scholarly journals Measurement of (40K, 238U and 232Th) and Associated Dose Rates in Soil and Commonly Consumed Foods (Vegetables and Tubers) at Okitipupa, Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. Ibitola, Gilbert ◽  
Ajanaku Olanrewaju ◽  
Ilori, Abiola Olawale ◽  
R. O. Aremu ◽  
I. A. A. Omosebi
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this present study is to collect soil samples and some commonly consumed food materials in Ondo State, Nigeria such as tubers (cassava, Manihot esculent and yam, Dioscorea alata) samples and vegetables (waterleaf, Talinium triangulare and bitter leaf, Vernonia amygdalina) samples at some selected locations in Okitipupa, Ondo state, Southwestern, Nigeria in order to determine the following natural radionuclides (40K, 238U and 232Th) levels using a well calibrated NaI(TI) which is well shielded with a detector coupled to a computer resident quantum MCA2100R Multichannel. The transfer factors, annual absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose in the samples collected were estimated. The results showed that the measured natural radionuclides were present in the mean concentrations of 323.79 ± 12.45 Bqkg-1, 81.87 ± 45.30 Bqkg-1 and 57.62 ± 18.04 Bqkg-1 for 40K; 11.76 ± 36.03 Bqkg-1, 4.67 ± 10.12 Bqkg-1 and 3.45 ± 2.10 Bqkg-1 for 238U and 9.66 ± 0.89 Bqkg-1, 3.07 ± 2.45 Bqkg-1  and 2.45 ± 0.92 Bqkg-1  for 232Th for soil, yam and cassava samples respectively. The results also showed that the radionuclides were present in the concentrations of 11.76 ± 36.03 Bqkg-1 and 9.66 ± 0.89 Bqkg-1 for 40K; 9.67 ± 8.53 Bqkg-1 and 7.87 ± 1.89 Bqkg-1 for 238U and 8.63 ± 6.08 Bqkg-1 and 6.58 ± 0.76 Bqkg-1 for 232Th for waterleaf and bitter leaf samples respectively. The soil-to-yam transfer factors were found to be 0.26, 0.40 and 0.32 for 40K, 238U and 232Th and soil-to-cassava yam transfer factors were found to be 0.18, 0.29 and 0.25 for 40K, 238U and 232Th respectively. The soil-to-waterleaf transfer factors were found to be 0.37, 0.82 and 0.82 for 40K, 238U and 232Th while the soil-to-bitter leaf transfer factors were found to be 0.32, 0.74 and 0.68 for 40K, 238U and 232Th respectively. The mean absorbed dose rate was 25.08 ± 0.57  and the mean annual outdoor effective dose was 46.17 . The annual effective dose reported for this present study area represents 65.95% of the world average value of 70.00 and 47.11% of Nigeria value of 98.00 mSvy-1  

scholarly journals 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K activities and associated radiological hazards in building materials of Islamabad capital territory, Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
The Mean

Radioactivity levels in building materials, collected from the Islamabad capital territory have been determined by using a gamma spectrometric technique. Measured specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in material samples ranged from 8 ? 1 to 116 ? 6 Bq/kg, 9 ? 1 to 152 ? ? 5 Bq/kg, and 29 ? 6 to 974 ? 23 Bq/kg, respectively. The radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and gamma index were evaluated from the measured amounts of radioactivity to assess the radiation hazard associated with the studied building materials. The mean radium equivalent activity, the absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose estimated ranged from 81 ? 6 to 221 ? 11 Bq/kg, 38 ? 3 to 104 ? 5 nGy/h, and 0.23 ? 0.02 to 0.64 ? 0.03 mSv, respectively. The ranges of the calculated Raeq were found to be lower than the values recommended for construction materials (370 Bq/kg). The mean values of the internal and external hazard indices were found in the range of 0.30 ? 0.02 to 0.78 ? 0.05 and 0.22 ? 0.02 to 0.60 ? 0.03, respectively. The results of the materials examined indicate no significant radiological hazards arise from using such material in building construction.

scholarly journals Uptake and Distribution of Natural Radionuclides in Cassava Crops from Nigerian Government Farms

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
C. P. Ononugbo ◽  
O. Azikiwe ◽  
G. O. Avwiri
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
The Mean

