M/V SELENDANG AYURESPONSE: SHORELINE SURVEYS AND DATA MANAGEMENT; TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS; AND THE COMPLETION INSPECTION PROCESS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 1193-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. Owens ◽  
J. W. Engles ◽  
S. Lehmann ◽  
H. A. Parker-Hall ◽  
P.D. Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Treatment Recommendation ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Bulk Carrier ◽  
End Points ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Unified Command

ABSTRACT The grounding of a bulk carrier on Unalaska Island in the Aleutian Chain, Alaska, on 8 December 2004, resulted in a spill of fuel oil that affected approximately 800 km of coastline in a remote area. Initial tracking of the spill commenced at the first opportunity on 11 December using a fixed-wing aircraft to conduct low-altitude surveys during weather windows. Subsequent Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT) surveys involved both boat- and helicopter-based interagency teams to document and characterize oiling conditions. Of the 763 km of shoreline surveyed 713 km had “No Observed Oil (NOO)”. Information obtained by the surveys was entered and managed in a data base that was accessible to all members of the spill response team. Several innovative approaches were developed to assist the shoreline cleanup endpoint decision and inspection processes. Where oil was observed that did not meet the defined treatment end points, a Shoreline Treatment Recommendation Transmittal (STRT) form was completed and submitted to the Unified Command (UC) spill management team. As part of the shoreline survey program, Operations personnel accompanied the two teams surveying outside of the “core” area to remove small amounts of oil. This was, in effect, a “clean as you go” and a “sign off as you go” strategy to obviate the need to employ separate sorties for initial survey, return for treatment, and a third return to inspect the completed cleanup in the segment and determine if endpoints were met. If the segment met the treatment end points or was cleaned to that standard, a Shoreline Inspection Report (SIR) was completed and signed in the field by the UC representatives on the SCAT team recommending to the UC that cleanup in that segment was not necessary or that cleanup be terminated. The completion inspection process involved the land managers, and landowners, comprised primarily of native tribes and corporations for the bulk of the affected areas, as well as Federal and Alaskan state agencies.

scholarly journals Case Study of a SCAT Survey and Successful Remediation Strategy by Mechanical Mixing of a Fuel Oil Spill into a Mountain Stream

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Owens ◽  
Doug Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Water Levels ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Treatment Recommendation ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
River Bed ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Unified Command

ABSTRACT # 1141233 The cargo of a double-tank truck carrying diesel and gasoline was released directly into a fast-flowing upland stream following an accident on a mountainous section of road in British Columbia (BC), Canada. High concentrations of the product were trapped in the interstitial spaces of coarse (cobble-boulder) sediments during a period of rising water levels. Almost the entire river backshore in the affected area was characterized by steep wooded slopes so that access everywhere was very difficult. These constraints for the SCAT program largely were overcome where direct backshore access was not possible using river rafts, boats (on the reservoir above the dam) and small Unmanned Aerial System (sUASs). Based on the survey results, a 4x4 Spider Walking Excavator equipped with a Universal grab on the hydraulic arm was deployed over a 2.5 km section of river immediately downstream of the accident site over a 9-day period. The grab rotated to mix the sediment or lifted and moved cobbles and boulders along the channel margin and in river bed sediments to release the oil. Swift Water Rescue personnel and river rescue response equipment were positioned with the Spider operations and the SCAT river bank surveys throughout the project, and used to scout river conditions ahead of SCAT rafting operations. Air monitoring was maintained throughout the response during all operations both along river banks as well as in the cab of the Spider while working in the river. A small UAS quadcopter was deployed to monitor the mixing activity in real time where the excavator could operate but ground access was unsafe or physically not possible. Standard SCAT practices were followed to provide the Unified Command (UC) with Shoreline Treatment Recommendation (STR) forms to guide the operations activities and once the treatment criteria were achieved STR Inspection Reports (SIRs) were submitted for approval by the UC. A downstream daily water sampling program monitored for PHs, VOCs and PAHs in the river waters during the mixing operations downstream of the operations area. At no time during the mechanical mixing activities (April 3 – 12) did the results of the analyses exceed Canadian and BC Water Quality Guidelines standards downstream past the confluence with the Salmo River and standards only were exceeded for the first few days of mechanical mixing (April 3 – April 5) during the period that the Spider was working on the upper reaches of the South Salmo.

