Determination and Analysis of Metals in Freshwater Microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis) through Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TXRF)

This work investigates the concentration of some trace elements in freshwater microalgae ( Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis) through total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF). Slurry samples were prepared from 3.4 ± 0.5 to 9.8 ± 0.5 mg of freeze-dried algae biomass for direct metals analysis. Gallium was used as internal standard at concentration of 500 µg/L and the solution was mixed for 15 second using vortex. The concentrations of different metals including Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe) were determined in the ranged 6.8 ± 1.7 – 15709 mg/kg. A similar study investigated the total macro and micronutrient profile Chlorella vulgaris and the published data agree with current study. Statistical analysis shows that only Ba has significant difference between Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis (P = 0.05) The two investigated algal species shows a measurable concentration using TXRF of metals such as manganese, iron, copper, and zinc. TXRF shows good accuracy with ability to determine sample in small quantities (µl) In conclusion, the sensitivity of TXRF technique can also be seen in determining elements with lower atomic number such as Ca, P and K.

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Surface chemical analysis. Use of Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy in biological and environmental analysis

10.3403/30276380u ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽

Environmental Analysis ◽

Total Reflection ◽

Surface Chemical ◽

X Ray ◽

Surface Chemical Analysis

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Surface chemical analysis. Use of Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy in biological and environmental analysis

10.3403/30276380 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽

Environmental Analysis ◽

Total Reflection ◽

Surface Chemical ◽

X Ray ◽

Surface Chemical Analysis

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Recent and future developments in low power total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy ◽

10.1016/j.sab.2006.10.005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (10-11) ◽

pp. 1115-1118 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

U. Waldschlaeger

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽

Low Power ◽

Total Reflection ◽

X Ray ◽

Future Developments

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Distribution of Calcium and Phosphate in Cells of the Enamel Organ in the Rat Lower Incisor

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/08959374870010021201 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 236-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

T. Kawamoto ◽

M. Shimizu

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Whole Body ◽

Enamel Organ ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

X Ray ◽

Other Hand ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cell Layers

The distribution of calcium and phosphate in the cells of the enamel organ of the rat lower incisors was investigated by autoradiography and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS). Radioactive calcium or phosphate was injected i.p. into seven-day-old rats of the Wistar strain. The animals were frozen 0.5, 1, and 10 min after injection, and embedded in 5% carboxymethyl cellulose. Sagittal sections of 10 μm thickness were made in which the lower incisor was included as a part of the whole-body section. For autoradiography, the sections were freeze-dried and placed in contact with dry thin films prepared from autoradiographic emulsion. For EDS, sections were mounted on carbon stubs, freeze-dried, coated with carbon, and examined by EDS in a SEM. 45Ca and 32P autoradiograms showed that the radioactivity was located over the papillary layer cells adjacent to the secretory stage ameloblasts and was much higher here than in the ameloblastic layer. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the amount of radioactivity of these two cell layers in the maturation stage, although higher radioactivity was detectable in the maturation stage enamel than in the secretory stage enamel. Pronounced Ka x-ray peaks were obtained for P, S, Cl, and K originating from the cells of the papillary and ameloblastic layers in the secretory stage, but only very low peaks were obtained for Ca. On the other hand, in addition to these elements, remarkably high Ca and Fe peaks could be detected in the ameloblastic layer of the maturation stage.

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