scholarly journals The Study of Correlation of Incidence, Severity of Renal, Cardiovascular Complications with Duration, Severity of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
R. Aruthra ◽  
M. Ramkumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Renal Complications

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disorder of the endocrine characterised by hyperglycaemia which results from variable degrees of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency.Chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes may lead to multi organ damage resulting in renal, cardiovascular and other complications.In our study, we aim to look for correlation between the degree of glycemic control, duration of type 2 DM, incidence, severity of renal, cardiovascular complications in type 2 DM patients. The objective of our study is to analyse the correlation between glycemic control and occurrence of cardiovascular, renal complications in type 2 DM patients. Materials and Methods: 50 type 2 DM patients were selected from the Medicine outpatient of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital from January 2021 to March 2021.The study was explained and informed consent was obtained. Ethical committee clearance was obtained.The duration of the disease, regularity of treatment are recorded, serum HbA1c was done to evaluate the degree of glycemic control.Renal function tests like estimation of urea and creatinine are done to look for renal complications. Echocardiogram was done to evaluate the cardiac status of the patient. Expected Outcome: We expect a direct correlation between the severity of uncontrolled hyperglycaemia, duration of the disease with the incidence of renal and cardiovascular complications. Results: 50 patients who were selected for the study having type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, were made into two groups - people with uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c >7.5%) were more prone in developing renal and cardiac complications which were assessed by urea, creatinine, urine protein levels and ejection fraction (EF %) values. The significant cut off values to cause complications were taken as for urea (>40mg/dl), creatinine (>1mg/dl), urine protein (+/++/+++), EF value(>50%) and the presence/absence of regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) was noted. It was also observed that longer age duration of the disease, more was the risk to develop cardiac complications than disease of shorter duration. Hence a poor control of hyperglycaemia made the subject prone to renal and cardiovascular complications. Conclusion: We arrive at a direct correlation between the severity and extent of uncontrolled hyperglycaemia with the incidence of severity and complications in the form of nephropathy and cardiac dysfunction.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Lipid Profile with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Angiesta Pinakesty ◽  
Restu Noor Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that has increased from year to year. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is not caused by lack of insulin secretion, but is caused by the failure of the body's cells to respond to the hormone insulin (insulin resistance). Insulin resistance was found to be a major contributor to atherogenic dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia in DM risks 2 to 4 times higher than non-DM. Although dyslipidemia has a great risk for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, this conventional risk factor only explains a portion (25%) of excess cardiovascular risk in type 2 DM. Discussion: In uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, LDL oxidation occurs faster which results from an increase in chronic blood glucose levels. Glycemic control as a determinant of DM progressivity is determined through HbA1c examination. HbA1c levels are associated with blood triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, triglyceride levels are associated with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels. HbA1c levels are also associated with LDL cholesterol levels. Conclusion: There is a relationship between lipid profile and the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.   Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, HbA1c, glycemic control, lipid profile

scholarly journals Role of Selective Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors in Managing Cardio-Renal Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Beyond Glycemic Control

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chike B Onyali ◽  
Comfort Anim-Koranteng ◽  
Hira E Shah ◽  
Nitin Bhawnani ◽  
Aarthi Ethirajulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Renal Complications

scholarly journals Effectiveness of atorvastatin therapy in patients with arterial hypertension, diabetic nephropathy and diabetes mellitus type 2

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
O. M. Chernatska ◽  
T. S. Mazur ◽  
N. V. Demikhova ◽  
O. M. Vlasenko ◽  
T. M. Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Type 2 Dm

