When Science Is Made an “Accomplice”

The article attempts to comprehend the relationship between science and politics and the use of scientific knowledge by various actors to promote their own political, ideological and other agendas. The author considers a few concepts that have resulted from the complication of various spheres of life and, accordingly, from the need for a new description and organization of science. These issues are also associated with new formats of relationships between science and society encouraged by the changing scientific, social and other contexts. The author notes that as a result, the scientific activity becomes more sensitive to social needs, yet also more susceptible to various social, political and other influences. This situation is illustrated with the ways in which social activists employ scientific knowledge and public science communication to advance their ideological positions, influence political and/or economic decisions and motivate civic action. The author points out the multiplicity of actors engaged in the assessment of scientific discoveries and the formation of the scientific and political agenda. The article assesses the importance of taking into account the political context of the relationship between science and society in the models of science communication. In conclusion, the author questions the possibility of conceptualizing the collective political agency of science without a thorough discussion of how it engages the role of non-scientific actors.

Extended Antisemitism: The Case of Poznań

Extended Antisemitism: The Case of PoznańThis article examines contemporary antisemitism in Poznań. The first part of the study reconstructs how the contemporary collective memory in this Polish city was shaped, starting in the interwar period. Referring to earlier contexts, the author points to the founding myth of the medieval legend of the stolen Hosts, which prevails in Poznań. She also retraces the history of antisemitism at the Adam Mickiewicz University. In recent years, the university has disclosed archival records, including those connected with the introduction of ghetto benches and the numerus clausus rule, in this way attempting to atone for disgraceful events in its history. Reflecting on antisemitism in Poznań, the author asks what fuels it in the almost mono-ethnic city that Poznań is today, and introduces the term extended antisemitism. For the purposes of the article, she conducted interviews (using the Delphi technique) with researchers and social activists involved in Jewish issues. Antysemityzm rozszerzony: na przykładzie PoznaniaAutorka bada współczesny antysemityzm w Poznaniu. W pierwszej części opracowania rekonstruuje, jak kształtowała się współczesna pamięć zbiorowa w tym polskim mieście, począwszy od okresu międzywojennego. Następnie, odwołując się do kontekstów, wskazuje na dominujący w Poznaniu mit założycielski średniowiecznej legendy o skradzionych hostiach. Omawia też historię antysemityzmu na Uniwersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza. W ostatnich latach uczelnia ujawnia źródła archiwalne, w tym materiały związane z tworzeniem getta ławkowego i z wprowadzeniem numerus clausus; w ten sposób stara się niejako zadośćuczynić haniebnym wydarzeniom ze swojej historii. Zastanawiając się nad antysemityzmem w Poznaniu, autorka zadaje pytanie, czym napędza się on dziś w niemal monoetnicznym mieście. Wprowadza pojęcie rozszerzonego antysemityzmu. Na potrzeby artykułu przeprowadziła wywiady metodą delficką z badaczami i społecznikami.

The Presence of Women in the Illustrated Magazine Liang You during the Second Sino-Japanese War through Photographs

The photographic presence of women on war in journalism and the gender inequality suffered by women are often ignored in previous investigations. This study focuses on analyzing the photographic images of women published in the monthly illustrated magazine 'Liang You' during the Second Sino-Japanese War, with the aim of knowing the presence of Chinese women and verifying the existence of inequality of gender suffered during the war. To this end, the photographs published from 1937 to 1945 have been qualitatively studied following the theories of Vilches (1983) and Facio (2009). The quantity and regularity of the publication are analyzed in this study. The areas in which women enter, women’s identities and activities shown in photographs are investigated. We find that the presence of women on war is active in journalism. Chinese women appear in family, social, educational and work environments. They have diverse identities as social activists, nationalists and protestors. However, they are despised, subordinate and marginalized because they suffer the limitations built by a sexist society with a low level of development. We argue that it is necessary to maintain a vision of gender equality in the study of war to reveal the silent history of women and understand their submission in a purely masculine world.

Max Weber and political theology of Friedrich Naumann

In the Weberian literature, it has been repeatedly noted that there is no serious theological interest in the most important provisions of the sociology of religion by Max Weber. This seems paradoxical given the religious-theological context for the development of Webers intellectual project of the social-theoretical hermeneutics of Western modernity. In the first part of the article, the author reconstructs the family and friends religious constellation which determined Webers understanding of the existential significance of religious meanings for certain groups of the modern era. The author mentions Webers close ties with a number of leading theologians of Germany in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, which influenced the heuristics of his writings. The second part of the article focuses on the multifaceted figure of Friedrich Naumann, a public intellectual, who was a Protestant pastor and a reactionary-conservative theologian and became a spiritual-political leader of the German left liberals. The author shows the initial ambivalence of the political-religious situation in the German Empire in the 1880s-1890s, in which Naumann tried to combine Christianity and socialism, and provides a brief overview of the young theologian and social activists gradual turning into a prominent figure of the German journalism and politics. In the third part of the article, the author describes the meeting of two thinkers as fateful for both Weber and Naumann, and emphasizes a radical turn in the worldview of the famous religious theorist and practitioner, who under the powerful influence of Webers personality and argumentation gave up both many previous ideas and pastors office. In conclusion, the author identifies the paradigmatic nature of Naumans ideological-political evolution as typical for a significant part of German intellectuals at the beginning of the 20th century, and considers Naumanns Hegelian acceptance of the modern nation-state as the highest value (following Weber) as a self-fulfilling diagnosis for the crisis modernity on the eve of the First World War catastrophe.

