scholarly journals Genital Wart during Pregnancy: A Rare Case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Verma ◽  
Pragya Shree ◽  
Shweta Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Benign Lesion ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Condyloma Acuminata ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Vaginal Secretions ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
In Pregnancy

Condyloma Acuminata (CA) or wart is a benign lesion which is caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) type-6 or type-11 infection. During pregnancy, condyloma has a tendency to proliferate and may have recurrence. This is because during pregnancy physiological changes takes place to the external genitalia and immunological effects during pregnancy promote HPV replication, and increased vaginal secretions contacting the skin and mucous membranes in pregnancy also lead to proliferation of CA in pregnancy. A 25-year-old primigravida presented to our hospital at 36 weeks pregnancy with extensive genital warts. These lesions regressed itself one month postpartum and remained only on vulva. Podophyllum resin application was planned for remaining lesions two months postpartum. The few treatments that have been tested and recommended for use in pregnancy are Bi and Tri Chloro Acetic Acid (BCA/TCA) application, cryotherapy, electrocautery and surgical excision, including laser treatment.

scholarly journals Surgical Management of Giant Genital Condyloma Acuminata by Using Double Keystone Flaps

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Peri Eriad Yunir ◽  
Chaidir A. Mochtar ◽  
Agus Rizal A. H. Hamid ◽  
Chaula L. Sukasah ◽  
Rainy Umbas
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Condyloma Acuminata ◽  
Split Thickness Skin Graft ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Thickness Skin

Condyloma acuminata in the external genitalia (genital warts) is a sexually transmitted disease that is often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). We report a case of giant genital condyloma acuminata in a 35-year-old male patient with HIV comorbidity treated by wide surgical excision. Excision defect was covered with split thickness skin graft (STSG) and double keystone flaps. There was no complication after surgery. Ten months following surgery, there was no new condyloma lesion and the patient had normal voiding and erectile functions.

Observational Management of Genital Warts in Pregnancy

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Hollwitz ◽  
F Rinnau ◽  
KU Petry ◽  
P Hillemanns
Keyword(s):  
Genital Warts ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pharmacokinetics, Placental and Breast Milk Transfer of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant and Lactating Women Living with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Hodel ◽  
C. Marzolini ◽  
C. Waitt ◽  
N. Rakhmanina
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Drug Transporters ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background:Remarkable progress has been achieved in the identification of HIV infection in pregnant women and in the prevention of vertical HIV transmission through maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART) and neonatal antiretroviral drug (ARV) prophylaxis in the last two decades. Millions of women globally are receiving combination ART throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding, periods associated with significant biological and physiological changes affecting the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ARVs. The objective of this review was to summarize currently available knowledge on the PK of ARVs during pregnancy and transport of maternal ARVs through the placenta and into the breast milk. We also summarized main safety considerations for in utero and breast milk ARVs exposures in infants.Methods:We conducted a review of the pharmacological profiles of ARVs in pregnancy and during breastfeeding obtained from published clinical studies. Selected maternal PK studies used a relatively rich sampling approach at each ante- and postnatal sampling time point. For placental and breast milk transport of ARVs, we selected the studies that provided ratios of maternal to the cord (M:C) plasma and breast milk to maternal plasma (M:P) concentrations, respectively.Results:We provide an overview of the physiological changes during pregnancy and their effect on the PK parameters of ARVs by drug class in pregnancy, which were gathered from 45 published studies. The PK changes during pregnancy affect the dosing of several protease inhibitors during pregnancy and limit the use of several ARVs, including three single tablet regimens with integrase inhibitors or protease inhibitors co-formulated with cobicistat due to suboptimal exposures. We further analysed the currently available data on the mechanism of the transport of ARVs from maternal plasma across the placenta and into the breast milk and summarized the effect of pregnancy on placental and of breastfeeding on mammal gland drug transporters, as well as physicochemical properties, C:M and M:P ratios of individual ARVs by drug class. Finally, we discussed the major safety issues of fetal and infant exposure to maternal ARVs.Conclusions:Available pharmacological data provide evidence that physiological changes during pregnancy affect maternal, and consequently, fetal ARV exposure. Limited available data suggest that the expression of drug transporters may vary throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding thereby possibly impacting the amount of ARV crossing the placenta and secreted into the breast milk. The drug transporter’s role in the fetal/child exposure to maternal ARVs needs to be better understood. Our analysis underscores the need for more pharmacological studies with innovative study design, sparse PK sampling, improved study data reporting and PK modelling in pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV to optimize their treatment choices and maternal and child health outcomes.

