scholarly journals Case Study of a SCAT Survey and Successful Remediation Strategy by Mechanical Mixing of a Fuel Oil Spill into a Mountain Stream

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Owens ◽  
Doug Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Water Levels ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Treatment Recommendation ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
River Bed ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Unified Command

ABSTRACT # 1141233 The cargo of a double-tank truck carrying diesel and gasoline was released directly into a fast-flowing upland stream following an accident on a mountainous section of road in British Columbia (BC), Canada. High concentrations of the product were trapped in the interstitial spaces of coarse (cobble-boulder) sediments during a period of rising water levels. Almost the entire river backshore in the affected area was characterized by steep wooded slopes so that access everywhere was very difficult. These constraints for the SCAT program largely were overcome where direct backshore access was not possible using river rafts, boats (on the reservoir above the dam) and small Unmanned Aerial System (sUASs). Based on the survey results, a 4x4 Spider Walking Excavator equipped with a Universal grab on the hydraulic arm was deployed over a 2.5 km section of river immediately downstream of the accident site over a 9-day period. The grab rotated to mix the sediment or lifted and moved cobbles and boulders along the channel margin and in river bed sediments to release the oil. Swift Water Rescue personnel and river rescue response equipment were positioned with the Spider operations and the SCAT river bank surveys throughout the project, and used to scout river conditions ahead of SCAT rafting operations. Air monitoring was maintained throughout the response during all operations both along river banks as well as in the cab of the Spider while working in the river. A small UAS quadcopter was deployed to monitor the mixing activity in real time where the excavator could operate but ground access was unsafe or physically not possible. Standard SCAT practices were followed to provide the Unified Command (UC) with Shoreline Treatment Recommendation (STR) forms to guide the operations activities and once the treatment criteria were achieved STR Inspection Reports (SIRs) were submitted for approval by the UC. A downstream daily water sampling program monitored for PHs, VOCs and PAHs in the river waters during the mixing operations downstream of the operations area. At no time during the mechanical mixing activities (April 3 – 12) did the results of the analyses exceed Canadian and BC Water Quality Guidelines standards downstream past the confluence with the Salmo River and standards only were exceeded for the first few days of mechanical mixing (April 3 – April 5) during the period that the Spider was working on the upper reaches of the South Salmo.

M/V SELENDANG AYURESPONSE: SHORELINE SURVEYS AND DATA MANAGEMENT; TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS; AND THE COMPLETION INSPECTION PROCESS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 1193-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. Owens ◽  
J. W. Engles ◽  
S. Lehmann ◽  
H. A. Parker-Hall ◽  
P.D. Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Treatment Recommendation ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Bulk Carrier ◽  
End Points ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Unified Command

ABSTRACT The grounding of a bulk carrier on Unalaska Island in the Aleutian Chain, Alaska, on 8 December 2004, resulted in a spill of fuel oil that affected approximately 800 km of coastline in a remote area. Initial tracking of the spill commenced at the first opportunity on 11 December using a fixed-wing aircraft to conduct low-altitude surveys during weather windows. Subsequent Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT) surveys involved both boat- and helicopter-based interagency teams to document and characterize oiling conditions. Of the 763 km of shoreline surveyed 713 km had “No Observed Oil (NOO)”. Information obtained by the surveys was entered and managed in a data base that was accessible to all members of the spill response team. Several innovative approaches were developed to assist the shoreline cleanup endpoint decision and inspection processes. Where oil was observed that did not meet the defined treatment end points, a Shoreline Treatment Recommendation Transmittal (STRT) form was completed and submitted to the Unified Command (UC) spill management team. As part of the shoreline survey program, Operations personnel accompanied the two teams surveying outside of the “core” area to remove small amounts of oil. This was, in effect, a “clean as you go” and a “sign off as you go” strategy to obviate the need to employ separate sorties for initial survey, return for treatment, and a third return to inspect the completed cleanup in the segment and determine if endpoints were met. If the segment met the treatment end points or was cleaned to that standard, a Shoreline Inspection Report (SIR) was completed and signed in the field by the UC representatives on the SCAT team recommending to the UC that cleanup in that segment was not necessary or that cleanup be terminated. The completion inspection process involved the land managers, and landowners, comprised primarily of native tribes and corporations for the bulk of the affected areas, as well as Federal and Alaskan state agencies.

