Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Dysfunction

Background: Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin has its receptor present in myriad of tissues and it modulates multiple cellular processes. Vitamin D deficiency is reported to be associated with coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Aims and Objective: The primary outcome was to investigate if there is a correlation of 25-OH levels with the percentage of luminal stenosis, as measured with coronary angiogram. The secondary outcome was to determine the differences in angiographically proven luminal stenosis across categories of 25-OH vitamin D levels. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with acute coronary syndrome with diabetes mellitus were included in this cross-sectional descriptive study. All patients were tested for fasting vitamin D levels, fasting blood sugar, HbA1C and serum creatinine. Detailed history of the patients was recorded. Data was analyzed by the statistical software SPSS version 19 and p value <0.05 was considered significant. Statistical tests like Chi- square, independent t test and log regression was used. Results: In this study 30 patients undergoing coronary angiography for acute coronary syndrome, Vitamin D levels showed severe deficiency in 6.7% (2) cases while mild deficiency was seen in 50% of the cases. Patients with single vessel disease on the coronary angiogram had lower mean HbA1C (9.18) levels in our study. Patients with triple vessel disease had poorly controlled mean HbA1C levels (10.42). Conclusion: In this study we did not find any significant difference between the serum Vitamin D deficiency levels with patients with angiographic severity of the coronary artery disease. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus had more severe angiographic proven coronary artery disease.

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Role of Selected miRNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases, Including Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction and Atherosclerosis

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease ◽

10.3390/jcdd8020022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Rashid Mir ◽

Imadeldin Elfaki ◽

Naina Khullar ◽

Ajaz Ahmad Waza ◽

Chandan Jha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiac Dysfunction ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Prognostic Biomarkers ◽

Apoptotic Bodies ◽

Artery Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide in different cohorts. It is well known that miRNAs have a crucial role in regulating the development of cardiovascular physiology, thus impacting the pathophysiology of heart diseases. MiRNAs also have been reported to be associated with cardiac reactions, leading to myocardial infarction (MCI) and ultimately heart failure (HF). To prevent these heart diseases, proper and timely diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction is pivotal. Though there are many symptoms associated with an irregular heart condition and though there are some biomarkers available that may indicate heart disease, authentic, specific and sensitive markers are the need of the hour. In recent times, miRNAs have proven to be promising candidates in this regard. They are potent biomarkers as they can be easily detected in body fluids (blood, urine, etc.) due to their remarkable stability and presence in apoptotic bodies and exosomes. Existing studies suggest the role of miRNAs as valuable biomarkers. A single biomarker may be insufficient to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI); thus, a combination of different miRNAs may prove fruitful. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the role of circulating miRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI) and atherosclerosis.

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Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated With the Development of Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in African Americans With HIV Infection

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.2310/jim.0b013e318250bf99 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 801-807 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hong Lai ◽

Barbara Detrick ◽

Elliot K. Fishman ◽

Gary Gerstenblith ◽

Jeffrey A. Brinker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

African Americans ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Artery Disease

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VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE EXTENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(14)61605-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. A1602

Author(s):

Monica Verdoia ◽

Alon Schaffer ◽

Lucia Barbieri ◽

Ettore Cassetti ◽

Paolo Marino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Artery Disease

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Serum Vitamin D Level in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Association with Sun Exposure: Experience from a Tertiary Care, Teaching Hospital in India

Advances in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/6823417 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tauseef Akhtar ◽

