scholarly journals Clinical and behavioral correlates in adult methamphetamine users with childhood exposure to household drug and alcohol use

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Wanida Rattanasumawong ◽  
Robert T. Malison ◽  
Joel Gelernter ◽  
Yaira Nunez ◽  
Rasmon Kalayasiri

Aims: To describe and compare methamphetamine (MA) users with and without a family history of alcohol or drug () use in the household. Design:  A total of 1144 Thai-speaking MA users in Thailand were recruited for a cohort study. Cross-sectional baseline data were analyzed according to their exposure to FAOD use (FAOD+/FAOD-). The Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA) was utilized to collect baseline socio-demographic information and variables known to be associated with the impact of FAOD use. Findings:  FAOD+ participants had lower average years of education (p<0.01), fewer average months of employment in the past year (p<0.01) and reported higher rates of self-harm experience (p<0.001), gambling (p=0.018) and antisocial personality disorder  (p=0.015). FAOD+ participants had more severe clinical, adverse consequences. FAOD+ significantly predicted episodes of lifetime MA use (R2 =0.004,  p=0.032), the largest number of drinks ever had in a 24-hour period (R2 =0.01, p=0.001), paranoid experiences ([OR]=1.090, p=0.004), alcohol dependence ([OR]=1.112, p=0.001) and antisocial personality disorder ([OR]=1.139, p=0.015). FAOD+ participants who were exposed to alcohol only were more likely to report a significantly higher number of drinks ever had in a 24-hour periods (p<0.005). Similarly, FAOD+ participants who were exposed to MA use only were significantly more likely to report more frequent use of MA (p<0.005). Conclusions:  FAOD+ participants were characterized by a generally more severe clinical presentation than FAOD- participants. Moreover, we show the specificity of drug type mattered, with family exposure of alcohol and MA associated with greater subsequent use of the respective drugs.

1997 ◽  
Vol 154 (12) ◽  
pp. 1771-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Constantino ◽  
Jennifer A. Morris ◽  
Dennis L. Murphy

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Lindberg ◽  
Pekka Tani ◽  
Jan-Henry Stenberg ◽  
Björn Appelberg ◽  
Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen ◽  
...  

AbstractNeurological soft signs (NSS) are characterized by abnormalities in motor, sensory, and integrative functions. NSS have been regarded as a result of neurodevelopmental dysfunction, and as evidence of a central nervous system defect, resulting in considerable sociopsychological dysfunction. During the last decade there has been growing evidence of brain dysfunction in severe aggressive behavior. As a symptom, aggression overlaps a number of psychiatric disorders, but it is commonly associated with antisocial personality disorder. The aim of the present study was to examine NSS in an adult criminal population using the scale by Rossi et al. [29]. Subjects comprised 14 homicidal men with antisocial personality disorder recruited from a forensic psychiatric examination. Ten age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers as well as eight patients with schizophrenia, but no history of physical aggression, served as controls. The NSS scores of antisocial offenders were significantly increased compared with those of the healthy controls, whereas no significant differences were observed between the scores of offenders and those of patients with schizophrenia. It can be speculated that NSS indicate a nonspecific vulnerability factor in several psychiatric syndromes, which are further influenced by a variety of genetic and environmental components. One of these syndromes may be antisocial personality disorder with severe aggression.


2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Ronchetti ◽  
Gabriel José Chittó Gauer ◽  
Sílvio Vasconcellos ◽  
Leonardo Machado da Silva ◽  
Guinter Luhring ◽  
...  

Currently, and throughout the history of mental healthcare, the literature highlights that there is no agreement on the use of the terms "antisocial personality disorder" and "psychopathic personality". This paper aims to promote a debate over these concepts and their evaluation for both adults and adolescents. With this aim, a systematic review was conducted in the MedLine data base between 1968 and March 2011 using the terms "adolescent", "antisocial personality disorder", and "personality assessment". From the 59 identified articles 29 were selected to further analysis. The discussion of these terms was confirmed, as well as the importance of assessing psychopathic traits during adolescence. An initial tendency to disregard the term psychopathy and its affective implications was evidenced. However, the latest psychological instruments return to the discussion regarding the use of this diagnosis and its implications.


