scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis reveals four key transcription factors associated with cadmium stress in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferaL.)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Yuan ◽  
Yuqing Bai ◽  
Yuehui Chao ◽  
Xinbo Sun ◽  
Chunyan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Insight Into

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity seriously affects the growth and development of plants, so studies on uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Cd in plants are crucial for phytoremediation. However, the molecular mechanism of the plant response to Cd stress remains poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to reveal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under lower (BT2_5) and higher (BT43) Cd concentration treatments in creeping bentgrass. A total of 463,184 unigenes were obtained from creeping bentgrass leaves using RNA sequencing technology. Observation of leaf tissue morphology showed that the higher Cd concentration damages leaf tissues. Four key transcription factor (TF) families, WRKY, bZIP, ERF, and MYB, are associated with Cd stress in creeping bentgrass. Our findings revealed that these four TFs play crucial roles during the creeping bentgrass response to Cd stress. This study is mainly focused on the molecular characteristics of DEGs under Cd stress using transcriptomic analysis in creeping bentgrass. These results provide novel insight into the regulatory mechanisms of respond to Cd stress and enrich information for phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Characterizing glycosyltransferases by a combination of sequencing platforms applied to the leaf tissues of Stevia rebaudiana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
shaoshan zhang ◽  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Chengcheng Lyu ◽  
Jinsong chen ◽  
Renfeng xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Smrt Sequencing ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Sequencing Platforms ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is considered one of the most valuable plants because of the steviol glycosides (SGs) that can be extracted from its leaves. Glycosyltransferases (GTs), which can transfer sugar moieties from activated sugar donors onto saccharide and nonsaccharide acceptors, are widely distributed in the genome of S. rebaudiana and play important roles in the synthesis of steviol glycosides. Results: Six stevia genotypes with significantly different concentrations of SGs were obtained by induction through various mutagenic methods, and the contents of seven glycosides (stevioboside, Reb B, ST, Reb A, Reb F, Reb D and Reb M) in their leaves were considerably different. Then, NGS and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing were combined to analyse leaf tissue from these six different genotypes to generate a more complete and correct full-length transcriptome of S. rebaudiana. Two phylogenetic trees of glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) were constructed by the neighbour-joining method and successfully predicted the functions of SrUGTs involved in SG biosynthesis. With further insight into glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) involved in SG biosynthesis, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to characterize the relationships between SrUGTs and SGs, and forty-four potential SrUGTs were finally obtained, including SrUGT85C2, SrUGT74G1, SrUGT76G1 and one SrUGT91D2, which have already been reported to be involved in the glucosylation of steviol glycosides, illustrating the reliability of our results.Conclusion: Combined with the results obtained by previous studies and those of this work, we systematically characterized glycosyltransferases in S. rebaudiana and forty-four candidate SrUGTs involved in the glycosylation of steviol glucosides were obtained. Moreover, the complete and correct full-length transcriptome obtained in this study will provide valuable support for further research investigating S. rebaudiana.

scholarly journals Characterizing glycosyltransferases by a combination of sequencing platforms applied to the leaf tissues of Stevia rebaudiana

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoshan Zhang ◽  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Chengcheng Lyu ◽  
Jinsong Chen ◽  
Renfeng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Smrt Sequencing ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Sequencing Platforms ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is considered one of the most valuable plants because of the steviol glycosides (SGs) that can be extracted from its leaves. Glycosyltransferases (GTs), which can transfer sugar moieties from activated sugar donors onto saccharide and nonsaccharide acceptors, are widely distributed in the genome of S. rebaudiana and play important roles in the synthesis of steviol glycosides. Results Six stevia genotypes with significantly different concentrations of SGs were obtained by induction through various mutagenic methods, and the contents of seven glycosides (stevioboside, Reb B, ST, Reb A, Reb F, Reb D and Reb M) in their leaves were considerably different. Then, NGS and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing were combined to analyse leaf tissue from these six different genotypes to generate a full-length transcriptome of S. rebaudiana. Two phylogenetic trees of glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) were constructed by the neighbour-joining method and successfully predicted the functions of SrUGTs involved in SG biosynthesis. With further insight into glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) involved in SG biosynthesis, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to characterize the relationships between SrUGTs and SGs, and forty-four potential SrUGTs were finally obtained, including SrUGT85C2, SrUGT74G1, SrUGT76G1 and SrUGT91D2, which have already been reported to be involved in the glucosylation of steviol glycosides, illustrating the reliability of our results. Conclusion Combined with the results obtained by previous studies and those of this work, we systematically characterized glycosyltransferases in S. rebaudiana and forty-four candidate SrUGTs involved in the glycosylation of steviol glucosides were obtained. Moreover, the full-length transcriptome obtained in this study will provide valuable support for further research investigating S. rebaudiana.

