INDEMNIFICATION OF OIL SPILL COOPERATIVES DURING THIRD PARTY SPILLS

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 499-501
Author(s):  
L. A. Onstad ◽  
John J. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Contract Negotiations ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Federal Response ◽  
Marine Disasters

ABSTRACT Oil spill cooperatives are generally organized under an agreement that requires a member company to indemnify all other members fully against liability arising from a member company's spill and response actions with cooperative resources. The cooperatives also require the same type of indemnification on the part of nonmembers and third parties. When a major third-party spill occurs in an area where the cooperative's equipment is required, the cooperative can find itself dealing with representatives of shipping companies who are unable or unwilling to commit to required indemnification. At the same time, it is likely to be in the interest of the cooperative (the oil and gas industry) to ensure an adequate response is made. Reverting to federal response under U. S. Cost Guard direction is an option (Section 311[k] Fund), but not preferred. The Coast Guard has been unwilling or unable to establish contractual arrangements before the fact with cooperatives, thus leading to instances of delayed payments, non-allowable costs, and disputes. Protection and indemnification (P&I) clubs, which underwrite the liability insurance of the vessels, are accustomed to dealing with marine disasters and have been asked to review the indemnification requirements of Clean Seas, which are similar to those of other industry cooperatives. The clubs are willing to work with the cooperatives’ requirements to eliminate an inordinate amount of time in contract negotiations during the early hours or days of a spill and to ensure parties do not have to rely upon a federal response. With the acceptance of these requirements by the clubs, it is hoped shipping companies and representatives will be able to enter into contracts or indemnification agreements with cooperatives with full support from the clubs.

Estimation of Ice Load on a Ship Hull Based on Strain Measurements

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt J. Leira ◽  
Lars Bo̸rsheim
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Ship Hull ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Measured Strain ◽  
Vessel Speed

The increased activity related to the oil and gas industry in polar waters implies that proper operation of ships such areas also will be in focus. The loading on a particular ship hull depends strongly on the route selection and vessel speed. Lack of information about the actual ice condition and the corresponding loads acting on the hull is identified to be among the most critical factors when operating in Arctic waters. This implies that there is a challenging interaction between strength-related design rules and schemes for operation of ships in arctic regions. In particular, the possibility of monitoring ice-induced stresses in order to provide assistance in relation to ship manoevering becomes highly relevant. The present paper is concerned with estimation of ice loads acting on the hull of the coast guard vessel KV Svalbard based on strains that were measured during the winter of 2007 as part of a project headed by DNV. Application of a finite element model of the bow structure is also applied in order to correlate the loading with the measured strains. The influence of ice thickness and vessel speed on the measured strain levels is also investigated.

Offshore Oil Spill Incidents: Creating a Database in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Patricia Maggi ◽  
Cláudia do Rosário Vaz Morgado ◽  
João Carlos Nóbrega de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Offshore Oil

ABSTRACT Brazil has performed an important role in the oil and gas industry mainly because its offshore E&P activities. The volume of oil produced in offshore fields had increased 88% in the last decade and correspond to more than 90% of national production. The maritime Exploration and Production (E&P) operations in Brazil started in the middle of the 1970's. In 1981 a law was promulgated to establish a compulsory environmental permit to many activities, including oil and gas exploration and production activities. Although this regulation has existed for over 25 years, only in 1999 was it effectively brought into force to the E&P sector, with the creation of the oil and gas specialized office integrated to the Intituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis – IBAMA (Brazilian Federal Environmental Agency). On January 2000 Brazil faced one its worst oil spills, in Guanabara Bay. A broken pipeline owned and operated by Petrobras spilt 1300 tone of bunker fuel into Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro. At that time, Brazil had no clear environmental scenario regarding the oil industry in Brazil: uncoordinated environmental regulations, debilitated environmental agencies and a relapse industry took part in the scenario. As a result of the repercussion of the disaster, in the same year was enacted the Federal Law 9966/2000, the so called “Oil Law”, on the prevention, control and inspection of pollution caused by the releasing of oil and other harmful substances in waters under national jurisdiction. The provisions of the Law 9966 included, among other things, the requirement for the notification to the competent environmental authority, the maritime authority and the oil regulating agency, of any incident which might cause water pollution. Although IBAMA receives the oil spill communications since 2001, only in 2010 the Agency began to include this information in a database. This paper discusses the offshore oil spill data received between 2010 and 2012.

