ◽  
Yumei Chen ◽  
Suzhen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Peptide Epitopes ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals that has caused tremendous economic losses worldwide. In this study, we designed a chimeric nanoparticles (CNPs) vaccine that displays the predominant epitope of the serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 131-160 on the surface of MS2 phage. The recombinant protein was expressed inEscherichia Coliand can self-assemble into CNPs with diameter at 25–30 nmin vitro. A tandem repeat peptide epitopes (TRE) was prepared as control. Mice were immunized with CNPs, TRE and commercialized synthetic peptide vaccines (PepVac), respectively. The ELISA results showed that CNPs stimulated a little higher specific antibody levels to PepVac, but was significantly higher than the TRE groups. Moreover, the results from specific IFN-γ responses and lymphocyte proliferation test indicated that CNP immunized mice exhibited significantly enhanced cellular immune response compared to TRE. These results suggested that the CNPs constructed in current study could be a potential alternative vaccine in future FMDV control.

scholarly journals Phylogeographic analysis and identification of factors impacting the diffusion of Foot-and-Mouth disease virus in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Duchatel ◽  
Mark Bronsvoort ◽  
Samantha Lycett
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and can lead to important and continuous economic losses for affected countries. Due to the complexity of the disease epidemiology and the lack of data there is a need to use inferential computational approaches to fill the gaps in our understanding of the circulation of FMD virus on this continent. Using a phylogeographic approach we reconstructed the circulation of FMD virus serotypes A, O and SAT2 in Africa and evaluated the influence of potential environmental and anthropological predictors of virus diffusion. Our results show that over the last hundred year the continental circulation of the tree serotypes was mainly driven by livestock trade. Whilst our analyses show that the serotypes A and O were introduced in Africa trough livestock trades, the SAT2 serotype probably originates from African wildlife population. The circulation of serotype O in eastern Africa is impacted by both indirect transmission through persistence in the environment and anthropological activities such as cattle movements.

scholarly journals Foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Egypt during 2013-2014: Molecular characterization of serotypes A, O, and SAT2

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Diab ◽  
Abdel-Hamid I. Bazid ◽  
Mohamed Fawzy ◽  
Wagdy R. El-Ashmawy ◽  
Adel A. Fayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serotype A ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Fmdv Serotypes ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes A, O and South African Territories (SAT2) are endemic in Egypt; each is presented by a number of partially related topotypes and lineages, depending on their geographical origin. Continuous mutations and the emergence of new topotypes that lead to occasional vaccination failures were frequently recorded, so this study aimed to genetically characterize the circulating FMD virus strains in Egypt during 2013 and 2014 outbreaks, focusing on amino acids variations in VP1 region. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 oral tissue samples were collected from cattle and buffaloes in 13 farms, and 38 individual cases showed clinical signs suspected to be FMD in six Egyptian Governorates (Cairo, Giza, Qaliubia, Fayoum, Sharquia, and Assiut). FMDV in collected samples was characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of full VP1 region, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Results: Out of 51 samples, 44 (86.27%) were positive by RT-PCR using universal primers. Serotype O was predominant and detected in 31 samples (70.45%), serotype A was detected in 9 samples (20.45%), and then serotype SAT2 was identified in 4 samples (9.10%). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 demonstrated clustering of serotype O, A, and SAT2 in EA-3 topotype, ASIA topotype, and topotype VII, respectively. Serotype O is closely related to O/SUD/8/2008 with 94.6% identity but showed 14.6% differences from vaccine strain (O/PanAsia-2) of ME-SA topotype. Furthermore, Serotype A and SAT2 were closely related to recent circulating Egyptian isolates and vaccine strains type A/EGY/1/2012 (Asia topotype, lineage Iran-05) with identity 96.4% and vaccine strain of SAT2/EGY/A/2012 (topotype VII, lineage SAT2/VII/ALX-12) with identity 95.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The present study recommended further studies of serotype O to determine the immunogenic relationship between the vaccine strain and the new strains to attain maximum protection against circulating viruses.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses collected from Northern and Central Ethiopia during the 2018 outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-548
Author(s):  
Yeneneh Tesfaye ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Esayas Gelaye
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serotype A ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Fmdv Serotypes ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in several developing countries and affects poor farmers through loss of production, death of diseased animals, and loss of animal byproducts. Forty-three samples were collected from 12 sites of five geographical located areas from suspected FMD virus (FMDV)-infected cattle during 2018. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the FMDVs using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and gene sequencing. Materials and Methods: Forty-three FMDV-suspected clinical samples cultured on BHK-21 cell were examined, followed by virus serotype identification using RT-PCR and gene sequencing. Results: Twenty-nine (67.44%) samples were cultured on BHK-21 cell, of which 14 (32.56%) were not isolated; the 43 samples were analyzed using FMDV screening primers and serotype-specific primers. The contribution of the disease-causing serotype was serotype O of 8 (18.60%) samples, serotype A of 20 (46.51%) samples, and mixed infection (O and A) of 1 (2.33%) sample. Serotypes O and A were further characterized by phylogenetic analysis, which grouped them under East Africa 3 and Africa topotypes of genotype IV, respectively. Interestingly, serotype A was isolated for the 1st time from Keyet sub-woreda and Mulo woreda of Ethiopia, and mixed serotypes (O and A) were identified from the purchased animal. Conclusion: Molecular test result, sequencing, and phylogenetic tree reconstruction analysis revealed that the 2018 FMD outbreak in Ethiopia was caused by FMDV serotypes O and A. FMDV serotype A was the predominant strain circulating in most study areas of the country. Infections in one sample with mixed serotypes of O and A were also reported. The authors recommend a vaccine matching study of those field isolated viruses with the vaccine strain.