The actual problem of internal medicine is the managemen of patients with comorbid pathology. Arterial hypertension (AH) is determined in about quarter of the population in the world. Moreover, the coexistence of AH and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) connected with the increased risk of cardiovascular complications (CVC) compared with patients with AH. In principle dyslipidemia is the common link between AH and type 2 DM, which need the correction. No doubt that reduction of atherogenic and increase of anti atherogenic lipoproteins is necessary for persons with comorbid pathology. The objective of our study was the assessment of atorvastatin treatment in patients with AH, diabetic nephropathy and type 2 DM. We obtained 96 patients with AH, diabetic nephropathy and type 2 DM (І group), 25 persons with AH (ІІ group), 15 conditionally healthy individuals. Persons had CVC in the past. For patients from the І and ІІ group CVC were defined accordingly (4,97 ± 0,20) years and (4,10 ± 0,05) years ago (P = 0,0291). The duration of AH is (8,1 ± 0,2) years for the І group and (8,90 ± 0,13) years for the ІІ group. The levels of lipid profile spectrum were determined according to the methods of W. T. Friedewald. The results of investigation were analyzed with the help of Microsoft Excel 2016. Correction of lipid profile spectrum is the important part of multipurpose treatment for persons with coexistent pathology. All patients were treated by atorvastatin (10−40 mg/day) during 6 months in a complex therapy. The target levels of general cholesterol during 6 months were presented in 30 persons (31.91 %), low density lipoproteids – in 10 persons (10.64 %), high density lipoproteids – in 26 persons (27.66 %), triglycerides – in 34 persons (36.17 %) among patients with AH, diabetic nephropathy and type 2 DM. In conclusion, it is advisable to prescribe atorvastatin (10–40 mg/day) for correction of dyslipidemia, reduction of proatherogenic orientation, prevention of atherosclerotic process manifestation and cardiovascular complications in patients with AH with diabetic nephropathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Predictors of Glycemic Control Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in North West Ethiopia: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigusie Gashaye Shita ◽  
Ashagrie Sharew Iyasu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hyperglycemia for a long period of time are significant causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Studying the predictors of glycemic control help to minimize deaths and the development of acute and chronic diabetes complication. Hence, the aim of this study is to asses’ predictors of glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients enrolled between December 2011 and December 2012 at Debre Markos and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. A total of 191 T2DM patients was included in the study who meets the eligibility criteria. Generalized linear mixed model was employed. Results The prevalence of good glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients was 58.4% where as 23.25% of variation was explained in the fitted model due to adding the random effects. The significance predictors of glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes at 95% confidence level were reside in rural(0.454, 0.614)), patients age 38–50, 51–59 and 60–66 years(1.267,1.776), (1.057,1.476) and (1.004, 1.403), respectively, Proteinuria positive(1.211,1.546), diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 (1.101, 1.522), systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 (1.352, 1.895), creatinine (0.415, 0.660), duration per visit (0.913, 0.987), duration since diagnosis (0.985, 0.998), weight 78–88(0.603, 0.881). Conclusion Level of glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients was poor. Resident, age, weight, duration of T2DM since diagnosis, duration of type 2 DM per visit, follow up time, protein urea, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and creatinine were significant predictors of glycemic control among type 2 DM patients. During diabetic patients follow up, clinicians should give appropriate attention to these significant variables for good glycemic control since it is the main goal of diabetes management.

scholarly journals The importance of glycemic control in patients with early forms of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in order to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Irina I. Kochergina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology

The article presents data on the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes; the high compatibility of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular pathology; high mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease, in the presence of both acute and chronic cardiovascular complications; on the important role of glucose- and lipotoxicity in the progression of carbohydrate metabolism from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus, the role of hyperglycemia in the deve-lopment of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hypertension, liver, kidney, endothelial dysfunction, the role of hyper- and hypoglycemia in the development of acute vascular complications – myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene of the lower extremities; on the protective role of adiponectin – a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus, on the importance of glycemic control for the timely detection of early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism – impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose; on the role of metformin in the prevention of progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes and cardiac pathology; on the gluco- and cardioprotective role of modern sugar-lowering drugs.

scholarly journals An evaluation of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on different oral antidiabetic medications with regard to glycemic control and diabetic complications