Renal disease in pregnancy

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Kincaid-Smith ◽  
Kenneth Fairley
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
In Pregnancy

There is an intimate relationship between the kidney and pregnancy. Renal plasma flow increases by 50–70% during a normal pregnancy and the glomerular filtration rate by about 50%.1These changes commence in the first trimester and fall in the last trimester reaching normal levels within about four weeks postpartum. These physiological changes are accompanied by striking anatomical changes which consist of dilatation of the ureter, pelvis and calyces, together with an increase in renal parenchymal size. The dilatation i s more marked on the right and may appear in the first trimester. At term, 90% of pregnant women show this change.2

scholarly journals Retroperitoneal pelvic schwannoma in pregnancy: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithya J. ◽  
Banumathy M. ◽  
Radha A.
Keyword(s):  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Spindle Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
In Pregnancy

Solitary nerve sheath tumor such as Benign schwannomas arising in the pelvic retro peritoneum is infrequently reported. Retroperitoneal location accounts for 0.3-3.2% of primary schwannomas. We report a case of benign retroperitoneal pelvic schwannoma in pregnancy that was incidentally diagnosed when it presented with Preterm premature rupture of membranes and mechanical obstruction for labour. She underwent caesarean section and delivered a healthy baby. She was evaluated in the postoperative period by computerized tomography (CT) imaging studies and CT guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was not diagnostic. Complete surgical excision of the tumor was achieved in the postpartum period. The adjacent vascular and urinary channels sustained no injuries and she had no neurologic deficit. Histology revealed spindle cell neoplasm composed of interlacing fascicles and sheets of spindle cell with focal areas of nuclear palisading and thick walled blood vessels. Immunohistochemistry was positive for S 100 suggesting schwannoma. Retroperitoneal location of schwannomas is rare and surgery is curative. Prognosis is good, since recurrence is rare. 

scholarly journals Mishaps of Larynx in Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
Ankit Jain ◽  
Nupur Kapoor Nerurkar ◽  
Binhi H Desai
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Antenatal Period ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Pregnancy leading to hoarseness and stridor is not uncommon. It is usually a consequence of associated physiological changes and hence, reverts back to normalcy in postpartum. Pregnancy-induced stridor may rarely require a tracheostomy. Such a situation presents many challenges not only during the antenatal period but also during labor and the postpartum period. In this article, we have presented three cases of hoarseness during pregnancy and a discussion on their management with a review of literature. How to cite this article Nerurkar NK, Desai BH, Jain A. Mishaps of Larynx in Pregnancy. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017;7(1):36-38.

scholarly journals Pilomatrixoma, a Rare Mimicker of Male Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Aurela Clark ◽  
Rebecca Leddy ◽  
Laura Spruill ◽  
Abbie Cluver
Keyword(s):  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Male Breast ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Outer Quadrant ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Suspicious Feature

Pilomatrixoma or calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe is a benign skin tumor arising from the hair follicle; breast occurrence is considered a rarity. Clinically presenting as a palpable abnormality and with both benign and malignant mammographic and sonographic features, it can be easily misdiagnosed as a breast neoplasm. We report a very rare case of pilomatrixoma of the male breast in a 36-year-old male presenting with a firm, superficial nodule in the upper outer quadrant. Though the sonographic trifecta of imaging features (shape- margins-orientation/oval, circumscribed mass, parallel to the skin) is consistent with a benign lesion, a histologic diagnosis was warranted based on its most suspicious feature of internal pleomorphic calcifications. Pathologic diagnosis revealed the uncommon benign entity of pilomatrixoma in the male breast. Our patient was recommended for surgical excision based on current literature recommendations for management in most reports of pilomatrixoma. One alternative recommendation presented in a single report of pilomatrixoma in the breast supported follow-up imaging based on benign imaging characteristics.

scholarly journals Hyperlipidemia in pregnancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (19) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjána Ábel ◽  
Anna Blázovics ◽  
Márta Kemény ◽  
Gabriella Lengyel
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
In Pregnancy

Physiological changes in lipoprotein levels occur in normal pregnancy. Women with hyperlipoproteinemia are advised to discontinue statins, fibrates already when they consider pregnancy up to and including breast-feeding the newborn, because of the fear for teratogenic effects. Hypertriglyceridemia in pregnancy can rarely lead to acute pancreatitis. Management of acute pancreatitis in pregnant women is similar to that used in non-pregnant patients. Further large cohort studies are needed to estimate the consequence of supraphysiologic hyperlipoproteinemia or extreme hyperlipoproteinemia in pregnancy on the risk for cardiovascular disease later in life. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 753–757.

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