scholarly journals EXPERIMENTS ON THE DENSITY OF TSUNAMI INUNDATION WATER AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE TSUNAMI RUN-UP AND DEPOSIT

2018 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hideo Matsutomi ◽  
Fumiko Konno
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Distance Ratio ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Deposit Thickness ◽  
Historical Tsunami ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Sediment ◽  
Sediment Deposit

For the sophistication of the tsunami load, future and historical tsunami scale evaluations, the dependency of the density of tsunami inundation water with sediment on the hydraulic quantities, and then the dependencies of the tsunami run-up distance, sediment deposit distance, mean sediment deposit thickness on the density of the tsunami inundation water are examined through a devised small-scale hydraulic experiment. Within the experimental range of this study, it is verified that the density of the tsunami inundation water depends on the Froude number of the incident tsunami inundation flow and the sediment grain size, and the relative tsunami run-up distance (= the run-up distance of the inundation water with sediment/the run-up distance of the inundation water without sediment (= fresh water)), ratio of the tsunami sediment deposit distance to the tsunami run-up distance, ratio of the mean tsunami sediment deposit thickness to the tsunami sediment deposit distance depend on the density of the tsunami inundation water, and four empirical expressions for those dependencies are proposed.

scholarly journals TSUNAMI INUNDATION SIMULATIONS IN URBAN TOPOGRAPHY

2018 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Takuya Miyashita ◽  
Nobuhito Mori
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Urban Topography ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Local Momentum

The inundation of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami showed complex behavior over the land. According to the surveys of the Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami in 2011, the behavior of tsunami in urban areas was different from that in rural areas and the damage was not only dependent on the inundation heights but also the local momentum. The buildings are commonly excluded and smoothed off in the topography in the conventional inundation simulation but it’s important to understand the local characteristics of tsunami run-up in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to understand and validate numerical models of tsunami in the urban area.

scholarly journals Assessing local impacts of the 1700 CE Cascadia earthquake and tsunami using tree-ring growth histories: a case study in South Beach, Oregon, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1971-1982
Author(s):  
Robert P. Dziak ◽  
Bryan A. Black ◽  
Yong Wei ◽  
Susan G. Merle
Keyword(s):  
Ground Truth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cascadia Subduction Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
The North ◽  
Resolution Model ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Abstract. We present an investigation of the disturbance history of an old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stand in South Beach, Oregon, for possible growth changes due to tsunami inundation caused by the 1700 CE Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake. A high-resolution model of the 1700 tsunami run-up heights at South Beach, assuming an “L”-sized earthquake, is also presented to better estimate the inundation levels several kilometers inland at the old-growth site. This tsunami model indicates the South Beach fir stand would have been subjected to local inundation depths from 0 to 10 m. Growth chronologies collected from the Douglas-fir stand shows that trees experienced a significant growth reductions in the year 1700 relative to nearby Douglas-fir stands, consistent with the tsunami inundation estimates. The ±1–3-year timing of the South Beach disturbances are also consistent with disturbances previously observed at a Washington state coastal forest ∼220 km to the north. Moreover, the 1700 South Beach growth reductions were not the largest over the >321-year tree chronology at this location, with other disturbances likely caused by climate drivers (e.g., drought or windstorms). Our study represents a first step in using tree growth history to ground truth tsunami inundation models by providing site-specific physical evidence.

scholarly journals A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENT ON THE DENSITY OF TSUNAMI INUNDATION WATER AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE TSUNAMI RUN-UP DISTANCE AND DEPOSIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. I_373-I_378
Author(s):  
Hideo MATSUTOMI ◽  
Fumiko KONNO ◽  
Koki ATOMURA ◽  
Kota KONDO ◽  
Takanobu KAMATAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

scholarly journals The Run up Tsunami Modeling in Bengkulu using the Spatial Interpolation of Kriging Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulian Fauzi ◽  
Suwarsono Suwarsono ◽  
Zulfia Memi Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
The City ◽  
Flooded Areas

This research aims to design a tsunami hazard zone with the scenario of tsunami run-up height variation based on land use, slope and distance from the shoreline. The method used in this research is spatial modelling with GIS via Ordinary Kriging interpolation technique. Kriging interpolation method that is the best in this study is shown by Circular Kriging method with good semivariogram and RMSE values which are small compared to other RMSE kriging methods. The results shows that the area affected by the tsunami inundation run-up height, slope and land use. In the run-up to 30 meters, flooded areas are about 3,148.99 hectares or 20.7% of the total area of the city of Bengkulu.