A Review of Małgorzata Mastalerz-Krystjańczuk, “Ostatni Mohikanie Pomorza”: Ludność rodzima znad jezior Łebsko i Gardno w publicystyce polskiej lat 1945–1989. Gdańsk; Słupsk: Instytut Kaszubski; Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku, 2019, 452 ss.

The collection of articles “The Last Mohicans of Pomerania”: The Indigenous Population of Łebsko and Gardno Lakes in Polish Nonfiction 1945–1989, edited by contemporary Polish historian Małgorzata Mastalerz-Krystjańczuk, includes several dozen articles published in Polish newspapers and magazines from 1945 to 1989 dedicated to the Kashubian ethnographic group of Slovincians who lived in Poland until the 1970s. The post-war nonfiction, written by professional ethnographers, linguists, historians, as well as journalists, travelers and social activists, was intended to acquaint the Polish reader with the specificities of the small indigenous ethnic group of Pomerania, fully incorporated into Poland as a result of the Second World War. An extensive preface by Dr. Mastalerz-Krystjańczuk will allow the reader to learn about the specificities of the inclusion of Slovincians in Polish social and political life, the historical and cultural context in which the texts about Slovincians were created, their thematic content, as well as the role played by censorship on the practice of depicting modern Slovincians. As the materials of the collection show, Slovincians had taken a specific position in Polish scientific and political ethno-classifications. Being German-speaking Lutherans, the Slovincians—due to their Slavic origin and the expected Slavic language practice—had to play the role of an important argument in legitimizing West Pomerania’s inclusion in the imagination of the Polish authorities. The review provides a brief survey of the main themes, images, and stories about Slovincians circulating in numerous articles of this collection.

Jornalismo Social

RESUMO Este artigo aborda a problemática vivenciada por “Claras do Norte de Minas”, que são mulheres de classe baixa, inspiradas no chamado do Papa, Economia de Francisco e Clara. Através das particularidades do jornalismo social, aquele que assume o discurso e as razões dos mais fracos e dos mais pobres, com uma perspectiva influente na narração dos conflitos. O papel social do jornalismo é chegar o mais próximo possível da verdade para transmitir ao público informações precisas e fundamentais. Além de fiscalizar o poder, cobrando, denunciando e exigindo punição aos responsáveis por desmandos e atos ilícios. A grande reportagem propõe-se a trabalhar os acontecimentos numa profundidade contextual, possibilitando um mergulho nos fatos e oferece ao autor uma dose ponderável de liberdade para relatar . Economia de Francisco e Clara corresponde a um chamado do Papa Francisco, em maio de 2019, para acadêmicos e ativistas sociais repensarem juntos a economia global. Palavras-Chave: Jornalismo Social; Grande Reportagem; Economia de Francisco e Clara; Claras norte-mineiras. ABSTRACT This article addresses the problems experienced by “Claras do Norte de Minas”, who are lower class women, inspired by the Pope's call, Francisco and Clara's Economy. Through the particularities of social journalism, that which assumes the discourse and reasons of the weakest and the poorest, with an influential perspective in the narration of conflicts. Journalism's social role is to get as close to the truth as possible in order to convey accurate and fundamental information to the public. In addition to overseeing power, demanding, denouncing and demanding punishment from those responsible for excesses and illegal acts. The great article proposes to work the events in a contextual depth, enabling a immersion in the facts and offering the author a considerable amount of freedom to report. Francisco and Clara's Economy corresponds to a call by Pope Francis, in May 2019, for academics and social activists to rethink the global economy together.Keywords: Social Journalism; Great Report; Economy of Francisco and Clara; Claras norte-mineiras.

A long way to go: engagement of men and boys in country family planning commitments and implementation plans

Background: To reach global goals related to women and girls’ access to modern family planning (FP) and gender equality, evidence shows that it is critical to understand and account for the role of men and boys as users of reproductive health services, as partners for millions of women & girls around the world, and as advocates in their communities. Under the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) partnership, countries were encouraged to develop costed implementation plans and action plans in an effort to provide 120 million additional women and girls with contraception. As FP2020 becomes FP2030, reviewing these previously-developed strategies helps understand the extent to which countries considered the engagement of men as an important aspect of their family planning portfolios. Methods: We conducted textual analysis on commitments and implementation plans related to achieving FP2020 commitments in six countries in Africa and one in Asia to determine the extent to which male engagement was incorporated into country or subnational family planning goals, with particular focus on FP policy, program, and financial commitments. Results: Some of the documents analyzed included robust plans for including male engagement in their efforts to expand access to FP. The strongest aspects of male engagement programming were those that sought to engage men as advocates for women’s access to and use of FP services, and improve their knowledge and attitudes related to contraception and reproduction. The weakest aspects were engaging men as users of services and, vitally, tackling underlying gender norms which hamper men’s and women’s health-seeking behaviors and attitudes. Conclusions: Developing FP programs that target men and boys as people deserving of reproductive health services, as partners with women in building their families, and as social activists in their communities, will complement and strengthen existing FP programs as well as promote broader goals related to gender equality.

Lviv as the cradle of Polish independence organizations

Lviv occupies a special place in the history of Poland. With its heroic history, it has earned the exceptionally honorable name of a city that has always been faithful to the homeland. SEMPER FIDELIS – always faithful. Marshal Józef Piłsudski sealed that title while decorating the city with the Order of Virtuti Militari in 1920. The past of Lviv, the always smoldering and uncompromising Polish revolutionist spirit, the climate, and the atmosphere that prevailed in it created the right conditions for making it the center of thought and independence movement in the early 20th century. In the early twentieth century, Polish independence organizations of various political orientations were established, from the ranks of which came legions of prominent Polish politicians and military and social activists.