scholarly journals Pakistan Ranks Third Globally With the Most Unvaccinated Children: Is the Impact of Parental Perception and Attitude on Immunization an Essential Contributing Factor to an Unsuccessful Vaccination Coverage?

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabail Saeed ◽  
Irtiza Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Parental Perception ◽  
The Impact

MODELING THE IMPACT OF AWARENESS CREATED BY MEDIA CAMPAIGNS ON VACCINATION COVERAGE IN A VARIABLE POPULATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 249-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANUPAMA SHARMA ◽  
A. K. MISRA
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Model Stability ◽  
The Impact

Vaccines are a core component of any preventive strategy designed to ensure the global public health. A major factor influencing the successful implementation of any immunization program is awareness and public acceptance of the vaccine. The present study focuses on potential impacts of awareness created by media campaigns on vaccination coverage of hepatitis B. In this paper, a SIR model with vital dynamics in a population of varying size is investigated, which couples hepatitis B vaccination and awareness created by media within a single framework. It is assumed that media campaigns propagate awareness about measures requisite for escaping the chances of contracting hepatitis B. The awareness created by media motivates people to get vaccinated and attain full immunization against hepatitis B virus. For analyzing the model, stability theory of differential equations is employed. First, equilibria of the system comprising fractions of the population are obtained and their stability behavior is discussed. Then the asymptotic behavior of total population is discussed in detail. Three threshold parameters R0, R1and R2governing the dynamics of infection and total population are also affirmed. The findings of numerical simulations are also in line with analytically obtained results.

Vaccine Coverage Across the Life Course in Michigan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: January–September 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e9
Author(s):  
Angela K. Shen ◽  
Cristi A. Bramer ◽  
Lynsey M. Kimmins ◽  
Robert Swanson ◽  
Patricia Vranesich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Immunization Registry ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Vaccines For Children ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immunization services across the life course. Methods. In this retrospective study, we used Michigan immunization registry data from 2018 through September 2020 to assess the number of vaccine doses administered, number of sites providing immunization services to the Vaccines for Children population, provider location types that administer adult vaccines, and vaccination coverage for children. Results. Of 12 004 384 individual vaccine doses assessed, 48.6%, 15.6%, and 35.8% were administered to children (aged 0–8 years), adolescents (aged 9–18 years), and adults (aged 19–105 years), respectively. Doses administered overall decreased beginning in February 2020, with peak declines observed in April 2020 (63.3%). Overall decreases in adult doses were observed in all settings except obstetrics and gynecology provider offices and pharmacies. Local health departments reported a 66.4% decrease in doses reported. For children, the total number of sites administering pediatric vaccines decreased while childhood vaccination coverage decreased 4.4% overall and 5.8% in Medicaid-enrolled children. Conclusions. The critical challenge is to return to prepandemic levels of vaccine doses administered as well as to catch up individuals for vaccinations missed. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print October 7, 2021: e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306474 )

Effect of COVID-19 on vaccination coverage in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelle Moura Silveira ◽  
Neida Lucia Conrad ◽  
Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Disease Notification ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Antigen Vaccine ◽  
Restricted Mobility ◽  
Consistent Information ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, recommendations for maintaining physical distance, restricted mobility measures, as well as fear of mass transmission by going to health centers have significantly contributed to the general vaccination coverage, which by and large is decreasing worldwide; thus, favoring the potential re-emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases. In this study, we have used the existing data on vaccination coverage during the pre-pandemic (2019) as well as the pandemic (2020) period to evaluate the impact of coronavirus outbreaks during the vaccination drive in Brazil. Furthermore, we have accumulated data since 2015 among the different regions of the country to acquire more consistent information. The various vaccines analyzed in our study were meningococcal C conjugate, Triple antigen vaccine, 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate, and BCG; subsequently, the data were obtained from the National Disease Notification System. This study revealed that the ongoing immunization drive saw a steep decline of around 10 to 20% during the (2019–2020) pandemic period in Brazil. These results provide strong evidence towards the decreasing trends following the vaccination programs during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Brazil. Furthermore, our results also highlight the importance of adopting widespread multi-component interventions to improve vaccination uptake rates.

scholarly journals Response to Comment on “The impact of past vaccination coverage and immunity on pertussis resurgence”

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (472) ◽  
pp. eaau9627
Author(s):  
Matthieu Domenech de Cellès ◽  
Aaron A. King ◽  
Pejman Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Acellular Vaccine

We present new evidence that the immunity conferred against pertussis by the DTaP acellular vaccine wanes more slowly than widely believed.

scholarly journals Congenital cardiac surgery and parental perception of risk: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1361-1367
Author(s):  
Robyn R. Lotto ◽  
Ian D. Jones ◽  
Rafael Guerrero ◽  
Ram Dhannapuneni ◽  
Attilio A. Lotto
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Parental Engagement ◽  
Parental Perception ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Compassionate Care ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Parent Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

