Effect of Water Management, Systems of Cultivation on Grain Yield and Energy Budget of Rice Varieties

Aims of Study: This research focused on assessing the grain yield and energy performance of four rice cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation for suitability of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Experiment Design: The split-split plot design with three replications was performed for this study. The treatment comprised of two irrigation regimes viz., Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) and saturation as the main plot treatments, three systems of cultivation viz., System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Drum Seeding (DS) and Normal Transplanting (NTP) as the subplot treatments, and four cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010, and NLR-34449 as the sub-sub plot treatments. Place and Duration of Study: An experiment was conducted at the Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, during the Autumn 2017 and 2018. Result: Among the irrigation regimes, AWD recorded higher grain yield than saturation, Gross output energy, and net energy as compared to saturation. SRI significantly recorded higher grain yield over the NTP method. Among the different rice cultivars, DRR Dhan 43 registers remarkably higher grain yield than other cultivars during 2017 and 2018. The cultivar DRR Dhan 43 recorded higher gross output energy, net energy compared to other rice cultivars.

Download Full-text

Productivity and economics of rice cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation

ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice ◽

10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 540-554

Author(s):

Venkataravana Nayaka GV ◽

Prabhakara Reddy G ◽

Mahender Kumar R

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Irrigation Practice ◽

Rice Intensification ◽

Main Plot ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Plot Design

Shortage of water in rice cultivation is major problem in India. To safeguard and sustain food security in India, it is quite important to increase the productivity of rice under limited water resources. To investigate the performance of rice cultivars under the best method of irrigation and system of cultivation in new condition an experiment was conducted to study the "productivity and water use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation" on clay loam soils of Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. The treatment comprised of two irrigation regimes viz., AWD and saturation as main plot treatments, three establishment methods viz., system of rice intensification, drum seeding and TP as subplot treatments and four cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 as sub-sub plot treatments summing up to 24 treatment combinations laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Among the irrigation regimes, AWD irrigation practice recorded higher grain yield (5755, 5952 and 5854 kg ha-1 in 2017, 2018 and pooled means, respectively) than saturation. Among the different systems of cultivation, the SRI recorded significantly higher grain yield (5953, 6129 and 6041 kg ha-1 during 2017, 2018 and in pooled means, respectively) over the TP method. Among the different rice cultivars, DRR Dhan 43 registered remarkably higher grain yield than other cultivars during 2017 and 2018.

Download Full-text

Performance of landrace and improved rice varieties under the system of rice intensification management in Bajhang District of Nepal

Journal of Agriculture and Environment ◽

10.3126/aej.v15i0.19809 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ram B Khadka ◽

Hari P Acharya ◽

Norman Uphoff

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Average Yield ◽

Participatory Action ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Mountainous Regions ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Rice Intensification

Participatory action research was conducted in Luinyata VDC of Bajhang district during main rice-growing season of 2012 to evaluate the effects of cultivation practices in rice varieties. The experiment was in factorial randomized complete block design, where two methods of cultivations: System of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional transplanting (CT) and 3 different varieties: Khumal-4, Thapachini and Hansaraj Basmati were evaluated. Data were collected on grain yield, number of tillers, panicle length and number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle. Results averaged across the three varieties showed significantly better crop performance with SRI practices: higher number of tillers per hill, panicles per hill, tillers per m2, panicles per m2, and grain yield. The values of these parameters comparing SRI with conventional practice were, respectively, 24.5 vs. 11.3, 21.5 vs. 9.5, 305 vs. 273, 273.5 vs. 233.8, and 7.6 vs. 4.46 tha-1. Among the varieties evaluated, the highest yield was achieved with the Thapachini (8.11tha-1) using SRI methods. Average yield increase across the three varieties with SRI practice was 70% compared CT. These results indicate the practical relevance of SRI principles for increasing rice production in mountainous regions of Nepal.

Download Full-text

A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SEEDLING AGE IN THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) IN EASTERN INDIA

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s001447971200004x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 326-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

DEBAL DEB ◽

JÖRG LÄSSIG ◽

MARIUS KLOFT

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Unit Area ◽

Rice Variety ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Seedling Age ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Different Ages ◽

