scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Soils from Southern Agro-climatic Zones of Karnataka, South India

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Pradeep . ◽  
K. S. Anil Kumar ◽  
Prabha Susan Philip
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Sandy Clay

The climate change and land degradation are both individually and in combination have profound influence on natural resource based livelihood systems and societal groups, but this land degradation is caused by land use changes and unsustainable management. The different land use systems practiced in southern agro-climatic zones of Karnataka have significant impact on soil carbon and fertility status of soils, a study was carried out to characterize and classify the soils of southern agro-climatic zones of Karnataka. Five pedons, one from each agro-climatic zone from cultivated land use were selected for the study. Soils of Hiriyur pedons were moderately shallow and rest were deep to very deep, red, well drained and appreciable amount of gravels were observed in all the pedons. Clay illuviation in sub-soil layers was observed hence sub-soil layer contained more clay than surface. The soil texture varied from sandy clay loam to sandy clay and clay. Bulk density of soil varied from 0.86 to 1.86 Mgm-3 in the surface. In all the profiles, bulk density increased with depth. Soil reaction varied from very strongly acidic to moderately acidic in Balehonnur and Brahmavara, moderately acidic to neutral in Hassan and Tiptur, neutral to moderately alkaline in Hiriyur. Cation exchange capacity was low and exchange complex was dominated by hydrogen and aluminum. Dominant cations were calcium and magnesium hence base saturation was high in the pedons due to leaching of bases and deposition in sub-surface horizons within the solum except in Brahmvara and Balehonnur was observed.

scholarly journals Effect of Land Use on Soil Quality in Afaka Forest Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
H. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Soil Fertility Management

Land use changes from forest into cultivated ecosystems result in negative impact on soil structure and quality. The purpose of this study was to determine effect of land use on soil quality in Afaka forest northern guinea savannah of Nigeria. Land use systems, including natural forest and cultivated land were identified. Eighteen (18) composite disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected from depth of 0-5 and 5-10 cm for analysis of pertinent soil properties in the laboratory using grid procedure. Most physical and chemical properties show relative variations in response to land use types and geomorphic positions. Results  indicate  that the soils had  high degree of weathering potentials, low  to moderate  bulk density at 0-5cm depth values between 1.42 to 1.49 Mg m-3 in  forest and  cultivated land, bulk density of  1.34 and 1.46 1.Mg m-3at 5 -1ocm depth   for forest and  cultivated land respectively. The soil water at 0-5cm depth is from 4.20 to 2.63 cm3/cm3, while at 5-10 cm depth these values vary from 4.32 to 2.13 cm3/cm3 under forest and cultivation land use. The pH (H2O) is 6.9 to 7.16 with low electrical conductivity of 0.13 dS/m(forest) and 0.12 dS/m (cultivation). The CEC of soils is recorded as 8.60 cmol kg-1 (forest) to 8.54 cmol kg-1 (cultivated)whereas  total nitrogen content of 1.21 g kg-1 and 1.11 g kg-1 and available phosphorus of 8.78 mg kg-1 (cultivated) and 5.47 mg kg-1 (forest).. Results indicate that soil fertility parameters were moderate to low for cultivated land and at all slope positions, suggesting that soil fertility management is required in order to make agriculture sustainable on Afaka area.

scholarly journals Effects of land use changes and conservation measures on land degradation under a Mediterranean climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Mohawesh ◽  
A. Taimeh ◽  
F. Ziadat
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures

Abstract. Land degradation resulting from improper land use and management is a major cause of declined productivity in the arid environment. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of a sequence of land use changes, soil conservation measures, and the time since their implementation on the degradation of selected soil properties. The climate for the selected 105 km2 watershed varies from semi-arid sub-tropical to Mediterranean sub-humid. Land use changes were detected using aerial photographs acquired in 1953, 1978, and 2008. A total of 218 samples were collected from 40 sites in three different rainfall zones to represent different land use changes and different lengths of time since the construction of stone walls. Analyses of variance were used to test the differences between the sequences of land use changes (interchangeable sequences of forest, orchards, field crops, and range), the time since the implementation of soil conservation measures, and rainfall on the thickness of the A-horizon, soil organic carbon content, and texture. Soil organic carbon reacts actively with different combinations and sequences of land use changes. The time since stone walls were constructed showed significant impacts on soil organic carbon and the thickness of the surface horizon. The effects of changing the land use and whether the changes were associated with the construction of stone walls, varied according to the annual rainfall. The results help in understanding the effects of land use changes on land degradation processes and carbon sequestration potential and in formulating sound soil conservation plans.

