Performance evaluation of wireless local area network with congested fading channels

The IEEE 802.11ay wireless communication standard consents gadgets to link in the spectrum of millimeter wave (mm-Wave) 60 Giga Hertz band through 100 Gbps bandwidth. The development of promising high bandwidth in communication networks is a must as QoS, throughput and error rates of bandwidth-intensive applications like merged reality (MR), artificial intelligence (AI) related apps or wireless communication boggling exceed the extent of the chronic 802.11 standard established in 2012. Thus, the IEEE 802.11ay task group committee has newly amended recent physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) blueprints to guarantee a technical achievement especially in link delay on multipath fading channels (MPFC). However, due to the congestion of super bandwidth intensive apps such as IoT and big data, we propose to diversify a propagation delay to practical extension. This article then focuses on a real-world situation and how the IEEE 802.11ay design is affected by the performance of mm-Wave propagation. In specific, we randomize the unstable MPFC link capacity by taking the divergence of congested network parameters into account. The efficiency of congested MPFC-based wireless network is simulated and confirmed by advancements described in the standard.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FILTER BANK MULTI-CARRIER MODULATION IN MULTIPATH FADING CHANNELS

Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) modulation is one of the most significant enablers for future 5G technologies. It is a modulation technique for resolving inter-carrier and inter-symbol interference using two possible methods: Frequency Spreading (FS) and Poly Phase (PP) implementation. Cyclic prefixes are used in OFDM for signal robustness, but they have some disadvantages in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. FBMC is used to solve the disadvantages of OFDM and save a bandwidth. In this paper, performance comparisons in terms of symbol error rate between OFDM and FBMC systems in AWGN and multipath fading channels are presented. The obtained results show that FBMC over performs OFDM in multipath fading channels and the improvement margin is increased as the number of subcarriers decreased.

Future OFDM-based Communication Systems Towards 6G and Beyond: Machine Learning Approaches

The vision towards 6G and beyond communication systems demands higher rate transmission, massive amount of data processing, and low latency communication. Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (OFDM) has been adopted in the current 5G networks and has become one of the potential candidates for the future communication systems. Although OFDM offers many benefits including high spectrum efficiency and high robustness against the multipath fading channels, it has major challenges such as frequency offset and high Peak to Power Ratio (PAPR). In 5G communication network, there is a significant increase in the number of sensors and other low-power devices where users or devices may create large amount of connection and dynamic data processing. In order to deal with the increasingly complex communication network, Machine Learning (ML) has been increasingly utilised to create intelligent and more efficient communication network. This paper discusses challenges and the impacts of embedding ML in OFDM-based communication systems.

DEVELOPMENT OF LOCATION ESTIMATION ALGORITHM UTILIZING RSSI FOR LORA POSITIONING SYSTEM

LoRa is identified as Long-Range low power network technology for Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) usage. Nowadays, Global Positioning System (GPS) is an important system which is used for location and navigation predominantly used in outdoor but less accurate in indoor environment. Most of LoRa technology have been used on the internet-of-things (ioT) but very few use it as localization system. In this project, a GPS-less solution is proposed where LoRa Positioning System was developed which consists of LoRa transmitter, LoRa transceiver and LoRa receiver. The system has been developed by collecting the RSSI which is then used for the distance estimation. Next, Kalman filter with certain model has been implemented to overcome the effect of multipath fading especially for indoor environment and the trilateration technique is applied to estimate the location of the user. Both distribution estimation results for Line-Of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) condition were analyzed. Then, the comparison RMSE achievement is analyzed between the trilateration and with the Kalman Filter. GPS position also were collected as comparison to the LoRa based positioning. Lastly, the Cumulative Density Function (CDF) shows 90% of the localization algorithm error for LOS is lower than 0.82 meters while for NLOS is 1.17 meters.

Techno-Economic Analysis of the Hybrid Solar PV/H/Fuel Cell Based Supply Scheme for Green Mobile Communication

Hydrogen has received tremendous global attention as an energy carrier and an energy storage system. Hydrogen carrier introduces a power to hydrogen (P2H), and power to hydrogen to power (P2H2P) facility to store the excess energy in renewable energy storage systems, with the facts of large-scale storage capacity, transportability, and multiple utilities. This work examines the techno-economic feasibility of hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)/hydrogen/fuel cell-powered cellular base stations for developing green mobile communication to decrease environmental degradation and mitigate fossil-fuel crises. Extensive simulation is carried out using a hybrid optimization model for electric rnewables (HOMER) optimization tool to evaluate the optimal size, energy production, total production cost, per unit energy production cost, and emission of carbon footprints subject to different relevant system parameters. In addition, the throughput, and energy efficiency performance of the wireless network is critically evaluated with the help of MATLAB-based Monte-Carlo simulations taking multipath fading, system bandwidth, transmission power, and inter-cell interference (ICI) into consideration. Results show that a more stable and reliable green solution for the telecommunications sector will be the macro cellular basis stations driven by the recommended hybrid supply system. The hybrid supply system has around 17% surplus electricity and 48.1 h backup capacity that increases the system reliability by maintaining a better quality of service (QoS). To end, the outcomes of the suggested system are compared with the other supply scheme and the previously published research work for justifying the validity of the proposed system.