scholarly journals A low-cost technique to measure bank erosion proces ses along middle-size river reaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Duró ◽  
Alessandra Crosato ◽  
Maarten G. Kleinhans ◽  
Wim S. J. Uijttewaal
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Observation Distance ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Rtk Gps

Abstract. Diverse methods are currently available to measure river bank erosion at broad-ranging temporal and spatial scales. Yet, no technique provides low-cost and high-resolution to survey small-scale bank processes along a river reach. We investigate the capabilities of Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry applied with imagery from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to describe the evolution of riverbank profiles in middle-size rivers. The bank erosion cycle is used as a reference to assess the applicability of different techniques. We surveyed 1.2 km of a restored bank of the Meuse River eight times within a year, combining different photograph perspectives and overlaps to identify an efficient UAV flight to monitor banks. The accuracy of the Digital Surface Models (DSMs) was evaluated compared with RTK GPS points and an Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) of the whole reach. An oblique perspective with eight photo overlaps was sufficient to achieve the highest relative precision to observation distance of ~1:1400, with 10 cm error range. A complementary nadiral view increased coverage behind bank toe vegetation. The DSM and ALS had comparable accuracies except on banks, where the latter overestimates elevations. Sequential DSMs captured signatures of the erosion cycle such as mass failures, slump-block deposition, and bank undermining. Although this technique requires low water levels and banks without dense vegetation, it is a low-cost method to survey reach-scale riverbanks in sufficient resolution to quantify bank retreat and identify morphological features of the bank failure and erosion processes.

scholarly journals Mapping and Monitoring Erosion-Accretion in an Alluvial River Using Satellite Imagery – The River Bank Changes of the Padma River in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Maruf Billah
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bank Erosion ◽  
Island Area ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Padma River ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
The Right

Abstract The Padma river is widely known for its dynamic and disastrous behaviour, and the river has been experiencing intense and frequent bank erosion and deposition leading to the changes and shifting of bank line. In this paper, a time series of Landsat satellite imagery MSS, TM and OLI and TIRS images and are used to detect river bank erosion-accretion and bank line shifting during the study period 1975–2015. This study exhibits a drastic increase of erosion and accretion of land along the Padma river. The results show that from 1975 to 2015, the total amount of river bank erosion is 49,951 ha of land, at a rate of 1,249 ha a−1 and the total amount of accretion is 83,333 ha of land, at a rate of 2,083 ha a−1. Throughout the monitoring period, erosion-accretion was more pronounced in the right part of the river and bank line had been shifting towards the southern direction. The paper also reveals that the total area of islands had been increased significantly, in 2015 there was about 50,967 ha of island area increased from 20,533 ha of island area in 1975, and the results evidence consistency of sedimentation in the river bed.

Street Level Flood Monitoring and Warning System, a conceptual model using IoT: A Case of Surat City

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Anant Patel ◽  
Sanjay Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Flood Monitoring

Most of the natural disasters are unpredictable, but the most frequent occurring catastrophic event over the globe is flood. Developing countries are severely affected by the floods because of the high frequencies of floods. The developing countries do not have good forecasting system compared to the developed country. The metro cities are also settled near the coast or river bank which are the most vulnerable places to floods. This study proposes plan for street level flood monitoring and warning system for the Surat city, India. Waterlogging happens in the low lying area of the Surat city due to heavy storm and heavy releases from the Ukai dam. The high releases from upstream Ukai dam and heavy rainfall resulted into flooding in the low lying area of the Surat city. This research proposed a wireless water level sensor network system for the street water level flood monitoring. The system is proposed to monitor the water levels of different areas of city through the wireless water level sensors as well as to capture live photos using CCTV camera. This will help authority not only to issue flood warning but also to plan flood mitigation measures and evacuation of people.

