scholarly journals Neural correlates of executive functions in patients with obesity

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chou Ho ◽  
Vincent Chin-Hung Chen ◽  
Seh-Huang Chao ◽  
Ching-Tzu Fang ◽  
Yi-Chun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Neural Correlation ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Middle Occipital Gyrus

Obesity is one of the most challenging problems in human health and is recognized as an important risk factor for many chronic diseases. It remains unclear how the neural systems (e.g., the mesolimbic “reward” and the prefrontal “control” neural systems) are correlated with patients’ executive function (EF), conceptualized as the integration of “cool” EF and “hot” EF. “Cool” EF refers to relatively abstract, non-affective operations such as inhibitory control and mental flexibility. “Hot” EF refers to motivationally significant affective operations such as affective decision-making. We tried to find the correlation between structural and functional neuroimaging indices and EF in obese patients. The study population comprised seventeen patients with obesity (seven males and 10 females, BMI = 37.99 ± 5.40, age = 31.82 ± 8.75 year-old) preparing to undergo bariatric surgery. We used noninvasive diffusion tensor imaging, generalized q-sampling imaging, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural correlations between structural and functional neuroimaging indices and EF performances in patients with obesity. We reported that many brain areas are correlated to the patients’ EF performances. More interestingly, some correlations may implicate the possible associations of EF and the incentive motivational effects of food. The neural correlation between the left precuneus and middle occipital gyrus and inhibitory control may suggest that patients with a better ability to detect appetitive food may have worse inhibitory control. Also, the neural correlation between the superior frontal blade and affective decision-making may suggest that patients’ affective decision-making may be associated with the incentive motivational effects of food. Our results provide evidence suggesting neural correlates of EF in patients with obesity.

Myopic decision making and impaired inhibitory control in heroin addicts

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiuqing Cheng ◽  
Claudia Gonzalez-Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Heroin Addicts

Impact of childhood maltreatment and resilience on behavioral and neural patterns of inhibitory control during emotional distraction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Demers ◽  
Ruskin H. Hunt ◽  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Julia E. Cohen-Gilbert ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
History Of ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Abstract Exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) may disrupt typical development of neural systems underlying impulse control and emotion regulation. Yet resilient outcomes are observed in some individuals exposed to CM. Individual differences in adult functioning may result from variation in inhibitory control in the context of emotional distractions, underpinned by cognitive–affective brain circuits. Thirty-eight healthy adults with a history of substantiated CM and 34 nonmaltreated adults from the same longitudinal sample performed a Go/No-Go task in which task-relevant stimuli (letters) were presented at the center of task-irrelevant, negative, or neutral images, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. The comparison group, but not the maltreated group, made increased inhibitory control errors in the context of negative, but not neutral, distractor images. In addition, the comparison group had greater right inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral frontal pole activation during inhibitory control blocks with negative compared to neutral background images relative to the CM group. Across the full sample, greater adaptive functioning in everyday contexts was associated with superior inhibitory control and greater right frontal pole activation. Results suggest that resilience following early adversity is associated with enhanced attention and behavioral regulation in the context of task-irrelevant negative emotional stimuli in a laboratory setting.

Neural correlates of Traditional Chinese Medicine induced advantageous risk-taking decision making

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M.Y. Lee ◽  
Li-guo Guo ◽  
Hong-zhi Shi ◽  
Yong-zhi Li ◽  
Yue-jia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Neural Correlates

scholarly journals Can binocular rivalry reveal neural correlates of consciousness?

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1641) ◽  
pp. 20130211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph Blake ◽  
Jan Brascamp ◽  
David J. Heeger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness ◽  
Neural Correlate Of Consciousness

This essay critically examines the extent to which binocular rivalry can provide important clues about the neural correlates of conscious visual perception. Our ideas are presented within the framework of four questions about the use of rivalry for this purpose: (i) what constitutes an adequate comparison condition for gauging rivalry's impact on awareness, (ii) how can one distinguish abolished awareness from inattention, (iii) when one obtains unequivocal evidence for a causal link between a fluctuating measure of neural activity and fluctuating perceptual states during rivalry, will it generalize to other stimulus conditions and perceptual phenomena and (iv) does such evidence necessarily indicate that this neural activity constitutes a neural correlate of consciousness? While arriving at sceptical answers to these four questions, the essay nonetheless offers some ideas about how a more nuanced utilization of binocular rivalry may still provide fundamental insights about neural dynamics, and glimpses of at least some of the ingredients comprising neural correlates of consciousness, including those involved in perceptual decision-making.

Inhibitory Control of Information in Memory Across Domains

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-453
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Bajo ◽  
Carlos J. Gómez-Ariza ◽  
Alejandra Marful
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Behavioral Signature

Knowledge in memory is vast and not always relevant to the task at hand. Recent views suggest that the human cognitive system has evolved so that it includes goal-driven control mechanisms to regulate the level of activation of specific pieces of knowledge and make distracting or unwanted information in memory less accessible. This operation is primarily directed to facilitate the use of task-relevant knowledge. However, these control processes may also have side effects on performance in a variety of situations when the task at hand partly relies on access to suppressed information. In this article, we show that various types of information to be used in a variety of different contexts (problem solving, decision making based on personal information, language production) may be the target of inhibitory control. We also show that the control process may leave a behavioral signature if suppressed information turns out to be relevant shortly after being suppressed.

Decision-making and inhibitory control after smoking-related priming in nicotine dependent smokers and never-smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Kräplin ◽  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer ◽  
Thomas Goschke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Never Smokers

Intra-abdominal Trocar-Free Vacuum Liver Retractor for Upper-Gastrointestinal Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Benzing ◽  
Helmut Weiss ◽  
Felix Krenzien ◽  
Matthias Biebl ◽  
Johann Pratschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Liver Retraction ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Single Port Surgery ◽  
Clinical Series ◽  
Liver Retractor ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background. In laparoscopic upper-gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, an adequate retraction of the liver is crucial. Especially in single-port surgery and obese patients, problems may occur during liver retraction. The current study seeks to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the LiVac trocar-free liver retractor in laparoscopic upper-GI surgery. Methods. The present study is a nonrandomized dual-center clinical series describing our preliminary results using the LiVac system for liver retraction. The primary end points of the present study included the effectiveness and safety of the LiVac device as well as complications and documentation of problems with the device during surgery. Results. The device was used in 11 patients for simple and complex laparoscopic procedures. The mean age of the study population was 59.6 years (SD = 20.6; range = 30-84). There were 6 female and 5 male patients with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.9 kg/m2 (SD = 8.1; range = 26.0-45.3). The efficacy of the device was excellent in all cases, reducing the number of trocars needed. There were no device-related complications. Conclusion. The LiVac liver retractor is easy to use and provides a good exposure of the operative field in upper-GI laparoscopic surgery, even in obese patients with a high BMI.

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