Vitamin D Deficiency and a Blunted Parathyroid Hormone Response in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

The process of development depends on a number of signaling systems that regulates the progressive sequence of developmental events. Infertility and neurodevelopmental diseases, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia, are caused by specific alterations in these signaling processes. Calcium signaling plays a prominent role throughout development beginning at fertilization and continuing through early development, implantation, and organ differentiation such as heart and brain development. Vitamin D plays a major role in regulating these signaling processes that control development. There is an increase in infertility and an onset of neurodevelopmental diseases when vitamin D is deficient. The way in which vitamin D deficiency acts to alter development is a major feature of this review. One of the primary functions of vitamin D is to maintain the phenotypic stability of both the Ca2+ and redox signaling pathways that play such a key role throughout development.

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Association between Level of Vitamin D with Environmental and Bioelement Factors in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.15171/ps.2018.28 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 193-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gholamreza Noorazar ◽

Gita Mehdizadeh ◽

Aida Ghaffari ◽

Nadia Dehbokri ◽

Mohammad Taghi Khodayari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Significant Relation ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Tv Watching

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder. The exact pathophysiology of ADHD is not completely recognized. Previous studies have shown the role of different genetic and environmental factors in it. This study investigates the relationship between vitamin D and environmental factors in ADHD. Methods: In this study, 182 children from 2 to 18 years with confirmed ADHD were allocated in this cross-sectional study. Patients with a history of any chronic disease, anticonvulsants and corticosteroids consumption were excluded from the study. The ADHD severity was assessed by Conners’ parent scale test. The level of serum vitamin D, ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity, zinc, magnesium, calcium and routine complete blood count (CBC) were measured. Results: Although the results showed a U shaped pattern between vitamin D levels and ADHD severity, the correlation between vitamin D level did not show any significant relation with ADHD symptoms severity (p=0.786). Our data showed significant relation between level of vitamin D and ferritin in patients with ADHD (p=0.003). The analysis demonstrates significant relation between vitamin D level and duration of daily TV watching in children with ADHD (p=0.002). Conclusion: The vitamin D supplementation may improve ADHD symptoms in patients with vitamin D deficiency. In addition, due to the proved effect of ferritin level in ADHD and significant relation with vitamin D level in this study, treatment of vitamin D deficiency is necessary in children with ADHD. Replacing TV watching by more outdoor activity may improve ADHD symptoms.

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Adjuvant effects of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation on treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial in China

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e050541

Author(s):

Ping Zhou ◽

Mark Lee Wolraich ◽

Ai-hua Cao ◽

Fei-Yong Jia ◽

Bin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Remission Rate ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Multicentric Study ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Double Blinded

IntroductionApproximately 7.2% of children in the world suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Due to the availability of the osmotic-release oral-system methylphenidate, ADHD currently has a remission rate of up to 30.72%. Nevertheless, it has been reported that patients with ADHD tend to exhibit vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency, which may aggravate the symptoms of ADHD. This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on the symptoms of ADHD.Methods and analysisThis is a parallel, prospective, interventional multicentric study. Patients will be enrolled from the southern, central and northern parts of China. A target of 504 patients will be followed for 8 weeks. They will be allocated into three groups (vitamin AD, vitamin D and placebo) and administered the interventions accordingly. Data on changes in the symptoms of ADHD as well as changes in the serum concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin D will be recorded. Both responders and nonresponders based on the sociodemographic and clinical data will also be described to mitigate selection bias.Ethics and disseminationThis study is performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (approval number: (2019) IRB (STUDY) number 262). The results of the trial will be reported in peer-reviewed scientific journals and academic conferences regardless of the outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT04284059.

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