Radioactivity distribution and transfer factor (TF) in plants are crucial parameters used to assess radioactive contamination in the environment, impact of soil radioactivity on agricultural crops and its risks to humans.  The root crop cassava (Manihot esculenta) provides about 50 percent of the calories consumed in Nigeria. Gamma - ray spectroscopy was used to measure activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in cassava root and soil. The average activity concentration of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in cassava was 565.31± 13.17, 21.89±5.94 and 817.28±2.52 Bqkg-1 respectively. The mean activity concentration   40K, 226Ra and 232Th in soil range from 92.07±35.08 to 689.28±14.35 Bqkg-1with a mean value of 413.64±21.22 Bqkg-1, 5.37 ± 8.90 to 64.93 ± 7.23 Bqkg-1 with a mean value of 54.43 ± 3.22 and BDL to 928.15 ± 2.36 Bqkg-1 with a mean value of 561.67 ± 2.21 Bqkg-1. The transfer values for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were in the range of 0 to 1.81, 0 to 3.41 and 0.68 to 4.5 respectively. The high value of transfer factor for 40k may be due to its importance in plant growth, fertilization and adaptability of plant to environmental pressures. It may have also been enhanced by the application of NPK fertilizers in those farms. Thorium showed the highest mean transfer factor which may be due to its higher accumulation in soil and higher uptake by plants (Figure 3). The average transfer factors of 226Ra (0.99) < 40K (1.55) < 232Th (1.66) show that although activity concentration of the natural radioisotopes in the area under study are high, the rate at which they are transferred to cassava are still moderate.  The average values of radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose rate (AEDE), internal hazard index and excess life cancer risk (ELCR) are 1009.27 Bqk-1, 346.50 nGyh-1, 1.51 mSvy-1, 2.78 and 3.92 x 10-3 for respectively. These values were higher than their corresponding permissible values of 370Bqk-1, 55nGyh-1, 1.0 mSvy-1, 1.0 and 0.29 x 10-3 respectively. The mean values of Hex and Hin are greater than unity and may, therefore, constitute a significant radiological health risk. The mean annual gonad dose estimated value of 2943.90 mSvy-1  was above the world acceptable value of 300 mSvy-1 and the annual effective dose in all the samples except in few locations as shown in Figure 2, exceeded the safe value of 1.0 mSvy-1. The use of soil from these farms and the crops may constitute a threat to the bone marrow and general health conditions of the inhabitants.

scholarly journals Measurement of Terrestrial Gamma Radiation Level and Annual Effective Dose in and Around Nuggihalli-Holenarasipura Schist Belts, Karnataka State, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1-Feb) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Niranjan R S ◽  
Ningappa C ◽  
Nandakumar V ◽  
Harshavardhana C N
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Gamma Radiations ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

All individual living beings on the earth are exposed continuously to the radiations coming from terrestrial and extraterrestrial sources and also from their own bodies. The indoor and outdoor ambient gamma radiations are measured in and around Nuggihalli- Holenarasipura schist belts of Hassan district in Karnataka state. The measurements are carried out using the environment radiation dosimeter UR 705 which is a portable detector. Absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose rate are estimated by measuring the exposure rate. The total annual effective dose calculated from both indoor and outdoor varies from 0.68 to1.62 mSv.y-1 with an average value of 1.16 mSv.y-1. The calculated indoor and outdoor annual effective doses are found to be higher than the world average.

scholarly journals Estimation of radioecological parameters of soil samples from a phosphatic area

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaaban Harb ◽  
Noor Ahmed ◽  
Wael Badawy ◽  
Nagwa Saad
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Range Of Values

The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) for a set of 31 agricultural soil samples from the Nile River banks in the area of El-Sebaiya city, Aswan Governorate, Egypt were measured by gamma-spectrometry. The study revealed that the average activity concentrations of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 23.2 ? 2.8Bq/kg, 21.1 ? 2.8 Bq/kg, and 218.6 ? 3.7 Bq/kg, respectively. The obtained results of the activity concentrations are within the range of values reported for neighbouring areas in Egypt. The values obtained for the hazard indices and the representative level index in all sampling sites were lower than unity, showing that there is no significant risk arising from the exposure to the soil in the studied area. The absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose in air outdoors and indoors were calculated from 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soil, the average values being 32.64 nGy/h, 40.06 ?Sv, and 160.25 ?Sv, respectively. The absorbed dose rate at the eastof El-Sebaiya city is higher than that obtained for the west because of higher concentrations of tri-calcium phosphate in the soil. The studied area is not significantly affected by the industrial activities, except for a few isolated spots.