A Novel PM-OFDM-CDMA System for 5G Wireless Communication with High Capacity and Low Energy Consumption

Phase Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (PM-OFDM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) have distinctive advantages. On one hand, PM-OFDM is an attractive technique to combat multipath fading and reduce high PAPR in conventional OFDM. On the other hand, CDMA has the ability to serve multiple users at the same time and/or frequency. In this article, a new PM-OFDM-CDMA system that combines PM-OFDM and CDMA is proposed. The idea behind the proposed technique is to combine the advantages of these techniques in order to enhance the performance of the 5G system by serving multiple users simultaneously. The performance of the proposed system is analysed in terms of BER under different channel conditions. A Minimum Mean Square Equaliser (MMSE) scheme is used in order to avoid the effect of multipath effect and noise simultaneously. From the simulation results, we conclude that the proposed system has good performance that can improve 5G wireless communication networks, especially for battery-powered mobile devices. This amounts to the constant envelope of the proposed waveform which generates constant instantaneous power and therefore reduced PAPR.

A High Speed Underwater Wireless Communication Through a Novel Hybrid Opto-Acoustic Modem Using MIMO-OFDM

For efficient underwater opto/acoustic communication, this research proposes the use of MIMO in conjunction with OFDM. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems may be widely used in wireless networks to provide high data transfer rates, resistance to multipath fading, and an increase in the channel's Spatial Multiplexing and Spatial Diversity Gain. Transmission speed can be increased by altering bandwidth or spectral efficiency (or both) in wireless data transmission systems. Systems that use Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) technologies have the potential to improve spectral efficiency by employing several transmitters and receivers in tandem. To maximize spectrum efficiency and minimize inter-symbol interference, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) divides signals into a number of narrow band channels (ISI). In other words, combining the benefits of MIMO with OFDM will boost spectral efficiency while also increasing the link's dependability and spectral gain. MIMO and OFDM approaches are integrated in this research to increase opto-acoustic modem performance. MATLAB Simulink tool was used to design and simulate the proposed hybrid opto-acoustic modem with MIMO-OFDM for optical and acoustic (EM) signal transmission and reception. The simulation results verify the viability of the proposed method, and the measured bit-error rate (BER) for acoustic (EM) signal is 0.4958 and optical signal is 0.5101. The overall bandwidth of the system is from -150 MHz to +150 MHz.

Study of Modulation Schemes over a Multipath Fading Channels

Communications systems concerted over wireless channels depend on the environment. Communications system can be more reliable and efficient by properly analyzing wireless channels. Today's most important features are a high data rate and reliable performance to exploiting viable networks during this new information age. The channel is not time-invariant in wireless communication, so the received signal exhibits amplitude, phase, and angle variations due to multipath fading. Increasing data rates and reducing bandwidth make Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) an important component of wireless communication systems. The OFDM technique uses many carriers very efficiently. With this scheme, interference is robustly reduced, and fading scenarios are easily accommodated. Analyzing digital modulation schemes requires evaluating link performance with fading channels. The paper compares channel performance over varying fading environments using a variety of modulation schemes. We study the BER and SNR properties of the AWGN, Rician fading and Rayleigh fading channels modulated with BPSK, QPSK, and M-ary QAM.

Performance Analysis of Associate Radix-2, Radix- 4 and Radix-8 based FFT using Folding Technique

: In recent years, as a result of advancing VLSI technology, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has received a great deal of attention and has been adopted in many new generation wideband data communication systems such as IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.16e, HiPerLAN/2, Digital Audio/Video Broadcasting (DAB/DVB), and for 4G Radio mobile communications. This is because of its high bandwidth efficiency as the use of orthogonal waveforms with overlapping spectra. The immunity to multipath fading channel and the capability for parallel signal processing make it a promising candidate for the next generation mobile communication systems. The modulation and demodulation of OFDM based communication systems can be efficiently implemented with an FFT and IFFT, which has made the FFT valuable for those communication systems. The complexity of an OFDM system highly depends upon the computation of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. With the advent of new technology in the fields of VLSI and communication, there is also an ever growing demand for high speed processing and low area design. It is also a well-known fact that the multiplier unit forms an integral part of processor design. Due to this regard, high speed multiplier architectures become the need of the day.