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Erhan Önalan ◽  
Nevzat Gozel ◽  
Burkay Yakar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic ◽  
Metformin Monotherapy ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective:  Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic and progressive disease that significantly impairs the workforce and economy due to its complications. This study aims to evaluate patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who use different oral antidiabetic medications with regard to glycemic control and diabetic complications. Materials and Methods: This study included 200 patients who were being followed-up for a diagnosis of Type 2 DM. Results: Of the 200 patients included in the study, 131 were on metformin monotherapy and 69 were on metformin and gliclazide combination therapy. HbA1c value of Metformin monotherapy prescribed patients was7,6%±1,5, metformin+gliclazide prescribed patients was 8,2%±1,9. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of blood glucose levels (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to microvascular complications and body mass index. Conclusion: Our study determined that the level of glycemic control manifested by Type 2 DM patients was suboptimal despite using different types of oral antidiabetics and that their body mass indices were high. We reached the conclusion that the present situation is linked to factors such as incorrect dietary habits, inadequate exercise and walking, failure to comply with the medical treatment suggested by the physician, and lack of awareness about the severity of the disease.

Correlation between Immature Platelet Fraction and Platelet Aggregation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Cardiovascular Complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Amanah Anindita ◽  
Dharma Lindarto ◽  
Herman Hariman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Immature Platelet Fraction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Diabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and atherothrombosis is a common complication of diabetes. There are several markers that can be used to see and monitor changes in the thrombosis and coagulation processes in DM patients, including the platelet index, platelet aggregation and D-dimer. To determine the correlation between immature platelet fraction with platelet aggregation in type 2 diabetes mellitus with cardiovascular complications. This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 30 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus with cardiovascular complications will be tested for IPF and Platelet aggregation. Of the 30 patients, the mean IPF was 5.83 ± 1.55 %. From the analysis of Correlation found a significant relationship between the value of IPF with Platelet aggregation on ADP 5 μM and ADP 10 μM (r = 0.68; p <0.05), (r = 0.73; p <0.05) in type 2 DM patients with cardiovascular complications. In type-2 diabetes mellitus, there is a decrease in platelet life time and increased platelet turnover resulting immature platelets that are more reactive, where it will be easier for atherothrombosis. Platelet aggregation is a process where platelets adhere to each other at the site of vascular injury, which serves for the formation of a hemostatic plug and thrombosis. There is a significant correlation between the value of IPF with platelet aggregation in patients with type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular complications. Keywords: IPF, Platelet Aggregation, Type-2 DM.

scholarly journals Low dose allopurinol is associated with modest but significant improvements in glycemic control (GC) and glycemic variability (GV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal M. Alem
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycaemic Variability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Abstract BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), gout, and asymptomatic hyperuricemia are inter-connected pathologies. Glycemic control (GC), involving a range of treatments is central to the management of DM, whereas allopurinol continues to be the most widely recommended urate lowering agent. Allopurinol has been shown to possess anti-oxidant properties: this study explores the favorable potential effect of allopurinol on glucose homeostasis.MethodsThis is an observational study with a cross-sectional design performed on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), recruited from centers in Saudi Arabia. Patients were divided into two groups; allopurinol users; (for gout or asymptomatic hyperuricemia) and matching control patients. Patient demographics, co-morbid conditions, biochemical tests, and pharmacological treatments were extracted from electronic records to investigate the effect of allopurinol therapy on Glycemic control (GC), as assessed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c as primary endpoint), and on parameters of glycaemic variability (GV) (secondary endpoints).ResultsA total of 194 patients with type 2 DM were recruited (97 in both groups). The two groups were matched for age and sex: mean age: 59.4 years, 73% males in the allopurinol group vs 59.6 years, 73% males in the control group. Allopurinol, daily dose 100 mg, was prescribed for 77% of the patients, with median duration of 39.5 months treatment. HbA1c values were; 6.90% (6.20, 7.80) in the allopurinol group vs 7.30% (6.60, 8.40) in the control group (P=0.010). Parameters of GV were calculated from 3 consecutive fasting blood sugar (FBS) readings: variability independent of the mean (VIM) was 0.140 in the allopurinol group vs 0.987 in the control group (P<0.001).ConclusionConcomitant low-dose allopurinol therapy in patients with type 2 DM was associated with modest but significant improvements in GC and GV.

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