AbstractIntroduction:The way risk is interpreted by parents of children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery is poorly documented. Literature suggests clinicians have concerns that parents may not understand the complexity of procedures. Conversely, some parents perceive an unnecessary over-emphasis of risks.Aim:To explore how risk is encountered by parents of children who are undergoing cardiac surgery, in order to deliver effective and compassionate care.Methods:A qualitative approach was adopted. Interviews were undertaken with 18 parents (mothers n = 10; fathers n = 8). Recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a constant comparative-based approach.Findings:Three themes emerged from the data: the nature of risk, reflecting the complexity of parental perception of risk and the influence of the doctor–parent relationship; presenting risk, highlighting the way in which risk is presented to and interpreted by parents; and risk and responsibility, examining the way in which parents engaged with risk and the impact of this on their relationship.Conclusions:The way in which risk is perceived by parents is complex and multi-factorial. The doctor–parent relationship is key to parental engagement. However, parents manage risk and uncertainty through a number of mechanisms, including those perceived as being not rational. This can cause tension, particularly when required to engage in informed decision-making.

scholarly journals Vaccination Status of Alaska Native Persons With Hepatitis A Virus Infection—Alaska, 1996–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D Plumb ◽  
Prabhu P Gounder ◽  
Leisha D Nolen ◽  
Stephanie C Massay ◽  
Louisa Castrodale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Following increases in reported cases of hepatitis A, we assessed the impact of hepatitis A vaccine in Alaska Native persons. During 1996–2018, only 6 cases of hepatitis A were identified, all in unvaccinated adults. Populations can be protected against hepatitis A by achieving sufficient vaccination coverage over time.

scholarly journals LB20. Impact of School-Located Influenza Vaccination on Vaccination Coverage, School Absenteeism, and Influenza Hospitalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S766-S766
Author(s):  
Jade Benjamin-Chung
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control School ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
California Department ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background School-located influenza vaccination programs aim to increase influenza vaccination coverage and produce indirect effects by interrupting influenza transmission. We evaluated the impact of a program that delivered the inactivated influenza vaccine in 2016–2017 to elementary schools in a large, diverse urban school district in Oakland, California on vaccination coverage, school absenteeism, and influenza hospitalization. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study and used pre-program data from the California Department of Education on school characteristics to identify a control school district with similar characteristics to the program district. We measured parent recall of student influenza vaccination in surveys in 2017 in 44 schools per district (N = 6,070). We obtained absence data from school districts and influenza hospitalization data for district catchment areas prior to and during the program. We used generalized linear models to estimate difference-in-differences (DIDs) in absence rates during influenza season adjusting for month, race, and grade to account for differences in pre-program rates. Standard errors accounted for school clusters. For influenza hospitalization, we estimated cumulative incidence rates using census data to obtain the population size and risk ratios (RR) using modified Poisson regression. Results Vaccination coverage was 56.7% in control schools and 63.9% in program schools (difference = 7.2%; 95% CI 3.6%, 10.8%). 24% of students in program schools were vaccinated at school. Absences per 100 days were 5.40 vs. 6.68 in program vs. control sites for all absences and 3.01 vs. 3.60 for illness-related absences; DIDs were statistically significant for illness absences. Among all ages, the risk ratio for influenza hospitalization in program vs. control districts was 0.65 (95% CI 0.55, 0.78) among all ages and 0.71 for adults 65 or older (95% CI 0.57, 0.89). Hospitalization was too rare among elementary aged students to estimate RRs in that group. Conclusion Elementary school-located influenza vaccination increased influenza vaccination and decreased school absence and influenza hospitalization. There was an indirect effect on hospitalization in the elderly and nonelementary aged groups. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Impact of hepatitis B vaccine in Tunisia 20 years after its introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lahchaichi ◽  
M Ben Hadj ◽  
H Bouguerra ◽  
K Talmoudi ◽  
A Bahrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Vaccination against hepatitis B represents the most effective preventive measure to reduce the global impact of this infection. In Tunisia hepatitis B vaccination was introduced for health professionals in 1992 and for the general population in 1995. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of vaccination twenty years after its introduction. Methods It was a descriptive study of data provided by the national survey of prevalence of Hepatitis B in Tunisia, which was a household-based study conducted in 2015. Blood samples sent to the reference laboratory to test markers of hepatitis B virus infection. The Vaccine effectiveness rate was calculated using the following formula: VE = 1 - Odds-ratio (OR), where OR = ratio of odds of being vaccinated among subjects with positive HBsAg test results to the odds of being vaccinated among subjects with negative HBsAg test results. Results Approximately a quarter of our population reported having been vaccinated against HBV, a coverage rate of 26.9%. Among subjects above 20 years of age, this rate was 85.3%. Besides, 83.7% of vaccinated subjects had received the three required doses of the HBV vaccine. Analysis of vaccination status by great regions of the country showed that the vaccination coverage rate was higher in the southern region. Regarding HBsAg prevalence, the rate was significantly higher among unvaccinated subjects 0.3% vs 2.2% in those vaccinated (OR = 0.11 [0.07-0.18]). We found that among vaccinated subjects, the serologic response rate at vaccination was only 63.2% which represented 16.2% of the total population. The vaccine effectiveness indicated that vaccination reduced by 88.6% the risk of HBV infection. Conclusions These results demonstrate that vaccination against hepatitis B introduced in the national immunization schedule since 1995 has reduced the infection although the vaccination coverage rate remains below 90%. Key messages Importance of vaccination that reduced by 88.6% the risk of HBV infection. More effort required to raise awareness about vaccination against HBV.

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