scholarly journals Climate change and forest plagues: assessing current and future impacts of diprionid sawflies on the pine forests of north-western Mexico

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor M. Aguilera-Molina ◽  
Khutzy K. Munguía-Ortega ◽  
Eulogio López-Reyes ◽  
Andrés Martínez-Aquino ◽  
F. Sara Ceccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Jeffrey Pine ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
One Year ◽  
Imminent Threat ◽  
Sierra San Pedro Martir ◽  
North Western

The imminent threat of climate change lies in its potential to disrupt the balance of ecosystems, particularly vulnerable areas such as mountain-top remnant forests. An example of such a fragile ecosystem is the Sierra San Pedro Mártir (SSPM) National Park of Mexico’s Baja California state, where high levels of endemism can be found, and which is home to one of the country’s few populations of the emblematic Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi). Recent outbreaks of pine-feeding sawfly larvae in SSPM increase the vulnerability of this forest ecosystem, calling for immediate assessments of the severity of this threat. Here, we present a thorough study of the sawfly’s biology and distribution, carrying out molecular and morphology-based identification of the species and creating model-based predictions of the species distribution in the area. The sawfly was found to belong to an undescribed species of the genus Zadiprion (family Diprionidae) with a one-year life-cycle. The distribution of this species appears to be restricted to the SSPM national park and it will probably persist for at least another 50 years, even considering the effects of climate change.

Comparing modern and past fire regimes to assess changes in prehistoric lightning and anthropogenic ignitions in a Jeffrey pine – mixed conifer forest in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand R. Evett ◽  
Ernesto Franco-Vizcaino ◽  
Scott L. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regime ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Jeffrey Pine ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Sierra San Pedro Martir

Fire histories of Jeffrey pine ( Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) – mixed conifer forests in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico, recently described through analysis of 300 years of tree-ring fire-scars, indicate there have been four distinct fire-regime periods based on fire frequency and size. We used modern lightning and fire data to assess whether the current lightning regime could have supported the prehistoric fire regime. Although there are several sources of uncertainty, the present lightning regime, concentrated in the summer with little spring activity, may be insufficient to support the high number and spring seasonality of fires recorded during some periods in the past. Changes in the ignition regime recorded during the past 300 years could have been due to anthropogenic and (or) climatic factors; available evidence suggests periods of frequent fire were dominated by anthropogenic ignitions.

Coarse woody debris and canopy cover in an old-growth Jeffrey pine-mixed conifer forest from the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 240 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Stephens ◽  
Danny L. Fry ◽  
Ernesto Franco-Vizcaíno ◽  
Brandon M. Collins ◽  
Jason M. Moghaddas
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Jeffrey Pine ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forest ◽  
Sierra San Pedro Martir

Environmental conflicts and nature reserves: redesigning Sierra San Pedro Mártir National Park, Mexico

2004 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A Bojórquez-Tapia ◽  
Horacio de la Cueva ◽  
Salomón Dı́az ◽  
Daniela Melgarejo ◽  
Georgina Alcantar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Sierra San Pedro Martir

scholarly journals Ecological niche modelling and prioritizing areas for species reintroductions

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Martínez-Meyer ◽  
A. Townsend Peterson ◽  
Jorge I. Servín ◽  
Lloyd F. Kiff
Keyword(s):  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Species Reintroduction ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
California Condor ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Mexican Wolf ◽  
Canis Lupus Baileyi ◽  
Gymnogyps Californianus ◽  
Sierra San Pedro Martir

Species reintroduction programmes, in prioritizing areas for reintroductions, have traditionally used tools that include measures of habitat suitability and evaluations of area requirements for viable populations. Here we add two tools to this approach: evaluation of ecological requirements of species and evaluation of future suitability for species facing changing climates. We demonstrate this approach with two species for which reintroduction programmes are in the planning stages in Mexico: California condor Gymnogyps californianus and Mexican wolf Canis lupus baileyi. For the condor, we identify three areas clustered in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California; for the wolf, we identify a string of suitable sites along the Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico. We discuss the limitations of this approach, identifying ways in which the models illustrated could be made more realistic and directly useful to reintroduction programmes.