BLUE MASTER: USE OF COREXIT®9500 TO DISPERSE IFO 180 SPILL1

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 815-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Kaser ◽  
Julie Gahn ◽  
Charlie Henry
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Tier Ii ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Calm Weather ◽  
Unified Command ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Limitations

ABSTRACT COREXIT®9500 was used to disperse 100 barrels (bbls) of Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO) 180 30 nautical miles south of Galveston, Texas. The dispersant was highly effective in dispersing this heavy fuel oil. Efficacy was based on the fact that only 1.5 barrels of oil washed up on the beach in the form of tarballs a week later. No reports of oiled birds or wildlife related to the incident were received. The pre-authorization limits of the Regional Response Team (RRT) Region VI On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) Pre-Approved Dispersant Use Manual were outdated; COREXIT®9500 was placed on the National Contingency Plan (NCP) Product Schedule list of approved dispersants after the manual was written. COREXIT®9500 enables dispersal of heavier products than those originally considered by the RRT. The specific gravity of IFO 180 is 0.988 while the OSC Pre-Approved Dispersant Use Manual considered 0.953 an upper limit. The dispersant was applied outside the 6-hour time limit because an overflight showed little to no emulsification of the oil because of calm weather conditions. Although current conditions were calm, thunderstorms were expected to develop in the area that would provide the mixing action needed to enhance dispersal. The Unified Command considered this dispersant application a “cautious success.” The small amount of oil that reached the beach and the absence of oiled birds support a statement of success but, because of time limitations, Tier II SMART (Specialized Monitoring of Applied Response Technologies) data were not obtained to substantiate this conclusion. Following this case, RRT Region VI convened a committee to review the Pre-Approved Dispersant Use Manual, to evaluate whether the pre-approved protocols were still relevant, and to develop changes to the Pre-Approved Dispersant Use Manual if needed for consideration and approval by the RRT. At its January 2000 meeting, RRT Region VI approved several short-term changes to the manual and authorized continued work on several mid- and long-term revisions. These changes not only give the OSC more flexibility in choosing the right dispersant tools, but also give greater requirements to document dispersant operations.

scholarly journals iDUC: Solution to Address Common Challenges of State Agency Drone Deployment

10.29007/5l52 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marchell Magxaka ◽  
Jason Lucas ◽  
Joseph Burgett
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Construction Planning ◽  
Aircraft Systems ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

The use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs), or drones, have been widely documented with benefits for many agencies and industries that deal with construction, planning, emergency management, and public safety. Many agencies that are currently using drones have limited resources and face challenges in their deployment. This research is examining the extent of those challenges among state agencies of South Carolina and how they may better be addressed through joint initiatives, enhanced communication, networking, and research. This paper documents an initial survey used to gauge drone use of different agencies throughout the state, common challenges that were identified, and strategies that are planned to address these challenges through future collaborative efforts.

DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL RESOURCES PROTECTION GUIDELINES FOR ALASKA'S ON-SCENE COORDINATORS

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 941-942
Author(s):  
Pamela Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Historic Preservation ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Require Response ◽  
National Historic Preservation Act

ABSTRACT In recognition that oil spills and hazardous substance releases typically require response actions within the first 24 hours, the Alaska Regional Response Team (RRT) has developed draft Cultural Resources Protection Guidelines for Alaska to establish an emergency procedure for taking cultural resources into account during responses and to ensure that response actions comply with the National Historic Preservation Act. The draft guidelines were developed in consultation with the Alaska State Historic Preservation Officer and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. The mechanism for formally establishing the guidelines’ emergency procedures is a programmatic agreement, which will be signed by appropriate federal and state agencies’ historic preservation officials.