Rice Intensification

SUMMARYA survey of the system of rice intensification (SRI)-related literature indicates that different authors have drawn conflicting inferences about rice yield performances under the SRI, chiefly because the SRI methodology has been variously advocated, interpreted and implemented in the field using different rice varieties, seedling ages at transplantation, cultivation seasons and nutrient management regimes. In particular, the SRI method of single-seedling transplantation (SST) has potential economic advantage due to reduced seed costs, but it is not clear whether SST is an effective management strategy across a range of seedling ages, and whether there is any specific seedling age that is optimal for yield improvement of a given rice variety. This is an important consideration in rain-fed ecosystems where variable rainfall patterns and lack of controlled irrigation make it difficult to reliably transplant at a specific seedling age as recommended for the SRI. We conducted a five year-long experiment on a rain-fed organic farm using a short-duration upland and a medium-duration lowland landrace, following the SRI methodology. Rice seedlings of different ages (6, 10, 14, 18 and 28 days after establishment) were transplanted at 25 cm × 25 cm spacing in three replicated plots. The performance for each landrace was examined with respect to productive tillers, panicle density, total grain counts per hill and grain yield per unit area. Performances of seedlings of different ages were compared with that of control plots that employed all SRI practices with the exception that 28-day-old seedlings were transplanted with three seedlings per hill. The results indicate that (1) the SRI can improve mean panicle density if seedling age ≤ 18 days, but that responses differ between varieties; (2) the number of productive tillers per hill is significantly less in SST than that of multiple seedling transplants (MST) of 28-day-old seedlings of both upland and lowland varieties; (3) the total grain numbers per hill of the lowland variety is significantly greater for 14-day-old SST than 28-day-old MST; (4) the grain yield per unit area from young SRI transplants is significantly greater than that from 28-day-old MST for the lowland variety, although the magnitude of the improvement was small; (5) for the upland variety, grain yields declined with the oldest seedlings, but planting multiple seedlings per hill made the yield of the oldest transplants on par with that of younger seedlings planted singly. Our findings suggest that transplanting younger seedlings under the SRI management may not necessarily enhance grain yields.

Download Full-text

Performance of Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes Under Modern and Conventional Farming Methods in Three Locations in Iraq

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/910/1/012067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 910 (1) ◽

pp. 012067

Author(s):

Abdulkadhim Jawad Musa ◽

Saddam Hussein Abbas ◽

Khidhir Abbas Hameed

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Cropping System ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Chemical Pollution ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Intensification ◽

Rice Season ◽

Jasmine Rice ◽

South Of Iraq

Abstract The conservation of natural resources like soil and water and reduces chemical pollution in the environment is the desired goal of the directions of improving the performance of important crops for meeting the global food demand. However,System of Rice Intensification (SRI), is a rice cropping system that is consistent with Conservation Agricultural (CA) and Sustainable Agriculture (SA). The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of SRI method on grain yield and its components in two rice varieties compared with conventional practice in farmers' fields (CFM) in different environmental conditions in Iraq. The study was conducted in the fields during the rice season 2019 in three provinces in the south of Iraq (Najaf, Diwaniya and Muthanna). Anber33 and Jasmine rice varieties were grown in each location and the traits were conducted at sites having 2 donum of land (5,000 m2).The trial was performed as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) having three blocks. The results showed superior significant of SRI method compared to CFM method in traits (plant height and panicle length, number per panicle, and percentage of unfilled grains). Furthermore, SRI method gave higher grain yield as a percentage with both varieties in each province (25.6% in Muthanna, 24.5% in Najaf, and 13.2% in Diwaniya province) compared to CFM. However, grain yield in Jasmine variety was higher than on Anber33 approximately 50% in three locations in this study. Overall, our results suggest that SRI method is the most convenient method in Iraq conditions due to the increased grain yield in rice compared to the CFM method.

Download Full-text

Performance of Two Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Genotypes Under SRI and Conventional Farming Methods in Three Locations in Iraq

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/910/1/012138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 910 (1) ◽

pp. 012138

Author(s):

Abdulkadhim Jawad Musa ◽

Saddam Hussein Abbas ◽

Khidhir Abbas Hameed

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Cropping System ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Chemical Pollution ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Intensification ◽

Rice Season ◽

Jasmine Rice ◽

South Of Iraq

Abstract The conservation of natural resources like soil and water and reduces chemical pollution in the environment is the desired goal of the directions of improving the performance of important crops that to meet the global food demand. However System of Rice Intensification (SRI), is a rice cropping system that is consistent with Conservation Agricultural (CA) and Sustainable Agriculture (SA). The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of SRI method on grain yield and its components in two rice varieties compared with conventional practice in farmers' fields (CFM) in different environmental conditions in Iraq. Study was conducted in the fields during the rice season 2019 in three provinces in south of Iraq (Najaf, Diwaniya and Muthanna ). Anber33 and Jasmine rice varieties were grown in each location and the traits were conducted at sites having two donum of land (5,000 m2). The trial was performed as factorial expriments based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) having three blocks. The results showed superior significant of SRI method compared to CFM method in traits (plant height and panicle length, number per panicle and percentage of unfilled grains). Furthermore, SRI method gave higher grain yield as percentage with both varieties in each province (25.6% in at Muthanna, 24.5% in Najaf and 13.2% in Diwaniya province) compared to CFM. However, grain yield in Jasmine variety was higher than on Anber33 approximately 50% in three locations in this study. Overall, our results suggest that SRI method is the most convenient method in Iraq conditions due to the increased grain yield in rice compared to the CFM method.

