scholarly journals Changing student attitudes and perceptions toward opioid use disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley Countey ◽  
Claire Steinbronn ◽  
Sarah E. Grady
Keyword(s):  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Good Resource

Abstract Introduction: With the opioid epidemic creating a group of patients with unique health care needs, pharmacists have an opportunity to be a good resource for patients recovering from opioid use disorder (OUD). To accomplish this, it is essential that pharmacists are knowledgeable and unbiased toward this patient population. Methods: Because the curriculum in place to obtain a PharmD at Drake University does not include in-depth information on substance use disorders, study investigators offered students an opportunity to receive more intensive education. Faculty members at Drake University provided didactic and panel discussion presentations on topics such as opioid pharmacology, OUD, and treatment options. The students were assessed for their perception of knowledge and stigma before and after the summit by using a 5-point Likert scale to measure their attitudes toward 10 statements. Results: Total knowledge scores showed a significant change of 3.1, indicating an increase in perceived understanding of materials presented (P < .0001). Total stigma scores also changed by 1.4, illustrating a statistically significant decrease in negative perceptions (P = .0198). Discussion: By providing more in-depth education, the summit showed that increasing pharmacy student knowledge about OUD and its treatment may decrease associated stigma.

scholarly journals Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement remediates anhedonia in chronic opioid use by enhancing neurophysiological responses during savoring of natural rewards

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eric L. Garland ◽  
Spencer T. Fix ◽  
Justin P. Hudak ◽  
Edward M. Bernat ◽  
Yoshio Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Natural Reward ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Natural Rewards ◽  
Chronic Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Users

Abstract Background Neuropsychopharmacologic effects of long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) in the context of chronic pain may result in subjective anhedonia coupled with decreased attention to natural rewards. Yet, there are no known efficacious treatments for anhedonia and reward deficits associated with chronic opioid use. Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), a novel behavioral intervention combining training in mindfulness with savoring of natural rewards, may hold promise for treating anhedonia in LTOT. Methods Veterans receiving LTOT (N = 63) for chronic pain were randomized to 8 weeks of MORE or a supportive group (SG) psychotherapy control. Before and after the 8-week treatment groups, we assessed the effects of MORE on the late positive potential (LPP) of the electroencephalogram and skin conductance level (SCL) during viewing and up-regulating responses (i.e. savoring) to natural reward cues. We then examined whether these neurophysiological effects were associated with reductions in subjective anhedonia by 4-month follow-up. Results Patients treated with MORE demonstrated significantly increased LPP and SCL to natural reward cues and greater decreases in subjective anhedonia relative to those in the SG. The effect of MORE on reducing anhedonia was statistically mediated by increases in LPP response during savoring. Conclusions MORE enhances motivated attention to natural reward cues among chronic pain patients on LTOT, as evidenced by increased electrocortical and sympathetic nervous system responses. Given neurophysiological evidence of clinical target engagement, MORE may be an efficacious treatment for anhedonia among chronic opioid users, people with chronic pain, and those at risk for opioid use disorder.

Multi-site intervention to improve emergency department care for patients who live with opioid use disorder: A quantitative evaluation

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McLane ◽  
Ken Scott ◽  
Zainab Suleman ◽  
Karen Yee ◽  
Brian R. Holroyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Emergency Department Care ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Opioid Agonist Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Disorder Treatment

ABSTRACTBackgroundOpioid use disorder is a major public health crisis, and evidence suggests ways of better serving patients who live with opioid use disorder in the emergency department (ED). A multi-disciplinary team developed a quality improvement project to implement this evidence.MethodsThe intervention was developed by an expert working group consisting of specialists and stakeholders. The group set goals of increasing prescribing of buprenorphine/naloxone and providing next day walk-in referrals to opioid use disorder treatment clinics. From May to September 2018, three Alberta ED sites and three opioid use disorder treatment clinics worked together to trial the intervention. We used administrative data to track the number of ED visits where patients were given buprenorphine/naloxone. Monthly ED prescribing rates before and after the intervention were considered and compared with eight nonintervention sites. We considered whether patients continued to fill opioid agonist treatment prescriptions at 30, 60, and 90 days after their index ED visit to measure continuity in treatment.ResultsThe intervention sites increased their prescribing of buprenorphine/naloxone during the intervention period and prescribed more buprenorphine/naloxone than the controls. Thirty-five of 47 patients (74.4%) discharged from the ED with buprenorphine/naloxone continued to fill opioid agonist treatment prescriptions 30 days and 60 days after their index ED visit. Thirty-four patients (72.3%) filled prescriptions at 90 days.ConclusionsEmergency clinicians can effectively initiate patients on buprenorphine/naloxone when supports for this standardized evidence-based care are in place within their practice setting and timely follow-up in community is available.

