Bacterial Multidrug Resistant Patterns Associated with Intensive Care Unit Infections in Akum, Cameroon

Background: Patients admitted into the intensive care unit (ICU) usually have impaired immunity and are therefore at high risk of acquiring hospital associated infections. Infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria now constitute a major problem, limiting the choice of antimicrobial therapy. Objectives: This study was aimed at determining the antimicrobial resistance pattern of pathogens causing ICU infections at the Catholic Holy Family Hospital Akum-Bamenda. The etiological agents, prevalence and types ICU infections were also determined. Methods: Thirteen months hospital associated infections surveillance was conducted in the hospital for patients admitted into ICU. Blood, urine, tracheal aspirate and wound biopsies specimens were collected under strict asepsis and sent to the Medical Microbiology laboratory of the same institution for immediate processing. All pathogens were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods. Disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: The overall prevalence of ICU infections was 30.9% out of which 12.9% were bloodstream infections, 31.5% urinary tract infections, 38.9% pneumonia, and 16.7% skin and soft tissue infections. Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli were the predominant pathogens. Multidrug resistant organisms constituted 59.3% of the pathogens, MDR Klebsiella spp and MDR E. coli were 70.8% and 71.4% respectively. Resistance to Cefuroxime was the highest (92.9%) while Meropenem had the least resistance (21.4%). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria causing ICU infections. With the advent of covid-19, infection control procedures and institution of functional antimicrobial stewardship are needed to be put in place in order to cover come this herculean task.

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Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit in University Hospital of Constantine, Algeria (2011 - 2015)

African Journal of Microbiology Research ◽

10.5897/ajmr2016.8257 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (33) ◽

pp. 1328-1336 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hecini-Hannachi Abla ◽

Bentchouala Chafia ◽

Lezzar Abdesselam ◽

Laouar Houcine ◽

Benlabed Kaddour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

University Hospital ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

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Accuracy of American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America criteria in predicting infection or colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria at intensive-care unit admission

Clinical Microbiology and Infection ◽

10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03027.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 902-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

S. Nseir ◽

G. Grailles ◽

A. Soury-Lavergne ◽

F. Minacori ◽

I. Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Intensive Care Unit Admission ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

American Thoracic Society ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

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Contact precautions for multidrug resistant bacteria: positive impact on handwashing compliance in an intensive care unit

Critical Care ◽

10.1186/cc1396 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 5 (S3) ◽

Author(s):

D Moura ◽

LFA Camargo ◽

CR Laselva ◽

MAA Yamashita ◽

CV Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Contact Precautions

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Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria with ESBL Genes: A Growing Threat Among HIV Patients in Nepal

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1103790/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Riju Maharjan ◽

Anup Bastola ◽

Nabaraj Adhikari ◽

Komal Raj Rijal ◽

Megha Raj Banjara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Esbl Producers

Abstract Background Bacterial opportunistic infections are quite common in HIV patients. Besides HIV-TB coinfection, lower respiratory tract infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality among HIV patients. This study was done to evaluate the bacterial coinfection of LRT and detect plasmid-mediated blaTEM and blaCTX−M genes among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates from sputum samples in HIV patients. Methods A total of 263 sputum samples from HIV-positive cases were processed with standard microbiological methods to isolate and identify the possible pathogens. The identified bacterial isolates were assessed for antibiotic susceptibility pattern by using modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Plasmid DNA was extracted from multidrug-resistant and ESBL producers for screening of ESBL genes; blaCTX−M and blaTEM by conventional PCR method using specific primers. Results Of 263 sputum samples, 67 (25.48%) were culture positive showing Klebsiella pneumoniae; 17(25.37%) as the most predominant one. A higher rate of infection (4/8, 50%) was observed among old-aged people of 61 -70 years, whereas no infection was observed below 20 years. About 30.0% (15/50) of smokers, 32.86% (23/70) cases with previous pulmonary tuberculosis and 52.38% (11/21) with CD4 count <200 cells/µl were found to be susceptible to LRTIs. Among 53 bacterial isolates, 52.83% (n=28) were multidrug-resistant and 43.4% (n=23) were ESBL producers. All ESBL producers were sensitive to Colistin and Polymyxin B. Of 23 ESBL producers, 47.83% (11/23) and 8.6% (2/23) possessed only blaCTX−M and blaTEM genes respectively and 43.48% (10/23) possessed both ESBL genes. Conclusion The increasing rate of MDR bacterial infections mainly ESBL producers of LRTIs causes difficulty in the management of diseases leading to high morbidity and mortality of HIV patients.

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