The Characteristics of PV module under the Partial Shading Condition and with a Failure of Bypass Diode with Short

A Photovoltaic (PV) cell is a device that converts sunlight or incident light into direct current (DC) based electricity. Among other forms of renewable energy, PV-based power sources are considered a cleaner form of energy generation. Due to lower prices and increased efficiency, they have become much more popular than any other renewable energy source. In a PV module, PV cells are connected in a series and parallel configuration, depending on the voltage and current rating, respectively. Hence, PV modules tend to have a fixed topology. However, in the case of partial shading, mismatching or failure of a single PV cell can lead to many anomalies in a PV module’s functioning. If proper attention is not given, it can lead to the forward biasing of healthy PV cells in the module, causing them to consume the electricity instead of producing it, hence reducing the PV module’s overall efficiency. Hence, to further the PV module research, it is essential to have an approximate way to model them. Doing so allows for understanding the design’s pros and cons before deploying the PV module-based power system in the field. In the last decade, many mathematical models for PV cell simulation and modeling techniques have been proposed. The most popular among all the techniques are diode based PV modeling. In this book chapter, the author will present a double diode based PV cell modeling. Later, the PV module modeling will be presented using these techniques that incorporate mismatch, partial shading, and open/short fault. The partial shading and mismatch are reduced by incorporating a bypass diode along with a group of four PV cells. The mathematical model for showing the effectiveness of bypass diode with PV cells in reducing partial shading effect will also be presented. Additionally, in recent times besides fixed topology of series–parallel, Total Cross-Tied (TCT), Bridge Link (BL), and Honey-Comb (H-C) have shown a better capability in dealing with partial shading and mismatch. The book chapter will also cover PV module modeling using TCT, BL, and H-C in detail.

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A Simple Mismatch Mitigating Partial Power Processing Converter for Solar PV Modules

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2308

Author(s):

Kamran Ali Khan Niazi ◽

Yongheng Yang ◽

Tamas Kerekes ◽

Dezso Sera

Keyword(s):

Experimental Tests ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Power Electronic ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Loss Analysis ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Pv Module ◽

Pv Modules ◽

In Series

Partial shading affects the energy harvested from photovoltaic (PV) modules, leading to a mismatch in PV systems and causing energy losses. For this purpose, differential power processing (DPP) converters are the emerging power electronic-based topologies used to address the mismatch issues. Normally, PV modules are connected in series and DPP converters are used to extract the power from these PV modules by only processing the fraction of power called mismatched power. In this work, a switched-capacitor-inductor (SCL)-based DPP converter is presented, which mitigates the non-ideal conditions in solar PV systems. A proposed SCL-based DPP technique utilizes a simple control strategy to extract the maximum power from the partially shaded PV modules by only processing a fraction of the power. Furthermore, an operational principle and loss analysis for the proposed converter is presented. The proposed topology is examined and compared with the traditional bypass diode technique through simulations and experimental tests. The efficiency of the proposed DPP is validated by the experiment and simulation. The results demonstrate the performance in terms of higher energy yield without bypassing the low-producing PV module by using a simple control. The results indicate that achieved efficiency is higher than 98% under severe mismatch (higher than 50%).

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A dsPIC Microcontroller Based System Identification of Positive Output Buck Boost Converter for Module Mismatch Application

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.106 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 785 ◽

pp. 106-110

Author(s):

M.N.M. Hussain ◽

Ahmad Maliki Omar ◽

Intan Rahayu Ibrahim ◽

Kamarulazhar Daud

Keyword(s):

Direct Method ◽

Low Cost ◽

Digital Signal ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Identification System ◽

Pv System ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Single Output ◽

Pv Module ◽

Power Point

An identification system of multiple-input single-output (MISO) model is developed in controlling dsPIC microcontroller of positive output buck-boost (POBB) converters for module mismatch condition of photovoltaic (PV) system. In particular, the possibility of the scheme is to resolve the mismatch losses from the PV module either during shading or mismatch module occurrences. The MPPT algorithm is simplified by identification approach of indirect incorporated with a simple incremental direct method to form a combined direct and indirect (CoDId) algorithms. Irregular consumption of solar irradiation on a PV module shall step-up or step down the voltage regarding to the desired DC output voltage of POBB converter. This optimized algorithm will ensure that the PV module to kept at maximum power point (MPP), preventing power loss during module mismatch incident in PV module especially during partial shading condition. The simulation and laboratory results for PV module of polycrystalline Mitsubishi PV-AE125MF5N indicate that the proposed model and development of PV system architecture performs well, while the efficiency up to 97.7% at critical of low solar irradiance level. The controlling signal is based on low-cost embedded microcontroller of dsPIC30F Digital Signal Control (DSC).

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Series Resistance Change by Partial Shading in a-Si Thin Film Photovoltaic(PV) Module

Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers ◽

10.4313/jkem.2010.23.11.901 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 901-905

Author(s):

Jun-Oh Shin ◽

Tae-Hee Jung ◽

Tae-Bum Kim ◽

Sung-Chul Woo ◽

Na-Ri Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Series Resistance ◽

Resistance Change ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Pv Module ◽

Si Thin Film

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MPPT of PV System Under Partial Shading Conditions Based on Bio-inspired Swarm Intelligence Technique

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202129701051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 297 ◽

pp. 01051

Author(s):

Mohammed Agdam ◽

Abdallah Asbayou ◽

Mustapha Elyaqouti ◽

Ahmed Ihlal ◽

Khaled Assalaou

Keyword(s):

Swarm Intelligence ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Pv System ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Matlab Simulink ◽

Photovoltaic Modules ◽

Pv Module ◽

Maximum Current ◽

Maximum Voltage ◽

Intelligence Technique

To respond to the increase in demand for electricity, the use of photovoltaics is growing considerably as it produces electrical energy without polluting the environment. In addition, to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic modules, an MPPT algorithm is required to follow the maximum voltage and maximum current in the IV curve. This technique can be achieved by using a DC-DC converter. For this purpose, various MPPT techniques have been developed. The combination of MPPT and DC-DC converter is implemented using Matlab/Simulink and connected to a modelled PV module to validate the simulation.

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Design of Photovoltaic System with Different Power Point Tracking Techniques for on-Grid Applications

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.f6988.038620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 213-219

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Incident Angle ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

High Power Conversion Efficiency ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Point Tracking ◽

Power Point Tracking ◽

Pv Module ◽

Power Point ◽

Continuous Power

In India, solar energy meets consumer energy demand and majority of the plants are grid connected. Solar power is mainly depending on two factors, which are sun ray’s incident angle and change of environment conditions. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) module is necessary to maximize the extraction of PV power under partial shading conditions. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the design and implementation of 5MW solar plant with different power tracking techniques. In addition, the detailed explanation of various materials used to design the PV module is illustrated. This paper also describes the two types of solar rating panels that are used to get high power conversion efficiency as well as continuous power supply along with that the plant cost, monthly and yearly power production and corresponding efficiency is calculated.

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