Download Full-text

CROP COEFFICIENT AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN CONVENTIONAL AND SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) IRRIGATION REGIMES OF TERRACE RICE FIELDS IN INDONESIA

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v76.5958 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 76 (15) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chusnul Arif ◽

Kazunobu Toriyama ◽

Bayu Dwi Apri Nugroho ◽

Masaru Mizoguchi

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Crop Coefficient ◽

Rice Fields ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Crop Development ◽

Rice Intensification ◽

Late Growth

The current study initiated to investigate crop coefficient (Kc) and water productivity between conventional and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) irrigation regimes of terrace rice fields in Indonesia. Kc value represents plant responses to available water in the fields and its information is very important to determine crop evapotranspiration. The field experiments were conducted in the terrace rice fields belong to the local farmer located in Wonogiri, Central Java (S 7o47’18.66”, E 111o5’51.26”) during 21 July – 7 November 2014 in the dry season. Here, there were two irrigation regimes with three replications, i.e. conventional flooding (FL) regime and SRI with intermittent irrigation (II) regime. Water level in each regime was measured by pressure sensor, while weather parameters such as solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation, etc were measured by particular sensors and connected to the developed field monitoring system. Based on weather and water level data, we estimated the average Kc values for FL regime were 1.01, 1.02, 1.09 and 1.05 in the initial, crop development, reproductive and late growth stages, respectively. Meanwhile, the average Kc values under SRI regime were a little bit lower than that FL regime. Their values were 1.00, 0.96, 1.02 and 1.04 for the initial, crop development, reproductive and late growth stages, respectively. The reason was probably due to minimum soil evaporation under the drier soil condition. However, lower Kc values were not corresponded to the production of grain yield. Although it was not significant difference, we recorded that SRI regime produced 8.05 ton/ha grain yield, while FL regime was 7.63 ton/ha. Accordingly, with less irrigation water, SRI regime has higher water productivity than that FL regime.

Download Full-text

Influence of Sri Fertilizer Practice on Yield Components and Grain Yield of Hybrid Rice Varieties in Kenya

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2019/v2i230043 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Wathome N. Mbatha ◽

Nicholas K. Korir ◽

Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Irrigation Scheme ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Maize Production ◽

Rice Intensification ◽

Rice Consumption ◽

Plot Design

Rice is one of the staple food crops in Kenya and its demand is generally increasing annually especially when maize production has declined due to various factors. The national rice consumption is estimated at 300,000 metric tonnes compared to annual production of 45,000-80,000 where the deficit is met through importation. The low production can be increased through adoption of system of rice intensification methods that can lead to higher yields and sustainable production. Several studies have been conducted on SRI water requirements, plant systems and soil but very little has been done on fertilizer regime on hybrid rice in Kenya. To address this challenge, yield performance of two rice hybrid varieties; Arize Tej Gold and Arize 6444 Gold against a locally inbred variety (BW 196) under SRI fertilizer regime were evaluated at two sites; Mwea irrigation scheme in Kirinyaga County and Ahero irrigation scheme in Kisumu County. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design where the SRI fertilizer practices were the main plots (2.5 t ha-1 Evergrow, 200 Kg ha-1 SA, 2.5 t/ha Evergrow + 100 Kg ha-1 SA, 2.5 t ha-1 Evergrow +200 Kg ha-1 SA, and a control-without fertilizer) and the rice varieties were the sub-plots and replicated three times. Data was collected on number of grains per panicle, filled grains per panicle and grain yield then subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.2 and means separated using Fischer’s Protected LSD. Significant differences were observed on the number of grains per plant with the Evergrow+100 Kg ha-1 SA and Evergrow+200 Kg ha-1 SA SRI fertilizer treatments showing the highest at 293 and 275 grains per plant respectively under variety Arize Tej Gold at Mwea and 256 grains per plant at Ahero. The high number of grains per plant consequently led to the highest grain yield under the SRI treatments where the Evergrow+100 Kg ha-1 SA treatment had the highest grain yield per plot in Ahero (1202 g) and Mwea (4002 g). The application of 100 Kg ha-1 of SA and organic fertilizer is recommended in rice production.