Characterization and Combustion of SRC II Fuel Oil

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-678
Author(s):  
W. Downs ◽  
S. J. Vecci ◽  
J. A. Barsin ◽  
W. C. Rovesti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Petroleum Distillate ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The One ◽  
Combustion Tests

This paper deals with an experimental evaluation of the combustion properties of solvent refined coal II fuel oil. The purpose was to identify problems, if any, associated with handling, storing, pumping, and burning SRC fuel oil. Detailed fuels characterizations were performed and compared to petroleum distillate products. Laboratory fuel analyses and combustion tests were performed with SRC fuel oil, No. 2 fuel oil, and No. 5 fuel oil. Four B&W atomizers were tested and two B&W oil burners were utilized. The laboratory fuel analyses indicated that in most respects this SRC fuel oil sample behaved similarly to No. 2 fuel oil. The combustion tests confirmed that expectation. The one identified problem was relatively high concentrations of fuel-bound nitrogen and, consequently NOx emissions were relatively high. It was concluded that SRC fuel oil may require the application of NOx combustion control techniques.

scholarly journals Structural and functional responses of Carex aquatilis to increasing sodium concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-763
Author(s):  
Dale H. Vitt ◽  
Lilyan C. Glaeser ◽  
Melissa House ◽  
Samantha P. Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Carex Aquatilis ◽  
Athabasca Oil Sands Region ◽  
Threshold Response ◽  
Brackish Marshes ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Carex aquatilis is a widespread boreal species that is abundant in open fens and marshes. The species has broad natural tolerances to differing water levels and ion concentrations including occurrences in brackish marshes but not sodic wetlands. Sandhill Wetland, constructed on Syncrude Canada Ltd. mineral surface lease in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, is a research site that was engineered to support a self-sustaining wetland. The site is currently in its eighth year post wet-up and is partially dominated by C. aquatilis. Increasing Na+ concentrations in the porewaters at Sandhill Wetland are an on-going concern for the performance of the existing plant communities. Here we examine the responses of C. aquatilis to an increasing regime of sodium carried out in a greenhouse experiment. We posed three questions for this experiment: (1) is there a threshold response for performance of C. aquatilis to increasing sodium, (2) if so, does it occur in the range of sodium that is present at current reclamation programs, and (3) is C. aquatilis resistant to high concentrations of sodium? Carex aquatilis survived all treatment concentrations of sodium including the highest treatment of 2354 mg L− 1. In general, both structural and functional attributes of C. aquatilis did not differ between the 17 and 1079 mg L− 1 treatments; however, performances of all attributes were reduced in the 2354 mg L− 1 treatment. Belowground biomass had greater decreases compared to aboveground components, including both biomass and photosynthesis. The aboveground decreases in performance were associated with exclusion of sodium from the aboveground components by the belowground components. Reduction in photosynthesis was strongly correlated with reduced stomatal conductance and lower transpiration. Although C. aquatilis demonstrated a wide tolerance to sodium concentrations, a clear threshold was present between 1079 and 2354 mg L− 1. These decreases in performance in our greenhouse trials were at levels currently present at Sandhill Wetland, and careful assessment of sodium concentrations in the near future needs to be continued.

scholarly journals Operational Strategies and Adaptation of RBF Well Construction to Cope with Climate Change Effects at Budapest, Hungary

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Nagy-Kovács ◽  
Balázs László ◽  
Elek Simon ◽  
Ernő Fleit
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Floods And Droughts ◽  
Hungarian Experience ◽  
Technical Measures ◽  
River Bank Filtration

The objective of this paper is to give an overview on the Hungarian experience of river bank filtration (RBF) systems. The study addresses the conflict, which arises between the stochastic character of river water quantity and quality, and the required standard of drinking-water supply. Trends in water levels, flow, and water quality are discussed, along with technical measures and operational rules that were developed for implementation of RBF systems. This paper also provides an overview of the average lifespan of the wells and operational strategies. The emerging reconstruction and reconditioning needs are highlighted, and existing alternatives are presented. Large-scale infrastructural elements, such as the Danube-based RBF systems, have to be adapted to a changing environment. The increasing frequency of floods and droughts stresses the need to implement climate-adapted RBF systems and related operational strategies. Operational strategies which were developed by the Budapest Waterworks to deal with extreme hydrological scenarios are presented.