scholarly journals Effects of land use changes and soil conservation intervention on soil properties as indicators for land degradation under a Mediterranean climate

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Mohawesh ◽  
A. Taimeh ◽  
F. Ziadat
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures

Abstract. Land degradation resulting from improper land use and management is a major cause of declined productivity in the arid environment. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of a sequence of land use changes, soil conservation measures, and the time since their implementation on the degradation of selected soil properties. The climate for the selected 105 km2 watershed varies from semi-arid sub-tropical to Mediterranean sub-humid. Land use changes were detected using aerial photographs acquired in 1953, 1978, and 2008. A total of 218 samples were collected from 40 sites in three different rainfall zones to represent different land use changes and variable lengths of time since the construction of stone walls. Analyses of variance were used to test the differences between the sequences of land use changes (interchangeable sequences of forest, orchards, field crops, and range), the time since the implementation of soil conservation measures, rainfall on the thickness of the A-horizon, soil organic carbon content, and texture. Soil organic carbon reacts actively with different combinations and sequences of land use changes. The time since stone walls were constructed showed significant impacts on soil organic carbon and the thickness of the surface horizon. The effects of changing the land use and whether the changes were associated with the construction of stone walls varied according to the annual rainfall. The changes in soil properties could be used as indicators of land degradation and to assess the impact of soil conservation programs. The results help in understanding the effects of land use changes on land degradation processes and carbon sequestration potential and in formulating sound soil conservation plans.

scholarly journals MODELLING AND MAPPING OF SOIL EROSION ON THE OUED EL MALLEH CATCHMENT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

2013 ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Omar El Aroussi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Rusle Model

In Morocco, the spectacular expansion of erosive processes shows increasingly alarming aspects. Due to the considerable costs of detailed ground surveys for studying this phenomenon, remote sensing is an appropriate alternative for analyzing and evaluating the risks of the expansion of soil degradation. According to an FAO study (2001), Erosion threatens 13 million ha of cropland and rangeland in northern Morocco and induces an estimated average water storage capacity loss of 50 million m3 each year through dam silting. The lost water volume could potentially be used to irrigate 5000 to 6000 ha / year. This study analyses soil erosion on the Oued El Malleh catchment, a 34 km2 catchment located in the north of Fez (Morocco). This contribution aims at mapping the spatio-temporal evolution of land use and modelling the erosion and sedimentation processes using the well known RUSLE model. Land use changes were assessed using Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ images, from the 1987-2011 periods which were validated by field studies. The images were first georeferenced and projected into the Moroccan coordinate system (Merchich North) then processed to evaluate soil loss through a GIS package (Idrisi Andes Software). These static assessments of soil loss were then used in a deposition/sedimentation algorithm to model soil loss propagation to the downstream. The soil loss averages determined by the model vary between 1.09 t/ha/yr as a minimum value for the reforested lands and 169.4 t/ha/yr as a maximum value for the uncultivated lands (badlands). The latter generally correspond to Regosols or low protected soils located on steep slopes. In comparison with RUSLE, the sedimentation model yields lower values of soil losses; only 97.3 t/h/year for the uncultivated lands, and -0.34 t/ha/year in the reforested land, indicating an on-going sedimentation process. By taking into account the temporal variability of erosion and deposition jointly lower values of soil erosion are calculated by the RUSLE model. However, despite this decline, land degradation problems are still important due to the combination of land use and local lithology. The results of this study were used to indentify areas where interventions are needed to limit land degradation processes.

scholarly journals The Land Use - Land Degradation Nexus in Mediterranean Landscapes – Drivers of Changes And Key Processes at Selected Natura 2000 Sites of Crete, Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Burghard C. Meyer ◽  
Fabian Kirsten ◽  
Dietmar Sattler ◽  
Jürgen Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Mediterranean Landscapes

AbstractThe land use–land degradation nexus in Cretan landscapes in regions with Natura 2000 sites was analyzed by an explorative expert driven study based on literature, field work and photo documentation methods with the aim of determining status, drivers and key processes of change. Drivers of current land use changes have been worked out by (1) general tourism developments and tourism related land uses; (2) irrigated olive yard developments; (3) fenced large-scale goat pastures and (4) large scale greenhouses. Key processes of change have been identified and qualitatively assessed for 5 regions with NATURA 2000 areas based on a non-ranked set of 11 descriptive indicators. The analysis includes the status-description and the importance assessment of land degradation processes in selected NATURA 2000 sites. Threats and pressures taken from the NATURA 2000 documentation and the land use – land degradation nexus and the analysis are a suitable basis for future land management in order to reach land degradation neutrality. The result of our analysis opens a new research field for a better integration of the normally thematically isolated analysis in geography, biology/nature conservation and agricultural policy analysis about the drivers and processes in landscape systems towards a better understanding the trends in land cover change (e.g. vegetation/soil degradation), the trends in productivity or functioning changes caused by land uses and as well for the trends in carbon stock change.