TAMPA BAY SPILL: COMMAND AND CONTROL ISSUES

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 621-626
Author(s):  
Richard W. Harbert
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Response Effort ◽  
Active Approach ◽  
Response Team ◽  
The Media ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Unified Command

ABSTRACT A three-vessel collision in the Tampa Bay entrance channel on August 10, 1993, caused a huge explosion and fire, major damage to all vessels, and spills of 330,000 gallons of No. 6 oil and 32,000 gallons of a mixture of light petroleum products. A dynamic team was forged to respond to a complex series of problems. Functional command centers and forward command posts were established, a unified command system was implemented, and federal, state, and local governments and the multiple responsible parties coordinated efficiently. The unified command dealt effectively with considerations such as vessel control, fire fighting, lightering, salvage, pollution cleanup, and impacted wildlife. An active approach to the media resulted in critical information being relayed to the public and the response effort being portrayed accurately. The development of trust with multiple local governments enabled the response team to meet local needs while gaining their support. The unified command dealt with difficulties such as communicating effectively with the field and ensuring safety for large number of responders involved in a variety of hazardous activities.

CALIFORNIA OIL SPILL DISPERSANT PLAN-ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH COOPERATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Najah Addassi ◽  
Ellen Faurot-Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Decision Tool ◽  
Operational Window ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Unified Command ◽  
National Significance ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The use of dispersants in marine waters off California requires detailed foresight and planning. In an effort to expedite a decision to use dispersants and reduce first strike response time, the Region IX Regional Response Team tasked Californias Marine Area Committees to recommend dispersant approval zones. Each Area Committee conducted Net Environmental Benefit Analyses for their areas of responsibility, and from those analyses recommended dispersant zone designations to the U.S. Coast Guard and the Regional Response Team (RRT). All zone recommendations were approved by the RRT in July 2002, and development of the remaining elements of the dispersant plan began. Using primarily a model developed in New Zealand, the authors drafted a comprehensive dispersant use plan for the waters off California. The U.S. Coast Guard Captains of the Port in California reviewed the draft plan, and tested it during the April, 2004 Spill of National Significance (SONS) drill in southern California. The streamlined decision flowcharts, imbedded “Decision Boxes” and operational appendices with further instructions, forms and resource contact information, proved the California Dispersant Plan was a very intuitive and workable response decision tool. During the SONS drill, this greatly improved the ability of the Unified Command to make a decision regarding dispersant use, get the resources in place, and begin dispersant sorties within the operational “window” for dispersant use. It is expected that the same expedited and informed response process will serve California well during an actual oil spill response.

POTENTIAL PLACES OF REFUGE FOR SHIPS IN DISTRESS–THE CALIFORNIA APPROACH TO DEVELOPING DATA CAPTURE AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 1067-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Faurot-Daniels ◽  
Kelly Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Unified Command

ABSTRACT California'S coastal Area Contingency Planning Committees began the process to develop “California Distressed Vessel/Potential Places of Refuge (PPOR)” data-gathering and decision-making tools in July 2006. The first step in this process was for members of California'S statewide Area Contingency Plan (ACP) Committee to be open to the possibility they may allow a distressed vessels into their backyard. Next, they were challenged with representing non-situational data in a common data collection format for use by all six California coastal Area Committees. Modeled largely on the PPOR products developed in Alaska, the committee relied on the Regional Response Team IX Guidelines, and the Commandant Instruction (COMDTINST) 16451.9 U.S. Coast Guard Places of Refuge Policy Enclosure (2) (POR Job Aid) resources. Stakeholder involvement throughout this process helps to establish realistic expectations in advance and build trust between stakeholders and decision makers. The populated databases, located in the ACPs, will support incident-specific decision-making and risk assessment anywhere in California by any California Federal On-Scene Coordinator or Unified Command during an actual Places of Refuge (POR) event.