2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 797-797
Author(s):  
H. Vaeroy

IntroductionA Norwegian government publication (1) claims a prevalence of around 50% of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) in a small group of male detainees on preventive detention. The present study population is recruited from more or less the same population as those among whom a 50% prevalence of APD has been claimed (1). Norwegian forensic investigators rarely (17%) apply psychometric tools to confirm their clinical diagnosis (2).AimsTo confirm the diagnosis of APD applying SCID axis II. Methods: Fifty six inmates were available at the prison. Twenty eight were willing to participate (50%). Two were excluded. Thus, 26 (46%) inmates participated. DSM IV, SCID axis II was applied.ResultsNone of the 26/56 matched the APD criteria, mainly failing to fulfil the diagnosis of Conduct Disorder (CD) before the age of 15 years. All the inmates had a history of antisocial behaviour.ConclusionsTo explain the claim of around 50% APD in view of the present results, close to 100% APD should be found among the remaning thirty non-participating inmates. We consider this unlikely.A diagnosis of APD based on the history of antisocial behaviour alone represents a pitfall. Lack of quality assurance could lead to false positive diagnosis. The need for a standardized approach and quality assurance in Norwegian forensic psychiatric evaluations seems nevessary to avoid false positive diagnosis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Wojciechowski

Deviant peer association and antisocial personality disorder are risk factors for drug use and violent offending. However, there has yet to be research that focuses on how deviant peer association may moderate the impact of antisocial personality disorder on these outcomes. Data from Wave 10 of the Pathways to Desistance dataset were used in analyses. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate the effects of covariates on violent offending. Ordered logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of covariates on substance use outcomes. Results indicated that deviant peer association moderated the impact of antisocial personality disorder on violent offending frequency and marijuana use frequency. The direction of this interaction effect was positive for marijuana use. The direction of this moderation was negative for violent offending, indicating that antisocial personality disorder–diagnosed individuals commit fewer violent offenses at similar levels of deviant peer association as nonafflicted participants.


2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kumari ◽  
G.H. Gudjonsson ◽  
S. Raghuvanshi ◽  
I. Barkataki ◽  
P. Taylor ◽  
...  

AbstractObjectiveViolent behaviour has been associated with presence of certain mental disorders, most notably antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and schizophrenia, childhood abuse, and multiple brain abnormalities. This study examined for the first time, to the authors’ knowledge, the role of psychosocial deprivation (PSD), including childhood physical and sexual abuse, in structural brain volumes of violent individuals with ASPD or schizophrenia.MethodsFifty-six men (26 with ASPD or schizophrenia and a history of serious violence, 30 non-violent) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and were assessed on PSD. Stereological volumetric brain ratings were examined for group differences and their association with PSD ratings. PSD-brain associations were examined further using voxel-based-morphometry.ResultsThe findings revealed: reduced thalamic volume in psychosocially-deprived violent individuals, relative to non-deprived violent individuals and healthy controls; negative association between thalamic volume and abuse ratings (physical and sexual) in violent individuals; and trend-level negative associations between PSD and hippocampal and prefrontal volumes in non-violent individuals. The voxel-based-morphometry analysis detected a negative association between PSD and localised grey matter volumes in the left inferior frontal region across all individuals, and additionally in the left middle frontal and precentral gyri in non-violent individuals.ConclusionsViolent mentally-disordered individuals with PSD, relative to those with no or minimal PSD, suffer from an additional brain deficit, i.e., reduced thalamic volume; this may affect sensory information processing, and have implications for management, of these individuals. PSD may have a stronger relationship with volumetric loss of stress-linked regions, namely the frontal cortex, in non-violent individuals.


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