Response to Comment on “The impact of past vaccination coverage and immunity on pertussis resurgence”

The impact and effectiveness of policies to support collaboration for Research & Development (R&D) and Innovation is critical to determining the success of regional economic development. (O’Kane, 2008) The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the level of success of the Innovation Vouchers Program operated by Invest Northern Ireland (Invest NI) from 2009 to 2013 and address if attitudinal views towards innovation development should play in a role in future policy design in peripheral EU regions.

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The Impact of Bond Rating Changes on Corporate Bond Prices: New Evidence from the Over-the-Counter Market

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1364815 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony D. May

Keyword(s):

Corporate Bond ◽

Bond Prices ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Bond Rating ◽

Rating Changes ◽

The Impact ◽

New Evidence

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The Impact of WIC on Birth Outcomes: New Evidence from South Carolina Births

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2599766 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Lyudmyla Sonchak

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

The Impact ◽

New Evidence

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Does Board Independence Increase Firm Value? Evidence from Closed-End Funds

Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis ◽

10.1017/s0022109019000929 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Matthew E. Souther

Keyword(s):

Instrumental Variables ◽

Firm Value ◽

Board Independence ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Closed End Funds ◽

The Impact ◽

New Evidence

Researchers disagree about the impact of board independence on firm value. The disagreement generally stems from the endogenous nature of board appointments. I add new evidence to this discussion by using a sample of closed-end funds to document the value-enhancing effects of independent boards. Using cross-sectional, difference-in-differences, and instrumental variables techniques, I address these endogeneity concerns and find consistent evidence that board independence is associated with higher firm value.

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The impact of order flow on event study returns: New evidence from zero-leverage firms

The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance ◽

10.1016/j.qref.2021.04.014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 627-634

Author(s):

Sijia Zhang ◽

Andros Gregoriou

Keyword(s):

Event Study ◽

Order Flow ◽

The Impact ◽

New Evidence

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MODELING THE IMPACT OF AWARENESS CREATED BY MEDIA CAMPAIGNS ON VACCINATION COVERAGE IN A VARIABLE POPULATION

Journal of Biological System ◽

10.1142/s0218339014400051 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (02) ◽

pp. 249-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

ANUPAMA SHARMA ◽

A. K. MISRA

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Total Population ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Preventive Strategy ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Media Campaigns ◽

Model Stability ◽

The Impact

Vaccines are a core component of any preventive strategy designed to ensure the global public health. A major factor influencing the successful implementation of any immunization program is awareness and public acceptance of the vaccine. The present study focuses on potential impacts of awareness created by media campaigns on vaccination coverage of hepatitis B. In this paper, a SIR model with vital dynamics in a population of varying size is investigated, which couples hepatitis B vaccination and awareness created by media within a single framework. It is assumed that media campaigns propagate awareness about measures requisite for escaping the chances of contracting hepatitis B. The awareness created by media motivates people to get vaccinated and attain full immunization against hepatitis B virus. For analyzing the model, stability theory of differential equations is employed. First, equilibria of the system comprising fractions of the population are obtained and their stability behavior is discussed. Then the asymptotic behavior of total population is discussed in detail. Three threshold parameters R0, R1and R2governing the dynamics of infection and total population are also affirmed. The findings of numerical simulations are also in line with analytically obtained results.

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Vaccine Coverage Across the Life Course in Michigan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: January–September 2020

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.2021.306474 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e1-e9

Author(s):

Angela K. Shen ◽

Cristi A. Bramer ◽

Lynsey M. Kimmins ◽

Robert Swanson ◽

Patricia Vranesich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Local Health ◽