Natural Radioactivity Measurement in Soil Samples From The New Kufa University Location, Iraq

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiyam Najy Majeed ◽  
Ali . K. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
World Average ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The World

Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city on of the most important cities in Iraqi country it was chosen as the cultural Islamic capital for 2012 by the Islamic world ,Kufa university will be played big role of liability, cultural and education efficacies, this city had been exposed to artillery bombard expand along different areas in 1991 and 2003 in our research we try to test the studying area to know The total absorbed dose rate and the most possible hazards for this reasons the study was done. The natural radiation of thirty two samples of soil which collected randomly in June 2012 from the new Kufa University location were measured using Na(Tl) detection. The mean values activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K was (25.73±11.23 , 3.72±0.81 and 165.16±9.39 ) Bq kg-1 respectively . The highest value of the Radium equivalent activity was (30.870) Bq.kg–1 in (S2) which mean that all the soil samples values lower than (370Bq kg-1) the world average . External and internal hazard and gamma activity concentration (representative level index) indexes were lower than unity for all samples . The average value of absorbed dose rate calculated from activity concentration of 238U , 232Th and 40K was (20.553) nGy h-1 this value coincident to recommended. Annual effective dose in (?Sv/y) varies from (36.912) (?Sv/y) in (S15) to (15.460) (?Sv/y) in (S8) , all the soil samples have the annual effective dose less than the world average 460 (?Sv/y). The results can be consider as base values for distribution of natural radionuclides in the region and will be used as references information to assess any changed in the radioactive background level due to geological processes.

scholarly journals Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides Accumulation in Palm Oil from Soil

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
O. B. Olafisoye ◽  
◽  
O. O. Oguntibeju ◽  
O. A. Osibote
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Activity Concentrations

Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) radiation detector was used to estimate the activity concentration of fifteen soil and palm oil samples collected from the oil palm plantations in the southwestern, southeastern, and south southern states of Nigeria, and the risk assessments was evaluated. The activity concentrations at a soil depth 0 – 15 cm ranged from 187.4 to 514.4, 2.328 to 6.571, and 1.509 to 6.121 Bq/kg for 40K, 238U, and 232Th, respectively. The activity concentrations at a soil depth 15 – 30 cm ranged from 163.4 to 3188.8, 1.345 to 9.410, and 1.476 to 6.275 Bq/kg for 40K, 238U, and 232Th, respectively. The activity concentrations in the palm oil ranged from 122.3 to 968.0, 1.240 to 6.651, and 1.199 to 8.061 Bq/L for 40K, 238U, and 232Th. For the risk assessments of surface soil samples, the absorbed dose rate (D) ranged from 5.09 to 24.54 nGy/h, while the annual effective dose equivalent (E) ranged from 0.612 × 10-2 to 16.49 × 10-2 mSv/y. The radium equivalent, gamma absorbed dose rate, and the annual effective dose rate in the palm oil samples ranged from 9.981 to 88.00 Bq/L, 4.315 to 46.29 nGy/h, and 0.53 × 10-2 to 56.90 x 10-2 mSv/y, respectively. The activity concentrations reported for soil and palm oil samples were lower than the recommended world average values given by UNSCEAR. Hence, the hazard and risk assessments indicated a low radiation risk within the studied areas.

scholarly journals Radiometric Survey of Granitic Quarry Site of Ebony State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Onwuka ◽  
C. P. Ononugbo
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Radiometric Survey ◽  
The Mean