Phytolith evidence for the absence of a prehistoric grass understory in a Jeffrey pine – mixed conifer forest in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand R. Evett ◽  
Ernesto Franco-Vizcaino ◽  
Scott L. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regime ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fire Scar ◽  
Jeffrey Pine ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forest ◽  
Sierra San Pedro Martir

Phytolith analysis was applied to several sites in a Jeffrey pine ( Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) – mixed conifer forest in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico, to explore the hypothesis that the introduction of livestock in the late 18th century led to overgrazing of a prehistoric grass understory, resulting in changes to the prehistoric fire regime observed in the tree-ring fire-scar record. Stable soils in regions with extensive prehistoric grass cover retain a high concentration of total phytoliths and high percentage of grass phytoliths, regardless of historic vegetation changes. Phytoliths extracted from soil samples collected from several sites in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir revealed total phytolith concentrations in forest soils were generally <0.5% by mass, with most <0.1%, whereas grass phytoliths were generally <10% of the total, values consistent with the interpretation of a forest with sparse grass cover in the understory. Phytolith evidence suggests that there was minimal grass available for grazing in prehistoric Sierra San Pedro Mártir forests; overgrazing a grass understory was probably not a major driver of changes in the prehistoric fire regime.

Fire-scar formation in Jeffrey pine – mixed conifer forests in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Mexico

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1497-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Stephens ◽  
Danny L. Fry ◽  
Brandon M. Collins ◽  
Carl N. Skinner ◽  
Ernesto Franco-Vizcaíno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Fire Scar ◽  
Jeffrey Pine ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forests ◽  
Sierra San Pedro Martir

Little is known about the probability of fire-scar formation. In this study, we examined all mixed conifer trees for fire-scar formation in a 16 ha watershed that burned as part of a 2003 wildfire in Sierra San Pedro Mártir National Park (SSPM), Mexico. In addition, we examine the probability of fire-scar formation in relation to the previous fire interval in forests in the SSPM and Sierra Nevada. Within the 16 ha SSPM watershed, 1647 trees were assessed (100% census) for new fire scars. The SSPM wildfire burned around the base of 78% of the trees, but only 8% developed a new fire scar. Although the years from tree germination to first fire scar could potentially represent a fire-free period, there is clear evidence from this study that the inclusion of this interval when computing fire statistics is not justified. When the time since previous fire was <10 years, 10–30 years, and >57 years, the probability of rescarring was approximately 0.05, 0.5, and 0.75, respectively. In areas where fires were frequent (<10 years), fire frequencies derived from fire scars will likely underestimate true fire frequency, at least in forests that are similar to those studied here.

scholarly journals Jeffrey Pine Seed Dispersal in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Vander Wall ◽  
Mark S. Enders ◽  
Sarah Barga ◽  
Christopher Moore ◽  
Amy Seaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Jeffrey Pine ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Sierra San Pedro Martir

scholarly journals First tardigrade records from San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131-1136
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Núñez ◽  
Gisela A. León-Espinosa ◽  
Roberto Vázquez ◽  
Manet E. Peña-Salinas ◽  
Gabino A. Rodríguez-Almaraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baja California ◽  
The State ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Pinus Jeffreyi ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
North Western

A total of 66 specimens representing four tardigrade taxa were found in 14 moss and lichen samples collected from the bark of Jeffrey&rsquo;s Pine, Pinus jeffreyi Balf., in the Sierra de San Pedro M&aacute;rtir (Baja California, north-western Mexico). Two taxa were identified to the species level (Echiniscus becki Schuster &amp; Grigarick, 1966 and E. blumi Richters, 1903), and two to the genus level (Milnesium sp. and Ramazzottius sp.). These are the first tardigrade records from the state of Baja California, and they increase the known tardigrade diversity of Mexico to 84 species.

Adapting to climate change at Olympic National Forest and Olympic National Park

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Halofsky ◽  
David L. Peterson ◽  
Kathy A. O’Halloran ◽  
Catherine Hawkins Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Olympic National Park
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