Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Pacemaker Lead Trajectory From Orthogonal Chest X-Rays: A Proof of Concept

Abstract Background The Taylor spatial frame offered the ability of simultaneous correction of the multidirectional deformities without the need of change the frame, and it was widely used for limb lengthening, deformity correction and fracture reduction in recent years. There are still some inherent limitations which can affect the accuracy of correction, especially for the measurement of the mounting and rotational parameters. The purpose of our study was to perform precise postoperative measurement of Taylor spatial frame (TSF) parameters by application of elliptic registration and three-dimensional reconstruction.Methods This retrospectively study included 28 trauma patients who suffered tibial fracture treated by the TSF at our institution from January 2016 to January 2018, including 25 males and 3 females with a mean age of 43 years (range 14–70 years). We conducted standard full-length anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of the injured extremity and the computed tomographic scans of the bilateral extremities after operation. Elliptic registration and 3D reconstruction were used to calculated the parameters by two types of software Mimics and CorelDRAW. Correction of the deformity was conducted by adjusting the struts of the TSF according to the electronic prescription. The standard anteroposterior and lateral X-rays after correction were taken to evaluate the effectiveness.Results All patients acquired functional reduction which was evaluated by digital radiography. The mean coronal plane translation(1.9 ± 2.2 mm), coronal plane angulation(1.2 ± 1.0°), sagittal plane translation(2.7 ± 2.1 mm) and sagittal plane angulation(1.2 ± 1.0°) after correction were all less than those(5.5 ± 4.6 mm, 4.9 ± 3.9°, 4.7 ± 4.0 mm, 2.7 ± 2.3°) before correction.Conclusions The TSF system can precise correct the 6-axis deformities simultaneously with the accurate parameters. Application of elliptic registration and three-dimensional reconstruction can precisely measure the TSF parameters, especially for the mounting and the rotational parameters.

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Methods for three-dimensional reconstruction of cellular components within a thick section

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141871 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 18-21

Author(s):

J. Frank ◽

B. F. McEwen ◽

M. Radermacher ◽

C. L. Rieder

Keyword(s):

Tilt Angle ◽

Tomographic Reconstruction ◽

3D Structure ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Thick Section ◽

Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Axis Ratio ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Cellular Components

The tomographic reconstruction from multiple projections of cellular components, within a thick section, offers a way of visualizing and quantifying their three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, asymmetric objects require as many views from the widest tilt range as possible; otherwise the reconstruction may be uninterpretable. Even if not for geometric obstructions, the increasing pathway of electrons, as the tilt angle is increased, poses the ultimate upper limitation to the projection range. With the maximum tilt angle being fixed, the only way to improve the faithfulness of the reconstruction is by changing the mode of the tilting from single-axis to conical; a point within the object projected with a tilt angle of 60° and a full 360° azimuthal range is then reconstructed as a slightly elliptic (axis ratio 1.2 : 1) sphere.

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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Native Androctonus Australis Hemocyanin

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100181014 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 452-453

Author(s):

Nicolas Boisset ◽

Jean-Christophe Taveau ◽

Jean Lamy ◽

Terence Wagenknecht ◽

Michael Radermacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Solid Body ◽

Body Surface ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Staining Technique ◽

Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

View Reconstruction ◽

Surface Representations ◽

Top View

Hemocyanin, the respiratory pigment of the scorpion Androctonus australis is composed of 24 kidney shaped subunits. A model of architecture supported by many indirect arguments has been deduced from electron microscopy (EM) and immuno-EM. To ascertain, the disposition of the subunits within the oligomer, the 24mer was submitted to three-dimensional reconstruction by the method of single-exposure random-conical tilt series.A sample of native hemocyanin, prepared with the double layer negative staining technique, was observed by transmisson electron microscopy under low-dose conditions. Six 3D-reconstructions were carried out indenpendently from top, side and 45°views. The results are composed of solid-body surface representations, and slices extracted from the reconstruction volume.The main two characters of the molecule previously reported by Van Heel and Frank, were constantly found in the solid-body surface representations. These features are the presence of two different faces called flip and flop and a rocking of the molecule around an axis passing through diagonnally opposed hexamers. Furthermore, in the solid-body surface of the top view reconstruction, the positions and orientations of the bridges connecting the half molecules were found in excellent agreement with those predicted by the model.

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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Two Forms of the Chaperonin GRO EL

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100180045 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 258-259

Author(s):

J.L. Carrascosa ◽

G. Abella ◽

S. Marco ◽

M. Muyal ◽

J.M. Carazo

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

The Other ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Series Method ◽

Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Structural Components ◽

E Coli ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Morphogenetic Factors ◽

Tilt Series

Chaperonins are a class of proteins characterized by their role as morphogenetic factors. They trantsiently interact with the structural components of certain biological aggregates (viruses, enzymes etc), promoting their correct folding, assembly and, eventually transport. The groEL factor from E. coli is a conspicuous member of the chaperonins, as it promotes the assembly and morphogenesis of bacterial oligomers and/viral structures.We have studied groEL-like factors from two different bacteria:E. coli and B.subtilis. These factors share common morphological features , showing two different views: one is 6-fold, while the other shows 7 morphological units. There is also a correlation between the presence of a dominant 6-fold view and the fact of both bacteria been grown at low temperature (32°C), while the 7-fold is the main view at higher temperatures (42°C). As the two-dimensional projections of groEL were difficult to interprete, we studied their three-dimensional reconstruction by the random conical tilt series method from negatively stained particles.

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