Pathomorphological changes in the early postnatal period in a calf with abomasum rupture

The main cause of the disease and death of calves in the early postembryonic period of development is a feeding disorder. The aim of the work was to analyze macro-and micromorphological changes in the digestive system of a calf with a rennet rupture. To achieve this goal, standard macro-and microscopic research methods were used. Macroscopic examination revealed thickening, erosion of the mucous membrane of the esophageal gutter rollers, accumulation of contents in the scar, mesh and book, hyperemia of the mucous membranes; thinning and rupture of the rennet wall; pronounced hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, thickening of the mucous membrane of the thick section; an increase in mesenteric lymph nodes and a change in their consistency. Microscopically, the thickness of the epithelium, submucosal and muscle layer is most developed in the abomasum and was, respectively, 0.68-0.72 mm, 0.23-0.32 mm and 0.98-1.05 mm. Villi were found in the folds of the scar, numerous well – developed longitudinally oriented protrusions were found in the book, lymphocellular clusters and bottom glands were found in the rennet; folds with well – developed crypts were found in the colon. Thus, as a result of feeding coarse feed, the deceased calf has catarrhal erosive lesions of the esophageal trough; serous-catarrhal abomasitis with signs of hemorrhagic with dilation and perforation in the cardiac part; hemorrhagic omasitis against the background of a book blockage; catarrhal reticulitis; catarrhal ruminitis and catarrhal enterocolitis.

3D Permeability of Thick-Section Glass Fabric Reinforced Polymer Composite by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion Molding

Determination of permeability of thick-section glass fabric preforms with fabric layers of different architectures is critical for manufacturing large, thick composite structures with complex geometry, such as wind turbine blades. The thick-section reinforcement permeability is inherently three-dimensional and needs to be obtained for accurate composite processing modeling and analysis. Numerical simulation of the liquid stage of vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) is important to advance the composite manufacturing process and reduce processing-induced defects. In this research, the 3D permeability of thick-section E-glass fabric reinforcement preforms is determined and the results are validated by a comparison between flow front progressions from experiments and from numerical simulations using ANSYS Fluent software. The orientation of the principal permeability axes were unknown prior to experiments. The approach used in this research differs from those in literature in that the through-thickness permeability is determined as a function of flow front positions along the principal axes and the in-plane permeabilities and is not dependent on the inlet radius. The approach was tested on reinforcements with fabric architectures which vary through-the-thickness direction, such as those in a spar cap of a wind turbine blade. The computational simulations of the flow-front progression through-the-thickness were consistent with experimental observations.

Petroleum occurrences in the Mount Diablo area, California

ABSTRACT Mount Diablo is flanked on its northeast side by a thick section of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks, which produced small hydrocarbon accumulations in the Los Medanos, Willow Pass, Mulligan Hill, and Concord gas fields. The first well was drilled in 1864, and today most of the active wells on the northeast flank are used for gas storage by Pacific Gas and Electric Company. These fields, which also include the Brentwood oil field, lie to the northeast of Mount Diablo and have produced 6.4 million cubic meters (225 billion cubic feet) of natural gas and over 57 million cubic meters (9.1 million barrels) of oil. The main reservoirs for the Sacramento Basin are sandstones in the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene section. The source rock there is primarily from the Upper Cretaceous Dobbins Shale, which began generation 75 m.y. ago, and the Winters Shale, which began generation 35 m.y. ago. The Livermore Basin is located on the western and southwestern sides of the mountain. The only commercial field in that basin is the small Livermore oil field. This field produces primarily from Miocene sandstones. The Livermore Basin is a Neogene basin that was syntectonically formed in the last few million years and continues to grow today. Studies of the black oils found in the Livermore field show that the source rock is likely the Eocene Nortonville Shale, though the Upper Cretaceous Moreno shale is also considered to be a possible source. The Livermore field has produced 12 million cubic meters of oil (1.9 million barrels).