scholarly journals Rejection of Patients With Opioid Use Disorder Referred for Post-acute Medical Care Before and After an Anti-discrimination Settlement in Massachusetts

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon D. Kimmel ◽  
Sophie Rosenmoss ◽  
Benjamin Bearnot ◽  
Marc Larochelle ◽  
Alexander Y. Walley
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acute Medical Care

scholarly journals Opioid usage trends in treatment – Trends from the field

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Jeri Wheeler ◽  
Siobhan Morse ◽  
Brian Bride
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polysubstance Abuse ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Treatment Trends ◽  
Group 1

Objective: As legislative changes limiting access to prescription opioids were enacted, the population of opioid use disorder patients seeking private residential treatment also changed. This study is designed to examine some of the specific changes that were observed between opioid used disorder patients entering treatment before and after the legislative restrictions were enacted.Study design: Retrospective cross-sectional cohort design.Results: Significant changes from Group 1 (patients presenting for treatment in 2009-2011) to Group 2 (patients presenting for treatment in 2014) include a substantial decrease in the usage of prescription opiates. Alongside this reduction, a significant increase was shown in reported heroin abuse with concurrent polysubstance abuse (Cannabis, Amphetamines, and Sedatives), as well as noted employment and family issues.Conclusions: The identified patient presenting to treatment for Opioid Use Disorder has changed over the last several years and treatment should reflect those changes. Not only has this disease become one of opioid usage but of polysubstance abuse and disruption in other areas of life as heroin usage becomes more prominent in patients.

Opioid Use Disorder: Diagnosis and Updated Treatment Options

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 366-371
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Li ◽  
Nina Riordan ◽  
Sophia Banu ◽  
Syed Murtaza ◽  
Asim A. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use

Treatment options and shared decision-making in the treatment of opioid use disorder: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 108646
Author(s):  
Tyler Marshall ◽  
Myles Hancock ◽  
Elizabeth N. Kinnard ◽  
Karin Olson ◽  
Adam Abba-Aji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Opioid Use

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Opioid Use Disorder and Related Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca M. Bryant ◽  
Ellen Eaton ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

The objective of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between opioid use disorder (OUD) and its related biomarkers, as well as the effects of pharmacotherapy for OUD on biomarkers. The eligibility criteria are the inclusion of human population studies focusing on biomarkers, including the immune system, related to OUD or opioid-related disorders. English, peer reviewed, original research, case studies or case series, and clinical trials were included in this review. Papers were excluded if they met one or more of the following criteria: animal studies, review articles, studies focusing only on OUD or opioid-related disorders without mention of potential biomarkers, studies focusing only on biomarkers and/or the immune system without relating to OUD or opioid-related disorders, and studies that focused on other substance use disorders other than OUD specifically. A PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases search on August 25, 2020, yielded 101 results; only 14 articles met inclusion criteria that were included in this review. However, heterogeneity of study definitions and measurements should be noted. Various potential biomarkers indicated systemic, peripheral, and chronic inflammation in patients with OUD or opioid-related disorders. Medications, including buprenorphine and methadone, significantly decreased chronic inflammation in this population. Our results suggest that patients with OUD or opioid-related disorders have potential biomarkers that can be targeted to provide optimal treatment options for this population. A better understanding of potential biomarkers may assist to identify at-risk populations, monitor disease progression and treatment response, and develop therapeutic strategies for OUD.Systematic Review Registration: This review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020202014).

Dispositional Mindfulness and Aggression Among Adults in Residential Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Preliminary Findings From an Applied Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-840
Author(s):  
Meagan J. Brem ◽  
Ryan C. Shorey ◽  
Scott Anderson ◽  
Gregory L. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Residential Treatment ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Before And After

Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) evidenced high levels of aggression both before and after the onset of opioid misuse. Continued aggression after abstinence suggested that abstinence alone may be inadequate. The present study investigated dispositional mindfulness in relation to aggressive attitudes, and verbal and physical aggression, by reviewing medical records of 163 adults in residential treatment for OUD. Results of hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for age and alcohol/drug use and problems, revealed a negative relationship between dispositional mindfulness and both aggressive attitudes and verbal aggression. Although dispositional mindfulness negatively related to physical aggression at the bivariate level, only alcohol use and problems related to physical aggression in regression analyses. Mindfulness-based treatments may be a useful avenue for targeting aggression within this population.

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