Ramesh Aggarwal ◽

Sachin Kumar Jain

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Artery Disease

Background. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, has various extraskeletal effects, and several human and animal studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency may be a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, such studies in the Indian subcontinent are either lacking or have shown conflicting results. Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 121 patients with CAD from a tertiary care center and their 80 age-matched healthy controls. Serum vitamin D levels along with serum and urine chemistries were measured in both the groups. The average duration of sun exposure/day and use of sunscreen were also considered in the study cohort using a questionnaire. Serum vitamin D levels were categorized into deficient (<30 nmol/lit), insufficient (30–75 nmol/lit), and sufficient (>75 nmol/lit) groups. Results. Among the cases, 51.2% of the patients were vitamin D deficient and 44.6% patients had insufficient vitamin D levels, whereas among controls, 40% and 31% of the population had deficient and insufficient levels of vitamin D, respectively. However, the mean value of the serum vitamin D level was not statistically different in the cases as compared to that of the controls (34.06 vs 40.19 nmol/lit) (P=0.08). Corrected serum calcium (9.26 vs 9.59 mg%) (P≤0.0001) and serum albumin levels (4.21 vs 4.75 gm%) (P≤0.0001) were lower in the cases than those of the controls. The average sun exposure/day was higher among the cases than that among the controls (2.93 vs 1.85 hours) (P=0.001). Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in Indian population despite abundant sunshine, and the duration of sun exposure is not correlated with serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency is not associated with CAD. However, serum calcium is deficient in CAD patients as compared to the controls. Large-scale studies are required to explore the association further to evaluate the benefits of screening and correction of vitamin D deficiency in patients with CAD.

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The Role of Vitamin D Deficiency and Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes on the Degree of Collateralization in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/304250 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Arash Hossein-Nezhad ◽

Seyede Mahdieh Eshaghi ◽

Zhila Maghbooli ◽

Khadijeh Mirzaei ◽

Mahmood Shirzad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Vitamin D Receptor ◽

Suspected Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Vdr Gene ◽

Foki Polymorphism ◽

Severe Vitamin ◽

Artery Disease

We determined the association of vitamin D deficiency and the FokI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in 760 patients who underwent angiography due to suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Angiography and the Rentrop scoring system were used to classify the severity of CAD in each patient and to grade the extent of collateral development, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine the FokI VDR gene polymorphism. The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL) was significantly higher in patients with at least one stenotic coronary artery compared to those without any stenotic coronary arteries. Severe vitamin D deficiency was not independently associated with collateralization, but it was significantly associated with the VDR genotypes. In turn, VDR genotype was independently associated with the degree of collateralization; the Rentrop scores were the highest in FF, intermediate in Ff, and the lowest in the ff genotype. The results show that FokI polymorphism is independently associated with collateralization. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in patients with CAD that may result from FokI polymorphism. Therefore, maintaining a normal vitamin D status should be a high priority for patients with CAD.

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Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Silent Coronary Artery Disease in Cardiovascularly Asymptomatic African Americans With HIV Infection

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/cis306 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 54 (12) ◽

pp. 1747-1755 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

H. Lai ◽

G. Gerstenblith ◽

E. K. Fishman ◽

J. Brinker ◽

T. Kickler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

African Americans ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Silent Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Artery Disease

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Links between low physical activity and vitamin D deficiency on coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography

Journal of Cardiology & Current Research ◽

10.15406/jccr.2018.11.00384 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 131-124

Author(s):

Rastegar Hoseini ◽

Zahra Hoseini

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Angiography ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Artery Disease

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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with established coronary artery disease

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201513 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1629

Author(s):

Sapneet Kaur ◽

Harleen Kaur ◽

Susheel Kumar Sharma ◽

Amarjeet Singh Bhatia

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Government Medical College ◽

Medical College ◽

Established Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Cardiology Department ◽

Male Patients ◽

Artery Disease

Background:Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in this part of the country, in spite of the fact that there is ample sunshine and the economic status of the people is good. Several studies have suggested possible link between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease risk. Hence authors evaluated the patients with established coronary artery disease attending cardiology department of super speciality hospital, Government Medical College Jammu, for their vitamin D status. Methods:The study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry Government Medical College Jammu and data of established cases of coronary artery disease patients attending cardiology department of super speciality hospital, government medical college Jammu was analyzed for vitamin D levels during the period from January 2019 to February, 2020.Results: A total of 200 established cases of coronary artery disease comprising of 130 male patients and 70 female patients were analyzed in the study, out of 200 cases, 190 (95%) were found to be having low levels of vitamin D in their blood (<30 ngm/dl). 123 (94.6%) out of a total of 130 male patients had vitamin D deficiency as compared to 67 (95.7%) out of 70 females patients.Conclusions:The study has revealed a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in established cases of coronary artery diseases. More detailed prospective studies are required to unravel the association of vitamin D and its role in prevention of coronary artery diseases in the absence of well-established risk factors like smoking, Diabetes, Hypertension and dyslipidaemias.

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