scholarly journals Structural and functional microbial diversity of sandy soil under cropland and grassland

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Frąc ◽  
Jerzy Lipiec ◽  
Bogusław Usowicz ◽  
Karolina Oszust ◽  
Małgorzata Brzezińska
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Water Holding

Background Land use change significantly alters soil organic carbon content and the microbial community. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of changing cropland to grassland on structural and functional soil microbial diversity was evaluated. The specific aims were (i) to identify the most prominent members of the fungal communities and their relevant ecological guild groups; (ii) to assess changes in the diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea; (iii) to determine the relationships between microbial diversity and selected physical and chemical properties. Methods We investigated microbial diversity and activity indicators, bulk density and the water-holding capacity of sandy soil under both cropland and 25-year-old grassland (formerly cropland) in Trzebieszów, in the Podlasie Region, Poland. Microbial diversity was assessed by: the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea, fungal community composition and functional diversity. Microbial activity was assessed by soil enzyme (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase) and respiration tests. Results It was shown that compared to cropland, grassland has a higher soil organic carbon content, microbial biomass, basal respiration, rate of enzyme activity, richness and diversity of the microbial community, water holding capacity and the structure of the fungal and ammonia-oxidizing archaea communities was also altered. The implications of these results for soil quality and soil health are also discussed. The results suggest that grassland can have a significant phytosanitary capacity with regard to ecosystem services, due to the prominent presence of beneficial and antagonistic microbes. Moreover, the results also suggest that grassland use may improve the status of soil organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics, thereby increasing the relative abundance of fungi and ammonia-oxidizing archaea.

scholarly journals Organic carbon content in arable soil – aeration matters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tino Colombi ◽  
Florian Walder ◽  
Lucie Büchi ◽  
Marlies Sommer ◽  
Kexing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract. Arable soils may act as a sink in the global carbon cycle but the prediction of their potential for carbon sequestration remains challenging. The role of soil structure and related physical properties for carbon sequestration is only little explored, especially at the farm level. We hypothesized that improved soil aeration, which is strongly controlled by soil structure, leads to higher soil organic carbon content. Soil gas transport properties, water holding capacity, microbial biomass and soil organic carbon content, were quantified in the topsoil and subsoil in 30 fields of individual farms. The fields were managed either conventionally, organically or according to no-till practice. Tillage significantly increased gas transport capability and water holding capacity of the topsoil. In the same soil layer, organic farming resulted in higher soil organic carbon content and microbial biomass. Both in the topsoil and the subsoil higher gas transport capability and water holding capacity led to increased soil organic carbon content (0.53 

Impacts of land-use intensity on soil organic carbon content, soil structure and water-holding capacity

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Acín-Carrera ◽  
M. José Marques ◽  
P. Carral ◽  
A. M. Álvarez ◽  
C. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Water Holding

Space-time monitoring of soil organic carbon content across a semi-arid region of Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e00367
Author(s):  
Patrick Filippi ◽  
Stephen R. Cattle ◽  
Matthew J. Pringle ◽  
Thomas F.A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Soil age and soil organic carbon content shape biochemical responses to multiple freeze–thaw events in soils along a postmining agricultural chronosequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Rosinger ◽  
Michael Bonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Soil Age ◽  
Carbon Losses

AbstractFreeze–thaw (FT) events exert a great physiological stress on the soil microbial community and thus significantly impact soil biogeochemical processes. Studies often show ambiguous and contradicting results, because a multitude of environmental factors affect biogeochemical responses to FT. Thus, a better understanding of the factors driving and regulating microbial responses to FT events is required. Soil chronosequences allow more focused comparisons among soils with initially similar start conditions. We therefore exposed four soils with contrasting organic carbon contents and opposing soil age (i.e., years after restoration) from a postmining agricultural chronosequence to three consecutive FT events and evaluated soil biochgeoemical responses after thawing. The major microbial biomass carbon losses occurred after the first FT event, while microbial biomass N decreased more steadily with subsequent FT cycles. This led to an immediate and lasting decoupling of microbial biomass carbon:nitrogen stoichiometry. After the first FT event, basal respiration and the metabolic quotient (i.e., respiration per microbial biomass unit) were above pre-freezing values and thereafter decreased with subsequent FT cycles, demonstrating initially high dissimilatory carbon losses and less and less microbial metabolic activity with each iterative FT cycle. As a consequence, dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen increased in soil solution after the first FT event, while a substantial part of the liberated nitrogen was likely lost through gaseous emissions. Overall, high-carbon soils were more vulnerable to microbial biomass losses than low-carbon soils. Surprisingly, soil age explained more variation in soil chemical and microbial responses than soil organic carbon content. Further studies are needed to dissect the factors associated with soil age and its influence on soil biochemical responses to FT events.

scholarly journals Regional simulation of soil organic carbon dynamics for dry farmland in Northeast China using the CENTURY model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245040
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Shihang Wang ◽  
Mingsong Zhao ◽  
Falv Qin ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Century Model ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Soil organic carbon content has a significant impact on soil fertility and grain yield, making it an important factor affecting agricultural production and food security. Dry farmland, the main type of cropland in China, has a lower soil organic carbon content than that of paddy soil, and it may have a significant carbon sequestration potential. Therefore, in this study we applied the CENTURY model to explore the temporal and spatial changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) in Jilin Province from 1985 to 2015. Dry farmland soil polygons were extracted from soil and land use layers (at the 1:1,000,000 scale). Spatial overlay analysis was also used to extract 1282 soil polygons from dry farmland. Modelled results for SOC dynamics in the dry farmland, in conjunction with those from the Yushu field-validation site, indicated a good level of performance. From 1985 to 2015, soil organic carbon density (SOCD) of dry farmland decreased from 34.36 Mg C ha−1 to 33.50 Mg C ha−1 in general, having a rate of deterioration of 0.03 Mg C ha−1 per year. Also, SOC loss was 4.89 Tg from dry farmland soils in the province, with a deterioration rate of 0.16 Tg C per year. 35.96% of the dry farmland its SOCD increased but 64.04% of the area released carbon. Moreover, SOC dynamics recorded significant differences between different soil groups. The method of coupling the CENTURY model with a detailed soil database can simulate temporal and spatial variations of SOC at a regional scale, and it can be used as a precise simulation method for dry farmland SOC dynamics.

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