scholarly journals Assessing local impacts of the A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake and tsunami using tree ring growth histories: A case study in South Beach, Oregon, U.S.A.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Dziak ◽  
Bryan A. Black ◽  
Yong Wei ◽  
Susan G. Merle
Keyword(s):  
Ground Truth ◽  
Cascadia Subduction Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
The North ◽  
Resolution Model ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Abstract. We present a spatially focused investigation of the disturbance history of an old-growth Douglass fir stand in South Beach, Oregon for possible growth effects due to tsunami inundation caused by the A.D. 1700 Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. A high-resolution model of the 1700 tsunami run-up heights at South Beach, assuming an L sized earthquake, is also presented to better estimate the inundation levels several kilometers inland at the old-growth site. This tsunami model indicates the South Beach fir stand would have been subjected to local inundation depths from 0–10 m. Growth chronologies collected from the fir stand shows several trees experienced significant growth reductions before, during and several years after 1700, consistent with the tsunami inundation estimates. The +/-1–3 year timing of the South Beach disturbances are also consistent with disturbances previously observed at a Washington state coastal forest ~220 km to the north. Additional comparison of the South Beach chronologies with regional chronologies across Oregon indicates the South Beach stand growth was significantly and unusually lower in 1700. Moreover, the 1700 South Beach growth reductions were not the largest over the 110-year tree chronology at this location. with other disturbances likely caused by other climate drivers (e.g. drought or windstorms). Our study represents a first step in using tree growth history to ground-truth tsunami inundation models by providing site specific physical evidence.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Numerical Models on Formation of Sediment Deposition Induced by Tsunami Run-Up

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1029
Author(s):  
Ako Yamamoto ◽  
Yuki Kajikawa ◽  
Kei Yamashita ◽  
Ryota Masaya ◽  
Ryo Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Sediment ◽  
Tsunami Sediments

Tsunami sediments provide direct evidence of tsunami arrival histories for tsunami risk assessments. Therefore, it is important to understand the formation process of tsunami sediment for tsunami risk assessment. Numerical simulations can be used to better understand the formation process. However, as the formation of tsunami sediments is affected by various conditions, such as the tsunami hydraulic conditions, topographic conditions, and sediment conditions, many problems remain in such simulations when attempting to accurately reproduce the tsunami sediment formation process. To solve these problems, various numerical models and methods have been proposed, but there have been few comparative studies among such models. In this study, inter-model comparisons of tsunami sediment transport models were performed to improve the reproducibility of tsunami sediment features in models. To verify the reproducibility of the simulations, the simulation results were compared with the results of sediment transport hydraulic experiments using a tsunami run-up to land. Two types of experiments were conducted: a sloping plane with and without coverage by silica sand (fixed and movable beds, respectively). The simulation results confirm that there are conditions and parameters affecting not only the amount of sediment transport, but also the distribution. In particular, the treatment of the sediment coverage ratio in a calculation grid, roughness coefficient, and bedload transport rate formula on the fixed bed within the sediment transport model are considered important.

scholarly journals Shoreline Changes along Northern Ibaraki Coast after the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Quang Nguyen Hao ◽  
Satoshi Takewaka
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Shoreline Changes ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Sentinel 2 ◽  
Infrared Radiometer

In this study, we analyze the influence of the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on 11 March 2011, on the shoreline of the northern Ibaraki Coast. After the earthquake, the area experienced subsidence of approximately 0.4 m. Shoreline changes at eight sandy beaches along the coast are estimated using various satellite images, including the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer), ALOS AVNIR-2 (Advanced Land Observing Satellite, Advanced Visible and Near-infrared Radiometer type 2), and Sentinel-2 (a multispectral sensor). Before the earthquake (for the period March 2001–January 2011), even though fluctuations in the shoreline position were observed, shorelines were quite stable, with the averaged change rates in the range of ±1.5 m/year. The shoreline suddenly retreated due to the earthquake by 20–40 m. Generally, the amount of retreat shows a strong correlation with the amount of land subsidence caused by the earthquake, and a moderate correlation with tsunami run-up height. The ground started to uplift gradually after the sudden subsidence, and shoreline positions advanced accordingly. The recovery speed of the beaches varied from +2.6 m/year to +6.6 m/year, depending on the beach conditions.

scholarly journals NEAR-FIELD TSUNAMI FORECASTING BASED ON A TSUNAMI RUN-UP RESPONSE FUNCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Juh-Whan Lee ◽  
Jennifer L. Irish ◽  
Robert Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Tsunami Forecast ◽  
Earthquake Fault ◽  
Tsunami Forecasting ◽  
Fault Parameters ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Since near-field-generated tsunamis can arrive within a few minutes to coastal communities and cause immense damage to life and property, tsunami forecasting systems should provide not only accurate but also rapid tsunami run-up estimates. For this reason, most of the tsunami forecasting systems rely on pre-computed databases, which can forecast tsunamis rapidly by selecting the most closely matched scenario from the databases. However, earthquakes not included in the database can occur, and the resulting error in the tsunami forecast may be large for these earthquakes. In this study, we present a new method that can forecast near-field tsunami run-up estimates for any combination of earthquake fault parameters on a real topography in near real-time, hereafter called the Tsunami Run-up Response Function (TRRF).Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/tw1D29dDxmY

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