scholarly journals Comparison of two ELISA methods for detection of antibodies against Footand- Mouth Disease virus of cattle breeds in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ö. B. INCE ◽  
R. KALKAN ◽  
S. ÇAKIR
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serotype A ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
History Of

The study was conducted using two ELISA methods - the liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPBE) and solid phase competition ELISA (SPCE) for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A- and O-specific antibodies of different cattle breeds in Turkey. These methods were compared in 426 cattle previously vaccinated with oil-adjuvanted bivalent vaccine as well as in sera from 40 cattle with no history of foot-and-mouth disease infection or vaccination. The results were found that SPCE had a better specificity (serotype A; 100% and serotype O; 97.50%) than LPBE (serotype A 95.00% and serotype O 92.50%). Sensitivity of SPCE had also better values (serotype A; 99.30% and serotype O; 98.59%) than LPBE (serotype A; 97.89% and serotype O; 96.48%). The results of the present study showed that the SPCE method is more reliable than LPBE.

scholarly journals Molecular survey for foot-and-mouth disease virus in livestock in Tanzania, 2008–2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael S. Sallu ◽  
Christopher J. Kasanga ◽  
Mkama Mathias ◽  
Mmeta Yongolo ◽  
Chanasa Mpelumbe-Ngeleja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Virus Protein ◽  
Serotype A ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Phylogeography data are of paramount importance in studying the molecular epidemiology dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). In this study, epithelial samples and oesophageal-pharyngeal fluids were collected from 361 convalescent animals (cattle and buffaloes) in the field throughout Tanzania between 2009 and 2013. The single plex real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay for rapid and accurate diagnosis of FMDV employing the Callahan 3DF-2, 3DF-R primers and Callahan 3DP-1 probe were used. Preparation of the samples was performed according to the OIE manual, with a Kenya O serotype obtained from the attenuated vaccine serving as a positive control and samples collected from healthy animals serving as true negatives. The results indicated that 53.49% of samples (n = 176) were positive for FMDV genome by qRT-PCR, with Ct values ranging from 14 to 32. In addition, molecular typing of the FMDV genome positive samples using serotype specific primers revealed the existence of several serotypes: serotype South Africa Territory 1 (SAT1) (34.25%, n = 60), serotype A (68.92%, n = 98), serotype O (59.20%, n = 98) and SAT2 (54.54%, n = 96). The virus protein 1 sequences analysis for 35 samples was performed and the collective results indicated: 54.28% serotype O, 25.71% serotype A, 14.28% serotype SAT1 and 2.85% serotype SAT2. Therefore in this study, both the phylogenetic trees and spatial distribution of serotypes elucidated the phylodynamics of multiple FMDV field strains in Tanzania and neighbouring countries.

Molecular characterization of circulating Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O topotype EA-3 and serotype A (African topotype) genotype IV in Egypt, 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Soltan ◽  
Ali H. Negmaldin ◽  
Mohamed M. El-Diasty ◽  
Shimaa M.G. Mansour ◽  
Maha A. Elbadry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serotype A ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Fmdv Serotype ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Antiviral potential of ivermectin against foot-and-mouth disease virus, serotype O, A and Asia-1

2021 ◽  
pp. 104914
Author(s):  
Zahra Naeem ◽  
Sohail Raza ◽  
Saba Afzal ◽  
Ali Ahmad Sheikh ◽  
Muhammad Muddassir Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Identification of a conserved linear neutralizing epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody 9A9 against serotype A foot-and-mouth disease virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 161 (10) ◽  
pp. 2705-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Liang ◽  
Guohui Zhou ◽  
Wenming Liu ◽  
Baolin Yang ◽  
Chaosi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Epitope ◽  
Serotype A ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Novel antibody binding determinants on the capsid surface of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1104-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin S. Asfor ◽  
Sasmita Upadhyaya ◽  
Nick J. Knowles ◽  
Donald P. King ◽  
David J. Paton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Impact

Five neutralizing antigenic sites have been described for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) based on monoclonal antibody (mAb) escape mutant studies. However, a mutant virus selected to escape neutralization of mAb binding at all five sites was previously shown to confer complete cross-protection with the parental virus in guinea pig challenge studies, suggesting that amino acid residues outside the mAb binding sites contribute to antibody-mediated in vivo neutralization of FMDV. Comparison of the ability of bovine antisera to neutralize a panel of serotype O FMDV identified three novel putative sites at VP2-74, VP2-191 and VP3-85, where amino acid substitutions correlated with changes in sero-reactivity. The impact of these positions was tested using site-directed mutagenesis to effect substitutions at critical amino acid residues within an infectious copy of FMDV O1 Kaufbeuren (O1K). Recovered viruses containing additional mutations at VP2-74 and VP2-191 exhibited greater resistance to neutralization with both O1K guinea pig and O BFS bovine antisera than a virus that was engineered to include only mutations at the five known antigenic sites. The changes at VP2-74 and VP3-85 are adjacent to critical amino acids that define antigenic sites 2 and 4, respectively. However VP2-191 (17 Å away from VP2-72), located at the threefold axis and more distant from previously identified antigenic sites, exhibited the most profound effect. These findings extend our knowledge of the surface features of the FMDV capsid known to elicit neutralizing antibodies, and will improve our strategies for vaccine strain selection and rational vaccine design.

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