CONTAINMENT AND REMOVAL OF FUEL OIL FROM GROUNDWATER BENEATH A DENSELY POPULATED HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. McNally ◽  
Craig G. Robertson ◽  
Ned E. Wehler
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Irrigation Pond ◽  
New Castle County ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
Product Thickness

ABSTRACT A leak from a buried pipeline resulted in the loss of approximately 30,000 gallons of No. 2 fuel oil beneath a housing development in suburban New Castle County, Delaware. After seeping to the water table, the resultant hydrocarbon plume threatened the homes as well as a downgradient stream and an irrigation pond. Site geology consisted of a highly-weathered metamorphic rock overlain by varying thicknesses of fill material. A steep water table gradient existed; the depth to the water table ranged between 6 and 17 feet below grade. Two-inch monitoring wells were installed in public easements and the back yards of private residences. The extent of the oil plume was determined by measuring product thicknesses, which ranged from a few inches to over 5 feet, in monitoring wells. To establish hydrodynamic control and prevent further migration of the plume, two eight-inch recovery wells were drilled and configured with water-table depression pumps. For product recovery, Auto-Skimmers were selected because of the variable water levels and need to leave no measurable product thickness in the wells. The potential for product recovery in other parts of the site was determined by performing unattended one-week recovery tests in the two-inch monitoring wells under non-pumping conditions using an Auto-Skimmer. Based on these results, three additional six-inch recovery wells were drilled. The recovery operation successfully halted the advancement of the contaminant plume and protected the downgradient stream and irrigation pond. In addition, more than 3,000 gallons of fuel oil were recovered from the subsurface. After 18 months, the recovery equipment was removed and only periodic monitoring of the monitoring wells was required.

Evaluation of Zinc Contamination in the Sediments of Salt River Mouth, Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 893-896
Author(s):  
Chun Ting Chen ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Cheng Di Dong ◽  
Ming Sheng Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Salt River ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Zinc Contamination

The distribution, enrichment, and accumulation of Zinc (Zn) in the surface sediments of Salt River mouth, Taiwan, were studied. Results show that samples collected from nine stations near the mouth of Salt River contain 440–1,820 mg/kg of Zn with average of 951±811 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Zn reveals is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Enrichment factor analysis indicates that the sediments of Salt River mouth were moderately severe enrichment with Zn. Geo-accumulation index analysis indicates that the sediments of Salt River mouth were strongly accumulated with Zn. Base on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the concentrations of Zn in the sediments of Salt River mouth may cause acute biological damage.

Submerged Macrophytes in Lake Ontario: Current Knowledge, Importance, Threats to Stability, and Needed Studies

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1539-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Crowder ◽  
D. S. Painter
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Nursery Habitats ◽  
High Concentrations

The submerged limnetic community in Lake Ontario includes algae, bryophytes, and about 30 species of angiosperms. Their distribution is accurately known in some areas but not lake-wide, and a whole-lake survey is recommended. In nutrient cycling, submergents act as sinks during the summer; metals and metalloids occur in high concentrations in tissues from some areas. Known herbivores include invertebrates, fish, and waterfowl. Stands are necessary for many fish taxa as breeding or nursery habitats, and for waterfowl, but may be damaged by carp (Cyprinus carpio). Stability has been affected by water levels, sedimentation, wave and ice movement, invasive species, herbivory, eutrophication and turbidity, and contaminants. Recovery after control of P loading has occurred in Irondequoit Bay but is delayed by turbidity in the Bay of Quinte.

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