Improving Re-Fracturing Efficiency and Performance Through Targeted Candidate Well Selection

This paper details how the application of a combination of video-led multi-sensor technology and advanced 3D modelling can help select the best candidate wells for re-fracturing. By shifting focus towards the higher-potential re-frac candidates, operators can maximize return on investment in a multi-billion-dollar market. Deployment of high resolution, high frame rate video and multi-sensor technology enables the selection and prioritization of high-potential candidate wells, through rigless intervention performed as part of the planning phase. Rigorous, perforation-level analysis of this acquired data enables ranking with respect to unstimulated reserves and hazards that may affect re-frac performance to identify the highest potential candidates upon which a bespoke re-frac design can be applied and executed. This engineering-led approach is only possible with up-front data and knowledge gathering, prior to commencing re-frac operations. The result to the operator is higher yields in production gains for an optimized operating expenditure, with production rates potentially reaching or exceeding initial production values. This significantly reduces the time to pay-back the required operating expenditure and increases long-term profitability for the operator. The paper will use real-world case studies to demonstrate how the application of quantified visual analysis, multi-sensor measurements and 3D modelling makes it possible to plan for the best candidate wells for re-fracturing, thus improving the probability of success and increased economic return. The following problem areas will be analyzed in detail: Production Enhancement: Understanding initial frac performance and identifying under stimulated or unexploited reservoir zones. Effective Diversion: Identifying zones of over-stimulation in order to select appropriate diversion solutions to isolate these. Well integrity: 360-degree quantified visual inspection of barrier integrity and evaluation of the limits of operation of the pressure envelope. Wellbore Access: Identifying obstructions such as proppant flow-back or milling debris to assist with wellbore clean-up or quantifying casing deformation for optimization of the plug and perforation BHA design to ensure that target depths are reached. Refrac Optimization: Evaluation and performance benchmarking of refrac stage designs for optimization of fracture initiation and refrac operational costs. The techniques described in this paper involves the application of the world's first array side-view camera combined with auxiliary services, and bespoke data analysis and visualization suite to deliver the results in an intuitive and interactive platform. Further analysis of datasets is performed using patented 3-dimensional forward modelling techniques for computational analysis of well access.

Analisis Belanja Daerah Pemerintah Provinsi Jambi

The purpose of this research is to analyze the efficiency of regional spending in Jambi provincial government. The research method used is descriptive and the analytical tools used in this study are the ratio of spending variance, the ratio of expenditure harmony and the ratio of spending efficiency. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of budget realization report on the regional financial report of Jambi provincial government for the period 2015 - 2019. The results of this study concluded that the efficiency of spending in Jambi province based on the ratio of spending variance showed an average result of 91.41 meaning that the realization is smaller than the budgeted amount with the preferred difference category (favourable variance), while in the ratio of expenditure harmony based on the ratio of operating expenditure to total expenditure over the last five years shows an average yield of 74.27% and the ratio of capital expenditure to total expenditure on average of 25.72% , meaning the proportion of operating expenditure allocation is greater than the proportion of capital expenditures, and the next based on the results of the calculation of the ratio of efficiency of expenditure obtained results of 91.41% with the category of efficient performance. This means that the Jambi Provincial Government is able to save and efficiently in conducting regional expenditure.

PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH KOTA LANGSA DENGAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN ACEH TIMUR

The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of the financial performance of the Langsa City government and East Aceh Regency. Financial performance is measured using five indicators, namely efficiency ratios, effectiveness ratios, compatibility ratios, growth ratios and radiant ratios. The results of the study stated that the financial efficiency ratio of Langsa City during the observation period was more efficient than that of East Aceh Regency. The financial effectiveness ratio of East Aceh Regency during the observation period was more effective than that of Langsa City. The Conformity Ratio measured by the value of the ratio of operating expenditures shows that Langsa City is high when compared to East Aceh District, the APBD and PAD growth ratios of the two regions are both in positive values. The operating expenditure growth ratio of Langsa City is better because it shows a lower ratio value compared to East Aceh District and the operating expenditure growth ratio of East Aceh Regency during the observation period is on average higher. This is evidenced by the value of the ratio of operating expenditures in East Aceh Regency on average each year above 10%. East Aceh District is more capable of self-financing government activities than Langsa City. The pattern of self-reliance is in the consultative and participatory categories. The value of the regional financial independence ratio of Langsa City is in the Instructive relationship pattern (Langsa City is not able to implement regional autonomy financially).