Radiometric survey of the granitic quarry site at Ishiagu and its environment was done using two radiation monitors and geographical positioning system (GPS) for GIS mapping. In-situ measurement of exposure rate was carried out following the international standard organizational standard between May 2018 and June 2019. The measured average exposure rates ranged from 0.010± 0.002 to 0.038 ± 0.003 mRh-1 with mean value of 0.026 ±0.005 mRh-1. The estimated outdoor absorbed dose rate ranged from 87.0 to 330.6 nGyh-1 with mean value of 228.38 nGyh-1. The equivalent dose rate ranges from 0.84 to 3.20 mSvy-1 with mean value of 2.21 mSvy-1. The mean annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) calculated was 0.28 mSvy-1 while the mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was 0.98 x 10-3. The estimated annual effective dose to different organs showed that the testes have the highest annual effective  dose of 0.191 mSvy-1 followed by ovaries and kidney of 0.135 and 0.139 mSvy-1 respectively while the liver has the lowest annual effective  dose of 0.103 mSvy-1. The radiation contour map of the area showed the distribution of radiation of high and low areas. The result showed that the radiation exposure rate and its associated radiological risk parameters exceeded the safe limits prescribed by ICRP and also the values reported in literatures. However, these values may not constitute acute health risk but long term exposure of residents and workers may be detrimental to their health. Therefore adequate monitoring of this quarry site is necessary to checkmate the exposure rate and provide some protective measures for quarry workers.

scholarly journals Transfer factors for the „soil-cereals” system in the region of Pcinja, Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381
Author(s):  
Jelena Markovic ◽  
Svetlana Stevovic ◽  
Milica Rajacic ◽  
Dragana Todorovic ◽  
Jelena Krneta-Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Uranium Isotopes ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Cereal Samples ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Good Agreement

The aim of the paper was to estimate the values of transfer factors for natural radionuclides (40K, 226Ra, 232Th, 235U, and 238U) and 137Cs from soil to plants (cereals: wheat, corn and barley) as important parameters for the agricultures in the selection of the location and the sort of cereals to be planted on. The results presented in this paper refer to the ?soil-cereals? system in the region of Pcinja, Serbia. Total of 9 samples of soil and 7 samples of cereals were measured in the Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, using three high-purity germanium detectors for gamma spectrometry measurements. In all the samples, transfer factors for 226Ra are significantly lower than for 40K, but they are all in good agreement with the literature data. On the three investigated locations, the calculated values of transfer factors for 40K were in the range of 0.144 to 0.392, while in the case of 226Ra, the transfer factors ranged from 0.008 to 0.074. Only one value (0.051) was obtained for transfer factor of 232Th. Specific activities of 137Cs, as well as uranium isotopes, in all the investigated cereal samples, were below minimal detectable activity concentrations. Also, the absorbed dose rate and the annual absorbed dose from the natural radionuclides in the soil, were calculated. The absorbed dose rate ranged from 49-86 nSv/h, while the annual absorbed dose ranged from 0.061-0.105 mSv. The measurements presented in this manuscript are the first to be conducted in the region of Pcinja, thus providing the results that can be used as a baseline for future measurements and monitoring.

Soil mineral analysis and environmental radioactivity in Ghizer, Eastern Hindukush, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Wasim ◽  
Sardar Ali Shah ◽  
Arfan Tariq ◽  
Manzoor Ali
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Effective Dose Rate ◽  
Annual Effective Dose Rate

Abstract Distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs and 40K) was determined in 32 samples from Ghizer, an Eastern Hindukush district at an altitude of 2286 m in Pakistan using high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffractometry identified quartz, calcite, albite and anorthite as major phases whereas actinolite, chlorite serpentine and kaolinite as minor phases. The activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs and 40K varied from 25.2 ± 1.7 to 145.3 ± 10.1 Bq kg−1, 24.9 ± 1.1 to 197 ± 9 Bq kg−1, 2.03 ± 0.21 to 16.7 ± 1.1 and 252 ± 6 to 1433 ± 35 Bq kg−1, respectively. The samples yielded average radium equivalent activity as 178.4 ± 23.3 Bq kg−1. The majority of the samples revealed external hazard index and representative level index less than one. The average air absorbed dose rate was 91.2 ± 13.6 nGy h−1 corresponding to the annual effective dose rate 111.8 ± 17.4 μSv y−1. These values were higher than the world averages for air absorbed dose rate and outdoor annual effective dose rate. Principal component analysis was applied to obtain distribution pattern within the samples and among the radionuclides.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document