DEVELOPMENT OF A TACTICAL GUIDE FOR SENSITIVE AREAS

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 997-999
Author(s):  
Larry A. Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Response Effort ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Anchor Points ◽  
Unified Command ◽  
Permitting Process ◽  
Response Region

ABSTRACT Important to any response is the ability to effectively respond to locations identified as sensitive within a response region. In Port Valdez, a part of Prince William Sound, Alaska adjacent to the Valdez Marine Terminal, the Port Valdez Sensitive Areas Tactical Guide was developed to do exactly that. It provides a tool for operational personnel during a spill response to enable protection of preidentified sensitive areas. In the guide, each sensitive area discussion includes tactical information required for deployment of exclusion, diversion or entrapment booming. This paper explains the development of the Tactical Guide. The project started by visiting all sensitive areas to determine existing habitat, shoreline, and tidal flats. Anchor points also have been identified for use in the event booming is required. Surveying each area at low tide—given the 12-foot tidal range—indicated the necessary type and quantity of boom and anchor placement, and which type of workboats are needed. The Tactical Guide recognizes that permanent rock bolt anchors or concrete shoreline deadman anchor points are much more suitable for smooth and speedy deployment. The permitting process for permanent anchor is a long and arduous task. This paper explores the process used to achieve successful permitting and buy-in from stakeholders. After the installation of permanent anchors in each area, aerial photographs were taken at different times of the tidal cycle to ensure successful identification on a year-round basis. The Port Valdez Sensitive Areas Tactical Guide is key to the Valdez Marine Terminal Oil Discharge Prevention and Contingency Plan's effectiveness. It was developed over several years through input from regulators, stakeholders, and the plan holders. The establishment of the guide ensures tactical responses will be rapidly available to the response team, and mobilized based on prioritization established by the Unified Command. The development of the Tactical Guide has been a tremendous benefit to the response effort and a great example of stakeholder and plan holder cooperation.

DEVELOPMENT OF A DISPERSANT DOCTRINE IN THE GULF OF MEXICO

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 637-641
Author(s):  
CAPT James W. Calhoun ◽  
CDR Stephan P. Glenn ◽  
LCDR Lynn M. Henderson ◽  
Welcome T. Duncan ◽  
Cheryl Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Response Method ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT To minimize the environmental damage caused by catastrophic oil spills, the response community must work together to keep spilled oil from impacting sensitive areas and natural resources. Since no response method is 100% effective, it is essential to consider the use of all available cleanup methods simultaneously. Preapproval for the use of dispersants by on-scene coordinators (OSCs) is necessary to maximize the benefits of dispersant application in a major coastal oil spill, and such preapproval is the responsibility of federal and state agencies. Over the past several years, the petrochemical industry, the response community, and the Region VI Regional Response Team (RRT VI)1 have studied the efficacy of various cleanup technologies. On the basis of their findings, in January 1995 RRT VI gave OSCs authority to use dispersants off the coasts of Texas and Louisiana under specific conditions. This was a significant shift from past philosophies, under which OSCs relied almost exclusively on mechanical recovery methods. Concurrently, industry has developed reliable and dedicated resources for the aerial application of dispersants in the Gulf of Mexico and has strategically located stockpiles of dispersants throughout the Gulf region. Delivery aircraft and trained controllers have been retained by industry to maintain a readiness and response posture that will maximize the effectiveness of an aerial application.

FOSS 248-P2 OIL SPILL – A CASE STUDY

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-489
Author(s):  
Tedd Hutley ◽  
Myola Martinez ◽  
Mark Dix
Keyword(s):  
Puget Sound ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Indian Tribe ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Unified Command ◽  
Marine Safety

ABSTRACT At 1205, on December 30, 2003, the Foss Maritime tank barge 248-P2 spilled nearly 6,000 gallons of bunker fuel oil during a loading operation at the Chevron-Point Wells facility in Shoreline, Washington. Approximately 4,637 gallons was discharged into Puget Sound. Upon notification, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Marine Safety Office (MSO) Puget Sound, Washington Department of Ecology (DOE), and Foss Maritime launched an aggressive response, mobilizing numerous spill response personnel and nearly every major piece of spill response equipment in the Northwest. In less than 24 hours of the spill, nearly all the oil had moved ashore impacting only two miles of shoreline. The most heavily impacted area belonged to the Suquamish Indian Tribe, which included a highly sensitive and culturally significant saltwater marsh. A representative for the Suquamish Tribe quickly joined the Unified Command. Operational success can be linked to the frequent training and exercising of the responding agencies, preplanned geographic response plans, and use of incident command system. Despite the successes, weather and tides proved to be the leading contributor to the four-month shoreline clean up operation. Lessons learned identify response strong points in addition to areas needing improvement.

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