scholarly journals Performance evaluation and optimization studies of border irrigation system for wheat in the Indian Punjab

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanpreet Kaur ◽  
Amina Raheja ◽  
Rajan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Inflow Rate ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Off Time

Surface irrigation methods are the most widely practiced worldwide for irrigation of row crops. The major problem with these methods is low irrigation efficiency, mainly due to poor design. In the Punjab, border irrigation is used to irrigate wheat crops grown over 90% of the cultivated area. The evaluation of existing border systems using a surface irrigation model showed that the irrigation conditions, comprising of inflow rate, border dimensions, and cut-off time, were diverse in tubewell and canal irrigated areas. The study also examined the feasibility of optimizing border dimensions taking into consideration the existing irrigation conditions for achieving more than 60% application efficiency as compared to the 30–40% achieved under present field conditions. In the case of a border length of 60 m, it was recommended to increase border width in the range of 10–45 m and 20–60 m for different flow rates of 10, 20 and 30 L/s in light and medium soils, respectively. For higher flow rates, a border length ranging from 120–150 m was found to be optimum. For a border length of 150 m, it was recommended to keep a border width ranging from 4–38 m and 8–65 m in light soils and medium soils, respectively, for flow rates of 10, 20, 30 and 60 L/s. Optimizing border dimensions is a practical way to achieve efficient and judicious use of water resources.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WATER USE PLAN PROCEDURES, MEASURES AND WATER USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Matluba Muxammadiyeva ◽  
◽  
Iftixor Ergashev
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
A Performance

If we look at the existing irrigation methods used today in the country, then they are divided into: ground, rainfall, underground or underground, drip and spray. Basically, they are transferred to the irrigation field in two forms: through gravity and pressure irrigation systems. Naturally, a gravity irrigation system is economically more expensive than a low pressure irrigation system. However, from a performance appraisal stand point, pressure irrigation methods are less efficient and have serious disadvantages

Performance Evaluation of a Traveller Irrigation System

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardeep Jangra ◽  
R.K. Jhorar ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
S.K. Kamra
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Irrigation System

Weidebevloeiing in de Brabantse Scheeken

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14
Author(s):  
HANS BLEUMINK
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Agricultural Water Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Water Boards

Historical surface irrigation of pastures in the Dutch province of Noord-Brabant: visible traces of a failed experiment In the second half of the 19th century, some major changes occurred in the water management of the eastern and southern provinces of the Netherlands. Unlike the low-lying western parts of the Netherlands which were characterised by polders and had a long history of formal water boards, the higher eastern and southern parts of the Netherlands were characterized by brook systems and sandy soils, and had no centralised water boards until 1850. From the 1850s onward, water boards were introduced in these higher regions as well, and agronomical scientists and organisations like the Nederlandse Heidemaatschappij endeavoured for the modernisation of agricultural water management. One of their priorities was the introduction of modern forms of surface irrigation of pastures, in order to increase crop yields. In various places modern irrigation systems were constructed. From the 1900s onward, these systems were abandoned due to the introduction of new chemical fertilizers, among others. This article describes the construction and abandonment of one of these modern irrigation systems that was located in Liempde, in the province of Noord-Brabant. The local farmers were not interested in the new technique, and within a few years the system was transformed in a poplar plantation. Nowadays, the area is part of a nature reserve. Nonetheless, the global layout of the irrigation system is still visible.

scholarly journals A simulation study on the effect of climate change on crop water use and chill unit accumulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (7/8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun A. Ogundeji ◽  
Henry Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Chill Unit ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Climate change and its impact on already scarce water resources are of global importance, but even more so for water scarce countries. Apart from the effect of climate change on water supply, the chill unit requirement of deciduous fruit crops is also expected to be affected. Although research on crop water use has been undertaken, researchers have not taken the future climate into consideration. They also have focused on increasing temperatures but failed to relate temperature to chill unit accumulation, especially in South Africa. With a view of helping farmers to adapt to climate change, in this study we provide information that will assist farmers in their decision-making process for adaptation and in the selection of appropriate cultivars of deciduous fruits. Crop water use and chill unit requirements are modelled for the present and future climate. Results show that, irrespective of the irrigation system employed, climate change has led to increases in crop water use. Water use with the drip irrigation system was lower than with sprinkler irrigation as a result of efficiency differences in the irrigation technologies. It was also confirmed that the accumulated chill units will decrease in the future as a consequence of climate change. In order to remain in production, farmers need to adapt to climate change stress by putting in place water resources and crop management plans. Thus, producers must be furnished with a variety of adaptation or management strategies to overcome the impact of climate change.

Efficiencies of an Automated Surface Irrigation System With and Without a Runoff Re-Use System

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 0717-0719 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Fischbach and B. R. Somerhalder
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Surface Irrigation

scholarly journals Assessment of a Large Subsurface Controlled Drainage and Irrigation System: III. Water chemistry of the tile effluent and its potential impact on surface water resources

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-45 (2010-2011) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Michael Aide ◽  
Indi Braden ◽  
Neil Hermann ◽  
David Mauk ◽  
Wesley Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Abstract Controlled subsurface drainage irrigation systems promote crop productivity; however, these land management systems also allow an efficient pathway for the transport of elements from soils to surface water resources. The nitrate and macro-element effluent concentrations from tile-drainage involving a 40 ha controlled subsurface drainage irrigation system are described and compared to soil nitrate availability. Soil nitrate concentrations generally show an increase immediately after soil nitrogen fertilization practices and are sufficiently abundant to promote their transport from the soil resource to the tile-drain effluent waters. The data indicates that: (1) the transport of nitrate-N in tile-drain effluent waters is appreciable; (2) denitrification pathways effectively reduce a portion of the soil nitrate-N when the controlled drainage system establishes winter-early spring anoxic soil conditions, and (3) the best strategy for reducing nitrate-N concentrations in tile-drain effluent waters is adjusting N fertilization rates and the timing of their application. The development of bioreactors for simulating wetland conditions may further limit nitrate concentrations in surface waters because of soil drainage.

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