scholarly journals Flood debit analysis based on land use: A case of Batang Arau Watershed, Padang

2019 ◽  
Vol 343 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
L Utama ◽  
Amrizal ◽  
I Berd ◽  
Zuherna
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Recharge Area ◽  
The Difference

Abstract A flood may occur for both climatology and human action factors. The climatology factors can be in the form of land degradation, land-use changes, and population increase. The land-use changes can identify when there is a conversion of recharge area into a built area. The conversion may happen because there is potency for a flood area to transform into a place of cities development and settlements. When the population increases, space needed also enlarges. Consequently, the surface flow increase and can cause a flood. Padang - Indonesia, has high rainfall intensity around 3,329 to 4,296 mm/year, which results in a frequent flood. The worst flood occurred on 26 September 2018 and 2 November 2018, which washed away a bridge and caused a 3-meter high puddle. In analyzing those phenomena, this study applied a descriptive qualitative method. The image used in the map was analyzed with Argis X quantum program to get a flood-prone map. The rainfall was calculated by using methods of Thiesen, Gumbel, and Log Pearson III, while the debt calculated using the rational method. The difference debit between these was 42,030m3/second. The results, the amount of land used to discharge was higher than due to the rainfall.

scholarly journals Future Land-use Changes in the transboundary Sio-Malaba-Malakisi Basin of East Africa: Simulations using the CLUE-S model and Classified Satellite Land Cover Datasets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Atonya ◽  
Luke OLANG ◽  
Lewis Morara
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Change Trajectories ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Accuracy Result ◽  
S Model

A comprehensive undertanding of land-use/cover(LUC) change processes, their trends and future trajectories is essential for the development of sustainable land-use management plans. While contemporay tools can today be employed to monitor historical land-cover changes, prediction of future change trajectories in most rural agro-ecological landscapes remains a challenge. This study evaluated potential LUC changes in the transboundary Sio-Malaba-Malakisi River Basin of Kenya and Uganda for the period 2017-2047. The land use change drivers were obtained through a rigorous fieldwork procedure and the Logistic Regression Model (LGM) to establish key factors for the simulation. The CLUE-S model was subsequently adapted to explore future LUC change trajectories under different scenarios. The model was validated using historical land cover maps for the period of 2008 and 2017, producing overall accuracy result of 85.7% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.78. The spatial distribution of vegetation cover types could be explained partially by proximate factors like soil cation exchange capacity, soil organic carbon and soil pH. On the other hand, built-up areas were mainly influenced by population density. Under the afforestation scenario, areas under forest cover expanded further occupying 54.7% of the basin. Conversely, under the intense agriculture scenario, cropland and pasture cover types occupied 78% of the basin. However, in a scenario where natural forest and wetlands were protected, cropland and pasture only expanded by 74%. The study successfully outlined proximate land cover change drivers, including potential future changes and could be used to support the development of sustainable long-term transboundary land-use plans and policy.

scholarly journals Analysis of Climate and Land Use Changes Impacts on Land Degradation in the North China Plain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Xiangzheng Deng ◽  
Fang Yin ◽  
Cuiyuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Land Improvement

Land degradation is a complex process which involves both the natural ecosystem and the socioeconomic system, among which climate and land use changes are the two predominant driving factors. To comprehensively and quantitatively analyze the land degradation process, this paper employed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a proxy to assess land degradation and further applied the binary panel logit regression model to analyze the impacts of the driving factors on land degradation in the North China Plain. The results revealed that an increase in rainfall and temperature would significantly and positively contribute to the land improvement, and conversion from cultivated land to grassland and forest land showed positive relationship with land improvement, while conversion to built-up area will lead to land degradation. Besides, human agricultural intensification represented by fertilizer utilization will help to improve the land quality. The economic development may exert positive impacts on land quality to alleviate land degradation, although the rural economic development and agricultural production will exert negative impacts on the land and lead to land degradation. Infrastructure construction would modify the land surface and further resulted in land degradation. The findings of the research will provide scientific information for sustainable land management.

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