BIOREMEDIATION: APPLICATION OF SLOW-RELEASE FERTILIZERS ON LOW-ENERGY SHORELINES

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lee ◽  
Gilles H. Tremblay ◽  
E. M. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Coated Urea

ABSTRACT In situ biodegradation, the activation of microbial processes capable of destroying contaminants where they are found in the environment, is a biological process that responds rapidly to changing environmental factors. Accordingly, in situ sediment enclosures were used to test the efficacy of selected nutrient formulations to enhance the biodegradation of a waxy crude oil in a low-energy shoreline environment. The addition of soluble inorganic fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and triple superphosphate) and slow-release nutrient formulations (sulfur-coated urea) stimulated microbial activity and prolonged the period of oil degradation, despite a decline in seasonal temperatures. Low temperatures reduced the permeability of the coating on the slow-release fertilizers, effectively suppressing nutrient release. Of the nutrient formulations evaluated, we recommend the application of granular slow-release fertilizers (such as sulfur-coated urea) when the overlying water temperatures are above 15° C, and the application of soluble inorganic fertilizers (such as ammonium nitrate) at lower temperatures. Comprehensive analysis of the experimental results indicate that application protocols for bioremediation (form and type of fertilizer or type and frequency of application), be specifically tailored to account for differences in environmental parameters (including oil characteristics) at each contaminated site.

Nitrate and ammonium losses from surface-applied organic and inorganic fertilizers

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. KING ◽  
H. A. TORBERT
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Animal Manures ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Coated Urea

SUMMARYAnimal manures are a valuable resource, providing readily available plant nutrients; however, runoff from lands receiving animal manure has been shown to contribute to water pollution. Understanding the loss of nutrients from slow release fertilizers, such as animal manure, after application is critical in determining and designing practices to reduce and/or control the temporal availability and potential offsite transport of NO3-N and NH4-N after application. A block study was designed to compare and contrast the temporal losses of NO3-N and NH4-N from three slow release fertilizers (sulphur-coated urea, composted dairy manure, and poultry litter) and one fast release fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) applied to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) turf. Cumulative NO3-N loss from plots receiving application of the manufactured (NH4NO3 and sulphur-coated urea) products was significantly (P<0·05) greater than the measured losses from plots receiving application of natural products (composted dairy manure and poultry litter). The cumulative NO3-N recovered in the runoff expressed as a proportion of applied N was 0·37 for ammonium nitrate, 0·25 for sulphur-coated urea, 0·10 for composted dairy manure, and 0·07 for poultry litter during the 10-week study period. Cumulative NH4-N recovery fractions were an order of magnitude less than the cumulative NO3-N fractions and no significant differences (P>0·05) were measured across treatments. Significant differences (P<0·05) in NH4-N and NO3-N loss through time were measured for the four treatments. The findings of the present study indicate that land-applied animal manures are less susceptible to initial losses of N when compared to manufactured fertilizers.

Attributes of natural and synthetic materials pertaining to slow-release urea coating industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasin Naz ◽  
Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Slow Release Urea ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

AbstractUrea is one of the spirited input materials for plant growth. However, more than half of conventional urea applied to the soil may not reach the plants and be washed off by rain and irrigation water. The high lost proportion results not only in economic losses but also in environmental pollution. Alleviation in cost and nitrogen pollution is possible by mitigating the nitrogen release rate and synchronizing it with the plant’s need. A wide range of synthetic and natural materials are being tested for production of slow-release fertilizers. Each one of these materials has its own merits, with accompanying disadvantages. This study critically reviews the most featured natural and synthetic materials pertaining to the slow-release urea industry. The focused review was aimed at elaborating the benefits and limitations of polymeric and nonpolymeric coating materials, release mechanism of conventional and coated urea, methods to characterize the coated urea, slow-release characteristics imparted by a coating to the coated urea, and release patterns of conventional and coated urea. This discussion was further extended to commercially available coatings and slow-release potential of superabsorbent, urethane, and starch-based coatings.