Download Full-text

Study on yield potentiality and spatial requirement of rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in system of rice intensification (SRI) under red and laterite zone of West Bengal, India

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v7i1.615 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 353-357

Author(s):

Kalyan Jana ◽

G. K. Mallick ◽

S. Ghosh ◽

G. Sardar

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Conventional Method ◽

West Bengal ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Research Station ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Intensification

Field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Station, Bankura during kharif season 2009 and 2010 to study the yield potentiality and spatial requirement of rice varieties in system of rice intensification (SRI) under red and laterite zone of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a three replications with two rice varieties (Swarna and Lalat). Performances of swarna and lalat varieties in SRI as compared to conventional method of rice cultivation (CMRC) were investigated. Swarna (MTU 7029) has yielded maximum grain yield (6.07, 5.66 and 5.86 t ha-1 during 2009, 2010 and in pooled, respectively) from the treatment T7 (25 × 25 cm spacing) under SRI. Lowest grain yield (3.55, 3.23 and 3.38 t ha-1 during 2009, 2010 and in pooled, respectively) was recorded from treatment T9 (Lalat at 20 × 15 cm spacing) under CMRC. SRI technology has potential in increasing more grain yield, it saves seed requirement and irrigation water and chemical fertilizer considering than conventional method of cultivation. Rice cultivation is more sustainable and profitable for the farmers in SRI under the red and laterite zone of West Bengal.

Download Full-text

A Model of Evapotranspirative Irrigation to Manage the Various Water Levels in the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Its Effect on Crop and Water Productivities

Water ◽

10.3390/w14020170 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

Chusnul Arif ◽

Satyanto Krido Saptomo ◽

Budi Indra Setiawan ◽

Muh Taufik ◽

Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Drainage System ◽

Efficiency Index ◽

Water Levels ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Evapotranspiration Rate ◽

Rice Intensification ◽

Use Efficiency

Evapotranspirative irrigation is a simple idea in a watering field based on the actual evapotranspiration rate, by operating an automatic floating valve in the inlet without electric power to manage water levels. The current study introduces a model of evapotranspirative irrigation and its application under different water levels. The objectives were (1) to evaluate the performances of evapotranspirative irrigation under various irrigation regimes, and to (2) to observe crop and water productivities of the system of rice intensification (SRI) as affected by different types of irrigation. The experiment was performed during one rice planting season, starting from July to November 2020, with three irrigation regimes, i.e., continuous flooded (CFI), moderate flooded (MFI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI). Good performance of the system was achieved; low root mean square error (RMSE) was indicated between observed water level and the set point in all irrigation regimes. Developing a better drainage system can improve the system. Among the regimes, the WSI regime was most effective in water use. It was able to increase water productivity by up to 14.5% while maintaining the crop yield. In addition, it has the highest water-use efficiency index. The index was 34% and 52% higher than those of the MFI and CFI regimes, respectively. Accordingly, the evapotranspirative irrigation was effective in controlling various water levels, and we recommend the system implemented at the field levels.

Download Full-text

Studies on Potential of Different Dates of Sowing and Varieties on Productivity of Aerobic Rice in Assam

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i4831277 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 557-565

Author(s):

Bidisha Borah ◽

Kalyan Pathak

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Index Number ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Area Index ◽

Main Plot ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Plot Design

An investigation was carried out to determine an optimum micro-climate regimes for different promising varieties of rice for realizing higher yields under aerobic conditions. A field experiment was conducted in the Instructional Cum Research (ICR) Farm of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam during autumn season of 2017. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments consisted of four micro-climatic regimes (M) in main plot viz., sowing of seed on 15th February (M1), 1st March (M2), 16th March (M3) and 1st April (M4) along with four different rice varieties (V) viz., CR-Dhan 205 (V1), CR-Dhan 203 (V2), CR-Dhan 204 (V3) and Inglongkiri (V4) in sub plot. The results of the experiment revealed that among the different micro-climatic regimes, the micro-climate associated with 1st April recorded positive effect on micro-climate related and yield parameters in terms of canopy temperature, light intensity, soil moister content, soil temperature, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, number of effective tillers and grain yield (3004 kg/ha), followed by the micro-climate associated with 16th March sown crop. Among the varieties evaluated, CR-Dhan 203 recorded the highest value in terms of number of effective tillers (187/m2) followed by Inglongkiri, CR-Dhan 204 and CR-Dhan 205. The highest grain yield of 2860 kg/ha recorded in rice variety CR-Dhan 203 was significantly superior to that of other varieties except Inglongkiri. In terms of economics, the crop sown on 1st April recorded the highest net return (INR 51755 /ha) and B:C ratio (2.30) which was found to be the greatest.

Download Full-text