The sensor networks are characterized by tiny, inexpensive, and advanced communication technology. However, wireless ad-hoc sensor networks (WASNs) have some issues such as the limited amount of energy, multipath fading, and some other issues when they applied in disaster situations. For reducing power consumption, we show mathematical analysis of energy saving, and enhanced error symbol probability. The simulation results prove our analysis. As for the multipath fading, we also show the mathematical analysis of fading channel characteristics and channel model, as well as how to mitigate the multipath fading by modulation and diversity techniques. From the simulation results, we prove the proposed system with amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying can achieve a 2.5 dB performance gain the BER 10<sup>-4</sup> whereas the achievable improvement is almost a 4 dB at the BER 10<sup>-5</sup> when using maximal ratio combining.
Analysis on MIMO Transmit Diversity Techniques for Ship Ad-hoc Network under a Maritime Channel Model in Coastline Areas