scholarly journals Paris Agreement Implementation in Nigeria: Compliance Level, Constraints and Possible Ways Forward

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
B. C. Anwadike
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Compliance Level ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Business As Usual

Nigeria has traditionally been an active participant within the United Nations (UN) systems and ideals enshrined in their conventions and treaties by being a signatory to various environmental treaties and conventions notably the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Nigeria signed the Kyoto Protocol and more recently the Paris Agreement on climate change alongside other 140 countries in December 2015 to mitigate the effects of global warming caused by the uncontrolled emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Nigeria is seriously impacted by climate change with consequences that includes vulnerability to drought, famine, flooding due to variability or change in rainfall pattern especially in the humid south and decreased rainfall in the savana region, soil erosion, sea level rise causing coastal areas to be submerged, declining surface and subsurface water etc Nigeria being a signatory to the Paris Agreement says she is committed to reducing GHG emissions by 20%  relative to a business as usual (BAU) of economic an emissions growth by 2030. As much as her good intentions abound, there are obvious constraints to the implementation of the Paris Accord and these include; institutional deficiencies and failure, ambiguos environmental legislation and laws, lack of policy framework, paucity of fund, fear of revenue loss from oil, lack of political will to diversify the economy, climate change has not been integrated into the development plan, paucity of GHG emission data etc.

Paris Agreement

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara A. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Global Response ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
The United Nations

The Paris Agreement sets forth a new international legal regime aimed at strengthening the global response to climate change. It was adopted in December 2015 at the annual gathering of parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Paris Agreement sits within and implements the Convention.

scholarly journals Development of UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Negotiations under COP25: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Asadnabizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Climate Change Negotiations ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Political Act ◽  
High Level

AbstractDevelopment of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Negotiations (UNFCCC) is based on the Conference of the Parties meetings. The Paris accord is a political act setting goals to, operationalize the rulebook agreement. The 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Poland agreed on a set of guidelines for implementing the landmark 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement. Katowice was a major step forward for operationalizing the Paris Agreement perspective though the negotiations were incomplete. The Article 6 chapter- market and non-market cooperative approaches- is being sent for completion to the next COP in Santiago. The present research has stressed that in COP25, article 6 would increase high level engagement of countries to finalize guidance with a perspective to prepare a decision by the end of the COP.

scholarly journals Building climate diplomacy back better: imagining the UNFCCC meetings of tomorrow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Klein ◽  
◽  
Katy Harris ◽  
Inès Bakhtaoui ◽  
Andrea Lindblom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
The Real ◽  
Climate Negotiations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Business As Usual

Could the future of our planet be decided on Zoom? The feasibility of “online climate negotiations” was the issue the OnCliNe project initially set out to assess. However, experiences over the last 18 months illustrated that many of the diverse activities organised under the umbrella of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) could be held online, albeit with challenges. The real question was whether they could be held in ways that increase the effectiveness, inclusiveness and transparency of the UNFCCC process. This report reflects the sentiment of many stakeholders that there is an opportunity to harness the interruption and introspection that the pandemic imposed into a “positive disruption” of the process. If actions taken now can transcend the tendency to return to “business as usual” as soon as circumstances allow, and instead work towards a meaningful transformation of the climate talks, the UNFCCC process can be made more fit for purpose for tackling one of humanity’s greatest challenges. This will require creativity, courage, and active and decisive leadership.

scholarly journals The implications of the United Nations Paris Agreement on climate change for globally significant biodiversity areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 395-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Warren ◽  
J. Price ◽  
J. VanDerWal ◽  
S. Cornelius ◽  
H. Sohl
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
The United Nations

Climate Multilateralism Within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Castro Pereira ◽  
Eduardo Viola
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
Commitment Period ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Dangerous Climate Change