Digital Transformation in Oil and Gas Industry: Developing an OSDU Third-Party Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Harith Bin Azmy ◽  
Azri Bin Azmi ◽  
Mohd Suffian Sulaiman ◽  
Othman Bin Mohd Yusop
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gas Industry

REVIEW OF BRAZILIAN REGULATION FOR FACILITY OIL SPILL RESPONSE PLANNING

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Alvaro Souza Junior
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Public Hearing ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Platforms ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
National Environment ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Environmental Agencies

ABSTRACT In April 2002, the Brazilian National Environment Council (CONAMA) enacted Resolution 293, which defines the contents and requirements for oil spill response plans for ports, terminals, pipelines and oil platforms. CONAMA Resolution 293 was undoubtedly a landmark in the history of Brazilian planning and preparedness for oil spill accidents as long as it provided a technically consistent reference for elaboration of oil spill response plans based on the identification of spill sources, vulnerability analysis of potentially affected areas, and adequate response organization, procedures and resources. A clause of the Resolution required its review in 5 years after entering into force. To accomplish this requirement, the Ministry of Environment (MMA) opened a public hearing process to collect comments and suggestions for changes. One main contributor in this hearing process was the Brazilian Petroleum and Gas Institute (IBP), which represents the oil and gas industry. IBP created an internal workgroup which discussed proposals for changes in CONAMA Resolution 293 that were subsequently sent to MMA. After the public hearing process, MMA invited a number of institutions to join a workgroup to discuss the received comments and proposed changes. In general, these institutions were mostly the same which participated in the CONAMA Resolution 293 workgroup five years before: IBAMA (federal environmental agency), Maritime Authority, Ministry of Transportation, Ministry of Mines and Energy, AN? (oil & gas activities regulatory agency), IBP and some state environmental agencies. Proposed changes to CONAMA Resolution 293 were sent from the workgroup to one of the CONAMA technical chambers, which approved the proposal with minor amendments. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the relevant changes in this regulation that will affect facility oil spill response plans in Brazil.

scholarly journals Inter- and Intra-Annual Bacterioplankton Community Patterns in a Deepwater Sub-Arctic Region: Persistent High Background Abundance of Putative Oil Degraders

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina G. Angelova ◽  
Barbara Berx ◽  
Eileen Bresnan ◽  
Samantha B. Joye ◽  
Andrew Free ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Bacterioplankton Community ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

ABSTRACT Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria naturally degrade and remove petroleum pollutants, yet baselines do not currently exist for these critical microorganisms in many regions where the oil and gas industry is active. Furthermore, understanding how a baseline community changes across the seasons and its potential to respond to an oil spill event are prerequisites for predicting their response to elevated hydrocarbon exposures. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-based profiling was used to assess the spatiotemporal variability of baseline bacterioplankton community composition in the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC), a deepwater sub-Arctic region where the oil and gas industry has been active for the last 40 years. Over a period of 2 years, we captured the diversity of the bacterioplankton community within distinct water masses (defined by their temperature and salinity) that have a distinct geographic origin (Atlantic or Nordic), depth, and direction of flow. We demonstrate that bacterioplankton communities were significantly different across water samples of contrasting origin and depth. Taxa of known hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were observed at higher-than-anticipated abundances in water masses originating in the Nordic Seas, suggesting these organisms are sustained by an unconfirmed source of oil input in that region. In the event of an oil spill, our results suggest that the response of these organisms is severely hindered by the low temperatures and nutrient levels that are typical for the FSC. IMPORTANCE Oil spills at sea are one of the most disastrous anthropogenic pollution events, with the Deepwater Horizon spill providing a testament to how profoundly the health of marine ecosystems and the livelihood of its coastal inhabitants can be severely impacted by spilled oil. The fate of oil in the environment is largely dictated by the presence and activities of natural communities of oil-degrading bacteria. While a significant effort was made to monitor and track the microbial response and degradation of the oil in the water column in the wake of the Deepwater Horizon spill, the lack of baseline data on the microbiology of the Gulf of Mexico confounded scientists’ abilities to provide an accurate assessment of how the system responded relative to prespill conditions. This data gap highlights the need for long-term microbial ocean observatories in regions at high risk of oil spills. Here, we provide the first microbiological baseline established for a subarctic region experiencing high oil and gas industry activity, the northeast Atlantic, but with no apparent oil seepage or spillage. We also explore the presence, relative abundances, and seasonal dynamics of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading communities. These data will advance the development of models to predict the behavior of such organisms in the event of a major oil spill in this region and potentially impact bioremediation strategies by enhancing the activities of these organisms in breaking down the oil.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF OPEX, OIL LIFTING AND INDONESIA CRUDE PRICE IN AFFECTING CONTRACTOR’S NET SHARE ON AN OIL AND GAS COMPANY IN INDONESIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-223
Author(s):  
Endah Widiastuti ◽  
Rudy Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Operating Expenditure ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Production Sharing ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources

