scholarly journals Validation of Surge Model Using Furrow Gradient and Flow Retardance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E. Sujitha ◽  
A. Selvaperumal ◽  
S. Senthilvel
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Front Advance ◽  
Surge Irrigation ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Advance Time ◽  
Water Front

Introduction: Surface irrigation, our oldest method of applying water on to the cropped land, has withstood the test of time because of its many advantages. Over the years, minor changes have been made to improve the efficiency of surface irrigation system. Aim: The present study was taken to validate the existing model with furrow gradient and flow retardance. Principle: The experimental layout has been made to accommodate the variance such as the furrow gradients (0.3%, 0.6% and 0.1%), the modes of irrigation namely the continuous flow as control and the surge flow as the treatment. Surge irrigation is a relatively new technique whereby water to surface irrigated furrows is applied intermittently in a series of relatively short ON and OFF time periods of irrigation cycles. Results: It is claimed that the ON-OFF cycling of the flow for specific time periods produces surges during the ON period and influences the soil intake during the OFF period when water soaks into the soil. The net result is a reduction in soil infiltration rates during subsequent surge ON periods and an increase in the rate of water front advance. The SURGEMODE model can only gives the net water front advance time that can be predicted for non-vegetated condition and a standard reference slope. However when the furrow is getting vegetated or when the slope gradients are changed, the water front advance predicted through the existing model cannot be predict accurately. Conclusion: Hence, the study involved to validate the existing model with furrow gradient and flow retardance. The use of revalidated existing SURGEMODE model with the correction factor would be the exact suitable model for the local condition.

Weidebevloeiing in de Brabantse Scheeken

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14
Author(s):  
HANS BLEUMINK
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Agricultural Water Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Water Boards

Historical surface irrigation of pastures in the Dutch province of Noord-Brabant: visible traces of a failed experiment In the second half of the 19th century, some major changes occurred in the water management of the eastern and southern provinces of the Netherlands. Unlike the low-lying western parts of the Netherlands which were characterised by polders and had a long history of formal water boards, the higher eastern and southern parts of the Netherlands were characterized by brook systems and sandy soils, and had no centralised water boards until 1850. From the 1850s onward, water boards were introduced in these higher regions as well, and agronomical scientists and organisations like the Nederlandse Heidemaatschappij endeavoured for the modernisation of agricultural water management. One of their priorities was the introduction of modern forms of surface irrigation of pastures, in order to increase crop yields. In various places modern irrigation systems were constructed. From the 1900s onward, these systems were abandoned due to the introduction of new chemical fertilizers, among others. This article describes the construction and abandonment of one of these modern irrigation systems that was located in Liempde, in the province of Noord-Brabant. The local farmers were not interested in the new technique, and within a few years the system was transformed in a poplar plantation. Nowadays, the area is part of a nature reserve. Nonetheless, the global layout of the irrigation system is still visible.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation and optimization studies of border irrigation system for wheat in the Indian Punjab

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanpreet Kaur ◽  
Amina Raheja ◽  
Rajan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Inflow Rate ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Off Time

Surface irrigation methods are the most widely practiced worldwide for irrigation of row crops. The major problem with these methods is low irrigation efficiency, mainly due to poor design. In the Punjab, border irrigation is used to irrigate wheat crops grown over 90% of the cultivated area. The evaluation of existing border systems using a surface irrigation model showed that the irrigation conditions, comprising of inflow rate, border dimensions, and cut-off time, were diverse in tubewell and canal irrigated areas. The study also examined the feasibility of optimizing border dimensions taking into consideration the existing irrigation conditions for achieving more than 60% application efficiency as compared to the 30–40% achieved under present field conditions. In the case of a border length of 60 m, it was recommended to increase border width in the range of 10–45 m and 20–60 m for different flow rates of 10, 20 and 30 L/s in light and medium soils, respectively. For higher flow rates, a border length ranging from 120–150 m was found to be optimum. For a border length of 150 m, it was recommended to keep a border width ranging from 4–38 m and 8–65 m in light soils and medium soils, respectively, for flow rates of 10, 20, 30 and 60 L/s. Optimizing border dimensions is a practical way to achieve efficient and judicious use of water resources.

scholarly journals A MODEL SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING CHEMICAL MOVEMENT THROUGH GOLF COURSE GREENS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 588d-588
Author(s):  
Albert E. Smith ◽  
Will Corley
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Model System ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Exit Port ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Predetermined Time

Lysimeters were developed in the greenhouse for simulating golf course greens with `Tifdwarf' bermudagrass and `Penncross' bentgrass overlying USGA specified rooting substratum. The lysimeters were constructed by subtending wooden flats containing turfgrass (38 × 38 × 14 cm deep) with polyvinyl chloride tubes (15 cm diam. × 52 cm deep) containing USGA-recommended rooting mixture for each turfgrass. The base of the tubes was capped with a closure containing an exit port for collecting the effluent drainage. An automatic irrigation system was developed by mounting flat fan nozzles on a cable driven roller 55 cm above the grass sod. The automatic water system is calibrated to irrigate at a rate of 0.1 cm min-1 for predetermined time-periods and volumes. The water flow through the lysimeters is uniform with a coefficient of variation less than 10% for 36 lysimeters. Data on chemical movement following treatment with three herbicides and weekly applications of fertilizer will be presented.

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