The signing of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by 154 nations at the Rio “Earth Summit” in 1992 marked the beginning of multilateral climate negotiations. Aiming for the “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system,” the Convention divided parties according to different commitments and established the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDRRC) principle. In 1997, parties to the Convention adopted the Kyoto Protocol, which entered into force in 2005. The Protocol set internationally binding emission reduction targets based on a rigid interpretation of the CBDRRC principle. Different perceptions on a fair distribution of climate change mitigation costs hindered multilateral efforts to tackle the problem. Climate change proved a “super wicked” challenge (intricately linked to security, development, trade, water, energy, food, land use, transportation, etc.) and this fact led to a lack of consensus on the distribution of rights and responsibilities among countries. Indeed, since 1992, greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere have increased significantly and the Kyoto Protocol did not reverse the trend. In 2009, a new political framework, the Copenhagen Accord, was signed. Although parties recognized the need to limit global warming to < 2°C to prevent dangerous climate change, they did not agree on a clear path toward a legally-binding treaty to succeed the Kyoto Protocol, whose first commitment period would end in 2012. A consensus would only be reached in 2015, when a new, partially legally-binding treaty—the Paris Climate Agreement—committing all parties to limit global warming to “well below 2°C” was finally signed. It came into force in November 2016. Described in many political, public, and academic contexts as a diplomatic success, the agreement suffers, however, from several limitations to its effectiveness. The nationally determined contributions that parties have presented thus far under the agreement would limit warming to approximately 3°C by 2100, placing the Earth at a potentially catastrophic level of climate change. Forces that resist the profound transformations necessary to stabilize the Earth’s climate dominate climate change governance. Throughout almost three decades of international negotiations, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased substantially and at a rapid pace, and climate change has worsened significantly.

Climate Change and International Law beyond the UNFCCC

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Boyle ◽  
Navraj Singh Ghaleigh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
International Governance ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
The United Nations

This chapter discusses the various shortcomings of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. As a ‘framework convention’, the UNFCCC itself does not regulate climate change but only creates a basis for negotiating multilateral solutions. The Convention’s most evident weakness, as demonstrated during the Marrakesh Accords and the Copenhagen negotiations, is the dependence on the ability of the parties to reach the necessary agreement within a timescale. Complementary to the Convention, the Kyoto Protocol establishes quantitative emission restrictions to advanced industrial states, or Annex I parties. However, the Protocol only focuses on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions rather than on consumption, a reason which led to Canada’s withdrawal. According to international governance scholar Oran Young, these problems emerge as a result of the climate change regime not being based on ‘principles of fairness’ that are broadly acceptable major players.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency and Urban Climate Adaption

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7627
Author(s):  
Yongrok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Great Expectation ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
Climate Adaption ◽  
The United Nations

When the 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP25) was held in Madrid, Spain from 2 to 13 December, 2019, there was a great expectation for the Paris Agreement to be implemented smoothly in a very transparent, predictable way [...]

scholarly journals William Nordhaus’s climate club proposal: thinking globally about climate change economics

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
The Political ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Climate Change Economics

‘Think globally, act locally’ has long been a rallying cry for progressives and green activists. In this article I stress the importance of thinking globally before acting locally in the wake of the 2015 Paris conference on climate change. Both the content of the Paris Agreement and the political rhetoric surrounding it feel like a return to 1992 following the signing of the Rio Declaration and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

scholarly journals United States Gives Notice of Withdrawal from Paris Agreement on Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Trump Administration

On November 4, 2019, the Trump administration notified the United Nations that the United States was withdrawing from the Paris Agreement, prompting expressions of regret from a number of countries. Although President Trump had announced in June 2017 that the United States intended to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, its terms had prevented the United States from giving formal notice of withdrawal until November 4, 2019. The withdrawal will take effect on November 4, 2020. Domestically, the governors of many U.S. states responded to the withdrawal by reaffirming their commitment to the goals of the Paris Agreement, consistent with recurring tensions between the Trump administration and progressive states with respect to climate. In another major manifestation of these tensions, on October 23, 2019, the United States sued California over the state's cap-and-trade agreement with Quebec, Canada, alleging that this agreement is an unconstitutional exercise of foreign affairs powers.

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