Oil and gas industry is an international scale of business which is very affected with the global issue and situation. Indonesia is a country that known for its wealth of natural resources especially in oil and gas resources. Production-Sharing Contract is the form cooperation types of contractual arrangements for petroleum exploration and development in Indonesia. With current oil and gas business situation, where oil prices are fluctuative, oil lifting is decreased, operating expenditure of a company tends to increase. The trend of contractor’s net shares on this oil and gas company in Indonesia is fluctuative, it seems very unpredictable pattern. If its continuing, it can obstruct the company’s sustainability and growth. In order to know the significance factor and  to optimize the contractors net share of this unpredictable pattern during time limitation to the end of contract then it raises the need to quantify, model and know the significant factors that is affecting the performance of Production Sharing Contract’s net share. Thus can be done based on historical financial data report. The data obtained is used to measure the relationship of independent variables such as operating expenditure, oil lifting and Indonesia crude price to the dependent variable: contractor’s net share in order having a base of decision making to determine the action plan for the PSC by using multiple regressions as its methods. The result showed that oil liftings and Indonesia crude price significantly affect the contractor’s net share.

Bad Company: Shifts in Social Activists’ Tactics and Resources After Industry Crises

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Hunter McDonnell ◽  
Kate Odziemkowska ◽  
Elizabeth Pontikes
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
Private Politics ◽  
Movement Organizations

Social movement organizations (SMOs) are increasingly using collaborative tactics to engage firms. Implications of this are not well understood by researchers. This study investigates one risk that looms over such collaborations: if the corporate partner is later implicated in an industry scandal. Ideas are investigated in the context of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. First, we find that industry scandals differentially affect contentious and collaborative SMOs’ ability to mobilize resources. SMOs that had collaborated with the oil and gas industry before the spill suffered from reduced public support after the spill, and those that had contentiously interacted with the industry enjoyed increased contributions. Second, we find that industry scandals affect SMOs’ willingness to collaborate with firms in the future. We show that the Horizon oil spill produced a broad chilling effect on environmental SMOs’ collaborations with firms both within and outside of the oil and gas industry. Our findings show that there are risks inherent to a collaborative strategy that cannot be fully mitigated. Further, we demonstrate that industry scandals represent critical exogenous events that affect social activists’ tactical repertoires for engaging in private politics.

Advancing Oil Spill Response in Arctic Conditions: The Arctic Oil Spill Response Technology - Joint Industry Programme

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 960-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT The oil and gas industry has made significant advances in being able to detect, contain and clean up spills in arctic environments. To further build on existing research and improve the technologies and methodologies for arctic oil spill response, nine oil and gas companies (BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Eni, ExxonMobil, North Caspian Operating Company, Shell, Statoil, and Total) established the Arctic Oil Spill Response Technology Joint Industry Programme (JIP). The goal of the JIP is to advance arctic oil spill response strategies and equipment as well as to increase understanding of potential impacts of oil on the arctic marine environment. Officially launched in January 2012 at the Arctic Frontiers Conference in Tromsø, Norway, the JIP has six technical working groups (TWG) each focusing on a different key area of oil spill response: dispersants; environmental effects; trajectory modeling; remote sensing; mechanical recovery and in-situ burning (ISB). There is also a field research TWG to pursue opportunities for field releases for validation of response technologies and strategies. Each TWG is led by recognized subject matter experts with years of experience in oil spill response research and operations. This JIP is bringing together the world's foremost experts on oil spill response research, development, and operations from across industry, academia, and independent research centres. Research integrity will be ensured through technical peer review and public dissemination of results. This paper describes the scope and current progress of this Joint Industry Program (JIP).

scholarly journals Verification of the protective steam curtain model by means of experiment’s results

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rail Nasibullin ◽  
Sergey Valeyev ◽  
Ainur Galeyev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Combustion Zone ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Combustible Gases ◽  
Gas Cloud ◽  
The Mathematical Model

To protect the technological furnaces of the oil and gas industry from the penetration into their combustion zone combustible gases that are accidentally released at the production site, steam curtains are used. In the open press, there are practically no methods that allow to evaluate the efficiency of steam curtains, so the solution of this issue seems to be topical. In this paper, we checked the adequacy of the mathematical model developed by the authors of this article. This model describes the operation of the curtain, the movement of the vapor-gas cloud in space, and the scattering of the cloud by the curtain. The verification was carried out by comparing the results of the simulation with the results of laboratory experiments of third-party authors.

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