scholarly journals Characterizing glycosyltransferases by a combination of sequencing platforms applied to the leaf tissues of Stevia rebaudiana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoshan Zhang ◽  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Chengcheng Lyu ◽  
Jinsong Chen ◽  
Renfeng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Sequencing Platforms ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is considered one of the most valuable plants because of the steviol glycosides (SGs) that can be extracted from its leaves. Glycosyltransferases (GTs), which can transfer sugar moieties from activated sugar donors onto saccharide and nonsaccharide acceptors, are widely distributed in the genome of S. rebaudiana and play important roles in the synthesis of steviol glycosides.Results: Six stevia genotypes with significantly different concentrations of SGs were obtained by induction through various mutagenic methods, and the contents of seven glycosides (stevioboside, Reb B, ST, Reb A, Reb F, Reb D and Reb M) in their leaves were considerably different. Then, NGS and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing were combined to analyse leaf tissue from these six different genotypes to generate a more complete and correct full-length transcriptome of S. rebaudiana . Two phylogenetic trees of glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) were constructed by the neighbour-joining method and successfully predicted the functions of SrUGTs involved in SG biosynthesis. With further insight into glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) involved in SG biosynthesis, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to characterize the relationships between SrUGTs and SGs, and forty-four potential SrUGTs were finally obtained, including SrUGT85C2 , SrUGT74G1 , SrUGT76G1 and one SrUGT91D2, which have already been reported to be involved in the glucosylation of steviol glycosides, illustrating the reliability of our results.Conclusion: Combined with the results obtained by previous studies and those of this work, we systematically characterized glycosyltransferases in S. rebaudiana and forty-four candidate SrUGTs involved in the glycosylation of steviol glucosides were obtained. Moreover, the complete and correct full-length transcriptome obtained in this study will provide valuable support for further research investigating S. rebaudiana .

scholarly journals Characterizing glycosyltransferases by a combination of sequencing platforms applied to the leaf tissues of Stevia rebaudiana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
shaoshan zhang ◽  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Chengcheng Lyu ◽  
Jinsong chen ◽  
Renfeng xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Smrt Sequencing ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Sequencing Platforms ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is considered one of the most valuable plants because of the steviol glycosides (SGs) that can be extracted from its leaves. Glycosyltransferases (GTs), which can transfer sugar moieties from activated sugar donors onto saccharide and nonsaccharide acceptors, are widely distributed in the genome of S. rebaudiana and play important roles in the synthesis of steviol glycosides. Results: Six stevia genotypes with significantly different concentrations of SGs were obtained by induction through various mutagenic methods, and the contents of seven glycosides (stevioboside, Reb B, ST, Reb A, Reb F, Reb D and Reb M) in their leaves were considerably different. Then, NGS and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing were combined to analyse leaf tissue from these six different genotypes to generate a full-length transcriptome of S. rebaudiana. Two phylogenetic trees of glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) were constructed by the neighbour-joining method and successfully predicted the functions of SrUGTs involved in SG biosynthesis. With further insight into glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) involved in SG biosynthesis, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to characterize the relationships between SrUGTs and SGs, and forty-four potential SrUGTs were finally obtained, including SrUGT85C2, SrUGT74G1, SrUGT76G1 and one SrUGT91D2, which have already been reported to be involved in the glucosylation of steviol glycosides, illustrating the reliability of our results.Conclusion: Combined with the results obtained by previous studies and those of this work, we systematically characterized glycosyltransferases in S. rebaudiana and forty-four candidate SrUGTs involved in the glycosylation of steviol glucosides were obtained. Moreover, the full-length transcriptome obtained in this study will provide valuable support for further research investigating S. rebaudiana.

scholarly journals Characterizing glycosyltransferases by a combination of sequencing platforms applied to the leaf tissues of Stevia rebaudiana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
shaoshan zhang ◽  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Chengcheng Lyu ◽  
Jinsong chen ◽  
Renfeng xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Smrt Sequencing ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Sequencing Platforms ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is considered one of the most valuable plants because of the steviol glycosides (SGs) that can be extracted from its leaves. Glycosyltransferases (GTs), which can transfer sugar moieties from activated sugar donors onto saccharide and nonsaccharide acceptors, are widely distributed in the genome of S. rebaudiana and play important roles in the synthesis of steviol glycosides. Results: Six stevia genotypes with significantly different concentrations of SGs were obtained by induction through various mutagenic methods, and the contents of seven glycosides (stevioboside, Reb B, ST, Reb A, Reb F, Reb D and Reb M) in their leaves were considerably different. Then, NGS and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing were combined to analyse leaf tissue from these six different genotypes to generate a full-length transcriptome of S. rebaudiana. Two phylogenetic trees of glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) were constructed by the neighbour-joining method and successfully predicted the functions of SrUGTs involved in SG biosynthesis. With further insight into glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) involved in SG biosynthesis, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to characterize the relationships between SrUGTs and SGs, and forty-four potential SrUGTs were finally obtained, including SrUGT85C2, SrUGT74G1, SrUGT76G1 and SrUGT91D2, which have already been reported to be involved in the glucosylation of steviol glycosides, illustrating the reliability of our results.Conclusion: Combined with the results obtained by previous studies and those of this work, we systematically characterized glycosyltransferases in S. rebaudiana and forty-four candidate SrUGTs involved in the glycosylation of steviol glucosides were obtained. Moreover, the full-length transcriptome obtained in this study will provide valuable support for further research investigating S. rebaudiana.