Efficiency of Isobutylidene Diurea, Sulphur-Coated Urea and Urea Plus Nitrapyrin, compared with Divided Dressings of Urea, for Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake of Ryegrass

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Halevy
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Isobutylidene Diurea ◽  
Ryegrass Growth

SummaryTwo slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) and sulphur-coated urea (SCU), and urea plus nitrapyrin were compared with urea alone for their effect on the growth and nitrogen uptake of ryegrass in a greenhouse experiment.The IBDU and the SCU were applied in one dressing before sowing and the urea in five dressings (one after each cut). Dry matter yield and nitrogen uptake of the six cuts at the optimum levels of 3 and 6 g N pot−1 (equivalent to 1120 and 2240 kg N ha−1 on a weight basis) were similar for the slow-release fertilizers and urea, showing that SCU and IBDU can be effective sources of nitrogen for ryegrass at rates far above those regarded as safe for conventional nitrogen fertilizers when applied in a single dose.Nitrapyrin at 20 ppm effectively inhibited nitrification for 12 weeks, then its effect rapidly declined, disappearing after 18 weeks. Ryegrass growth was retarded by nitrapyrin treatment, probably as a result of an accumulation of NH4-N in the soil.

scholarly journals Influence of Slow-release Fertilizer Source on Growth and Quality of Areca Palm, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Wendl

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
F. D. Rauch ◽  
P. Yahata ◽  
P. K. Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Growing Crop

There was little difference noted in plant growth and quality of Areca palm, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Wendl., when treated with three levels of several slow-release fertilizers at the manufacturer's recommended rates. The two resin-coated (RC) materials 18N-2.6P-10K and 17N-3.1P-10K (18-6-12 and 17-7-12) and urea formaldehyde (UF) fertilizer 10N-4.4P-8.3K (10-10-10) resulted in significantly better growth than either the isobutyledene diurea (IBDU) 20N-2.2P-4.2K (20-5-5) or the sulfur-coated urea (SCU) 14N-6P-12K (14-14-14) fertilizer sources. The RC materials were the least expensive fertilizers used in the production of this slow growing crop.

A comparison of slow-release and conventional nitrogenous fertilizers for an established pangola grass pasture in a sub-tropical environment

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (92) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Lowe ◽  
JF Cudmore
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Grass Growth

Three slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, urea formaldehyde, nitrogen-enriched coal (NEC) and corea (a coal-urea formulation) were compared with conventional nitrogenous fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate) in a small-plot cutting experiment. The slow-release fertilizers were applied in one 672 kg N ha-1 dressing to an established Digitaria decumbens (pangola grass) pasture on wallum heath in south-east Queensland. Conventional fertilizers were applied in one, two or four applications in one, two or three years respectively, all treatments receiving a total of 672 kg N ha-1. Dry matter production, nitrogen yield and nitrogen recovery were compared over four summer periods. Over four years, pangola grass produced highest dry matter yields when fertilized with urea formaldehyde, the residual effect disappearing in the fourth summer. Annual yield distribution was equivalent to that from regular applications of conventional fertilizers. NEC released little nitrogen for grass growth in four years while corea had little effect on yield after the first summer. Nitrogen recovery from urea formaldehyde was equivalent to that from ammonium nitrate and urea (applied in four dressings of 168 kg N ha-1). Where 672 kg ha-1 of nitrogen was applied in one dressing, nitrogen recovery was in the order urea formaldehyde >> ammonium nitrate > urea >> ammonium sulphate.

Evaluation of sulphur-coated urea fertilizers in savannah soils: 1. Response of cotton and sorghum

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Nnadi ◽  
S. M. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Single Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Savannah Zone

SUMMARYTwo sources of sulphur-coated urea (SCU) were compared with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as sources of N for cotton and sorghum in the savannah zone of Nigeria. At the lowest rate of N application (30 kg/ha for cotton and 40 kg/ha for sorghum), SCU-11 with a dissolution rate of 11% in 7 days was found to be more effective than SCU-30 having a dissolution rate of 30% in 7 days and CAN. A single application of SCU-11 produced a higher sorghum yield than a divided application of CAN at the same rate. These results indicate that a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer might be useful for improved grain sorghum and cotton varieties.

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