Immunization Registry ◽

Immunization Services ◽

Vaccines For Children ◽

The Life Course ◽

The Impact

Objectives. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immunization services across the life course. Methods. In this retrospective study, we used Michigan immunization registry data from 2018 through September 2020 to assess the number of vaccine doses administered, number of sites providing immunization services to the Vaccines for Children population, provider location types that administer adult vaccines, and vaccination coverage for children. Results. Of 12 004 384 individual vaccine doses assessed, 48.6%, 15.6%, and 35.8% were administered to children (aged 0–8 years), adolescents (aged 9–18 years), and adults (aged 19–105 years), respectively. Doses administered overall decreased beginning in February 2020, with peak declines observed in April 2020 (63.3%). Overall decreases in adult doses were observed in all settings except obstetrics and gynecology provider offices and pharmacies. Local health departments reported a 66.4% decrease in doses reported. For children, the total number of sites administering pediatric vaccines decreased while childhood vaccination coverage decreased 4.4% overall and 5.8% in Medicaid-enrolled children. Conclusions. The critical challenge is to return to prepandemic levels of vaccine doses administered as well as to catch up individuals for vaccinations missed. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print October 7, 2021: e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306474 )

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Effect of COVID-19 on vaccination coverage in Brazil

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.001466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Marcelle Moura Silveira ◽

Neida Lucia Conrad ◽

Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Physical Distance ◽

Disease Notification ◽

Notification System ◽

Vaccination Programs ◽

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽

Antigen Vaccine ◽

Restricted Mobility ◽

Consistent Information ◽

The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, recommendations for maintaining physical distance, restricted mobility measures, as well as fear of mass transmission by going to health centers have significantly contributed to the general vaccination coverage, which by and large is decreasing worldwide; thus, favoring the potential re-emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases. In this study, we have used the existing data on vaccination coverage during the pre-pandemic (2019) as well as the pandemic (2020) period to evaluate the impact of coronavirus outbreaks during the vaccination drive in Brazil. Furthermore, we have accumulated data since 2015 among the different regions of the country to acquire more consistent information. The various vaccines analyzed in our study were meningococcal C conjugate, Triple antigen vaccine, 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate, and BCG; subsequently, the data were obtained from the National Disease Notification System. This study revealed that the ongoing immunization drive saw a steep decline of around 10 to 20% during the (2019–2020) pandemic period in Brazil. These results provide strong evidence towards the decreasing trends following the vaccination programs during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Brazil. Furthermore, our results also highlight the importance of adopting widespread multi-component interventions to improve vaccination uptake rates.

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Institutional Quality and Sustainable Development of Industries’ Exports: Evidence from China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10114173 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 4173 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Feifei Wu ◽

Xinyu Yan

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Institutional Environment ◽

Institutional Quality ◽

Emerging Countries ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Continuous Release ◽

Comparative Advantages ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

The Impact ◽

New Evidence

The knowledge about the relations between domestic institutional quality and the sustainable development of exports in emerging markets remains limited, since most research into the relations between the institutional environment and the sustainable development of exports has been conducted in developed market economies, especially in those of North America and Europe. With dynamic changes in the institutional environment of emerging countries over the years, this paper provides a novel perspective for investigating the relations above. This is the first paper to investigate the impact of institutional quality on the sustainable development of industries’ exports in emerging countries from a comprehensive perspective of multiple institutional environments and multi-dimensional industries’ heterogeneity. On the basis of defining institutional quality and industry heterogeneity, this paper explores the underlying mechanisms of institutional quality affecting sustainable development of industries’ exports and conducts empirical analyses by using the data from China’s 20 industries’ exports to 117 countries for the period of 1996–2011. The results show that: (a) Industries with higher degrees of financial dependence or higher product technical complexities have export comparative advantages in better financial environments; (b) Industries with higher research and development (R&D) intensity or a higher concentration of intermediate inputs have export comparative advantages in better legal environments; (c) The differences in the level of financial development or in the efficiency of legal system would influence the effects of interactions between institutional quality and industry heterogeneity on the sustainable development of industries’ exports. The present paper provides new evidence that institutional quality does promote the sustainable development of industries’ exports in emerging countries. These results indicate that exports of heterogeneous industries in emerging economies are an adaptive response to the specific institutional environment, as well as a continuous release of institutional dividends with the improvement of the institutional environment.

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