Characterizing glycosyltransferases by a combination of sequencing platforms applied to the leaf tissues of Stevia rebaudian

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoshan Zhang ◽  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Chengcheng Lyu ◽  
Jinsong Chen ◽  
Renfeng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Sequencing Platforms ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is considered one of the most valuable plants because of the steviol glycosides (SGs) that can be extracted from its leaves. Glycosyltransferases (GTs), which can transfer sugar moieties from activated sugar donors onto saccharide and nonsaccharide acceptors, are widely distributed in the genome of S. rebaudiana and play important roles in the synthesis of steviol glycosides. Results: Six stevia genotypes with significantly different concentrations of SGs were obtained by induction through various mutagenic methods, and the contents of seven glycosides (stevioboside, Reb B, ST, Reb A, Reb F, Reb D and Reb M) in their leaves were considerably different. Then, NGS and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing were combined to analyse leaf tissue from these six different genotypes to generate a more complete and correct full-length transcriptome of S. rebaudiana. Two phylogenetic trees of glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) were constructed by the neighbour-joining method and successfully predicted the functions of SrUGTs involved in SG biosynthesis. With further insight into glycosyltransferases (SrUGTs) involved in SG biosynthesis, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to characterize the relationships between SrUGTs and SGs, and forty-four potential SrUGTs were finally obtained. Of these potential SrUGTs, twenty-seven have complete ORFs and have not been verified to date, and enzyme assays were subsequently performed, but none of them had activity towards SGs. In addition, SrUGT (SrUGT88B1-1) could utilize UDP-glucose as a sugar donor to glycosylate isoquercetin to form three products containing one, two, and three glucoses, respectively.Conclusion: Combined with the results obtained by previous studies and those of this work, we systematically characterized glycosyltransferases in S. rebaudiana and confirmed that four enzymes (SrUGT85C2, SrUGT74G1, SrUGT76G1 and SrUGT91D2) are primarily involved in the glycosylation of steviol glucosides. Moreover, the complete and correct full-length transcriptome obtained in this study will provide valuable support for further research investigating S. rebaudiana.

Use of TEM in Plant Disease Diagnosis: A Xylem-Limited Bacterium Associated with Diseased ‘Toronto’ Creeping Bentgrass

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
Karen K. Baker ◽  
David L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Plant Disease Diagnosis

Plant disease diagnosis is most often accomplished by examination of symptoms and observation or isolation of causal organisms. Occasionally, diseases of unknown etiology occur and are difficult or impossible to accurately diagnose by the usual means. In 1980, such a disease was observed on Agrostis palustris Huds. c.v. Toronto (creeping bentgrass) putting greens at the Butler National Golf Course in Oak Brook, IL.The wilting symptoms of the disease and the irregular nature of its spread through affected areas suggested that an infectious agent was involved. However, normal isolation procedures did not yield any organism known to infect turf grass. TEM was employed in order to aid in the possible diagnosis of the disease.Crown, root and leaf tissue of both infected and symptomless plants were fixed in cold 5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, post-fixed in buffered 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in a 1:1 mixture of Spurrs and epon-araldite epoxy resins.

Stem Cold Hardiness, Leaf Heat Tolerance, Growth, and Performance of Six Japanese Maples (Acer palmatum) in Northern Illinois

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 512e-512
Author(s):  
A.M. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
And Performance

Six different Japanese Maples (Acer palmatum) cultivars `Water Fall', `Burgundy Lace', `Crimson Queen', `Oshio-Beni', `SangoKaKu', and `Bloodgood' from Monrovia Nursery were planted in a randomized block design on 4 June 1997 at the The Morton Arboretum. Leaf heat tolerance was evaluated by measuring ion leakage of the leaf tissue at 25–60 °C in July, Aug., and Sept. 1997. The LT50 (the temperature at which 50% of the tissues were injured) of all the cultivars were higher in July (≈53 °C) and were lower in September (≈47 °C). Water content of the leaf tissues were higher in July compare to August and September and were not related to heat tolerance of most cultivars. Stem cold hardiness was performed by artificial freezing tests in Oct., Dec., and Feb. 1997/98. The Lowest Survival Temperature (LST) for the most hardy to least hardy cultivars in October and December were: `Burgundy Lace' (–15, –27 °C), `Bloodgood' (–18, –24 °C), `Oshio-Beni' (–15, –24 °C), `Crimson Queen' (–15, –18 °C), `Water Fall' (–9, –18 °C) and `SangoKaKu' (–9, –12 °C), respectively. Growth, dormancy development, spring budbreak and performance of these cultivars will be compared.

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