Extending TOSCA for Edge and Fog Deployment Support

The emergence of fog and edge computing has complemented cloud computing in the design of pervasive, computing-intensive applications. The proximity of fog resources to data sources has contributed to minimizing network operating expenditure and has permitted latency-aware processing. Furthermore, novel approaches such as serverless computing change the structure of applications and challenge the monopoly of traditional Virtual Machine (VM)-based applications. However, the efforts directed to the modeling of cloud applications have not yet evolved to exploit these breakthroughs and handle the whole application lifecycle efficiently. In this work, we present a set of Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) extensions to model applications relying on any combination of the aforementioned technologies. Our approach features a design-time “type-level” flavor and a run time “instance-level” flavor. The introduction of semantic enhancements and the use of two TOSCA flavors enables the optimization of a candidate topology before its deployment. The optimization modeling is achieved using a set of constraints, requirements, and criteria independent from the underlying hosting infrastructure (i.e., clouds, multi-clouds, edge devices). Furthermore, we discuss the advantages of such an approach in comparison to other notable cloud application deployment approaches and provide directions for future research.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN PROYEK PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK ENERGI PANAS BUMI AREA “CFA”

<p class="Abstract"><em>Kebutuhan akan energi listrik di Indonesia saat ini mengalami perkembangan yang signifikan seiring dengan bertambahnya kebutuhan hidup masyarakat maupun perkembangan di segala sektor kehidupan. Panas bumi merupakan sumber daya energi terbarukan yang dapat di konversikan menjadi sumber energi listrik, selain itu energi tersebut merupakan energi yang ramah lingkungan dan dianggap dapat mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan. Daerah penelitian berada pada area “CFA” yang terletak di Kabupaten Lebong, Provinsi Bengkulu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis kelayakan proyek pembangkit listrik energi panas bumi pada daerah penelitian berdasarkan potensi cadangan dan parameter keekonomiannya. Metodologi penelitian yang dilakukan adalah analisis potensi cadangan panas bumi, pengembangan model keuangan, serta sensitivitas pada nilai NPV proyek. Hasil dari penelitian adalah potensi cadangan panas bumi pada area “CFA” memiliki cadangan terduga 475,6 MWe dengan kapasitas tersebut akan dapat dikembangkan proyek pembangkit listrik energi panas bumi dengan kapasitas 55 MWe. Hal-hal yang harus diperhitungkan dalam pelaksanaan pengembangan proyek Drilling and Proven Resource, Production and Revenue, Investment, Operating Expenditure, Pajak dan Depresiasi. Parameter keekonomian yang berpengaruh dalam penentuan investasi dan pelaksanaan proyek yang dihasilkan adalah NPV -97.546 USD, IRR 2%, payback period melewati masa kontrak proyek, dan Profitability Index 0,61 sedangkan yang menjadi parameter paling sensitif pada proyek ini adalah harga jual listrik. Hasil dari analisis kelayakan berdasarkan potensi cadangan dan parameter keekonomian di area penelitian dikatakan tidak layak untuk dikembangkan menjadi proyek pembangkit listrik energi panas bumi.</em></p>

An Overview of Economic Analysis and Environmental Impacts of Natural Gas Conversion Technologies

This study presents an overview of the economic analysis and environmental impact of natural gas conversion technologies. Published articles related to economic analysis and environmental impact of natural gas conversion technologies were reviewed and discussed. The economic analysis revealed that the capital and the operating expenditure of each of the conversion process is strongly dependent on the sophistication of the technical designs. The emerging technologies are yet to be economically viable compared to the well-established steam reforming process. However, appropriate design modifications could significantly reduce the operating expenditure and enhance the economic feasibility of the process. The environmental analysis revealed that emerging technologies such as carbon dioxide (CO2) reforming and the thermal decomposition of natural gas offer advantages of lower CO2 emissions and total environmental impact compared to the well-established steam reforming process. Appropriate design modifications such as steam reforming with carbon capture, storage and utilization, the use of an optimized catalyst in thermal decomposition, and the use of solar concentrators for heating instead of fossil fuel were found to significantly reduced the CO2 emissions of the processes. There was a dearth of literature on the economic analysis and environmental impact of photocatalytic and biochemical conversion processes, which calls for increased research attention that could facilitate a comparative analysis with the thermochemical processes.

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Kota Semarang Tahun 2013-2017

The financial performance of local governments is a measure used to ensure the ability of the regions to properly and correctly enforce financial implementation rules to maintain the desired services. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the local government of Semarang City using 5 financial ratios. The data used is secondary data, in the form of the Semarang City Regional Budget Realization Report in 2013-2017. Furthermore, 5 financial ratios are calculated, consisting of effectiveness ratios, efficiency ratios, compatibility ratios, growth ratios and independence ratios. The results showed that in general the financial performance of the Semarang City local government was very good. This can be seen from the effectiveness ratio of local revenue is very effective, the ratio of regional financial efficiency is very efficient, the ratio of operating expenditure to regional expenditure, the ratio of operating expenditure growth and the growth ratio of capital expenditure has positive growth, the ratio of self-reliance is moderate with participatory relationship patterns. Even so, it is necessary to increase and optimize Regional Original Income (PAD) from year to year through controlling new regional potentials and developing regional potential.

Namibia's SWAPO faces further damaging poll losses

Significance SWAPO lost its two-thirds majority in the main house of parliament last year and could also see its dominance in the second parliamentary chamber diminished. SWAPO's decline in popular support follows four years of economic stagnation, slow service delivery and a major corruption scandal that saw two former ministers jailed awaiting trial. Impacts Almost one-third of job losses this year have been in the tourism industry, which is not expected to recover until at least 2022. A first post-independence IMF loan (pending formal approval) will help to fund the government's operating expenditure. The finance minister's burgeoning reputation has been damaged after an underwhelming government-backed fisheries auction.