scholarly journals Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) using palm olein and tricaprylin in packed-bed reactor (PBR)

2021 ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Qabul Dinanta Utama ◽  
Azis Boing Sitanggang ◽  
Dede Robiatul Adawiyah ◽  
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Structured Lipid ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Equivalent Carbon Number ◽  
Lipozyme Tl Im ◽  
Slip Melting Point

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification between refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDO) and tricaprylin to produce medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) in a packed bed reactor (PBR) has been investigated. A specific sn-1,3 commercial Lipozyme TL IM was used as biocatalyst.  Within this study, the progress of transesterification was monitored especially for triacylglycerol (TAG) formation with equivalent carbon number (ECN) of 32, presumably 1,3-dicapryoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol (COC). Transesterification conditions investigated were residence times (i.e., 15, 30, and 60 min) and enzyme loadings (2.0 and 4.5 g).  The highest yield of ECN 32 (13%) and transesterification degree (71%) were obtained at residence time of 15 mins for both enzyme loadings. Longer residence time seemed to facilitate lipid hydrolysis over transesterification. This was indicated by the number of peaks appearing in the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms and the reduction of fat slip melting point (SMP). Additionally, the highest productivity was obtained at 2.0 g enzyme loading. Conclusively, this study has demonstrated the potential use of packed-bed reactor with immobilized Lipozyme TL IM for continuous synthesis of MLM-SLs especially TAG with ECN32.

scholarly journals The synthesis of medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) by lipase-catalyzed transesterification using palm olein and tricaprylin in packed-bed reactor (PBR)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qabul Dinanta Utama ◽  
Azis Boing Sitanggang ◽  
Dede Robiatul Adawiyah ◽  
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Structured Lipid ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Equivalent Carbon Number ◽  
Lipozyme Tl Im ◽  
Slip Melting Point

Abstract Lipase-catalyzed transesterification between refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDO) and tricaprylin to produce medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) in a packed bed reactor has been investigated. A specific sn -1,3 commercial Lipozyme TL IM was used as biocatalyst. Within this study, the progress of transesterification was monitored especially for triacylglycerol (TAG) formation with equivalent carbon number (ECN) of 32, presumably 1,3-dicapryoyl-2-oleoyl- sn -glycerol (COC). Transesterification conditions investigated were residence times ( i.e ., 15, 30, and 60 min) and enzyme loadings (2 and 4.5 g). The highest yield of ECN 32 (13%) and transesterification degree (71%) were obtained at residence time of 15 mins for both enzyme loadings. Longer residence time seemed to facilitate lipid hydrolysis over transesterification. This was indicated by the number of peaks appearing in the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms and the reduction of of fat slip melting point (SMP). Additionally, at 4.5 enzyme loading the highest productivity was obtained for one-cycle reaction. Conclusively, this study has demonstrated the potential use of packed-bed reactor with immobilized Lipozyme TL IM for continuous synthesis of MLM-SLs especially TAG ECN32.

scholarly journals Removal of Organic Micropollutants from a Municipal Wastewater Secondary Effluent by UVA-LED Photocatalytic Ozonation

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Chávez ◽  
Ana R. Ribeiro ◽  
Nuno F. F. Moreira ◽  
Adrián M. T. Silva ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Refractory Compounds

Numerous contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been found in different water bodies. Directive 2013/39/EU and Decision 2018/840/EU are consequently being implemented in the field of water policies. Twelve CECs (e.g., isoproturon, ciprofloxacin, and clarithromycin are among those listed) were detected in a municipal wastewater secondary effluent by means of solid phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS). Different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), based on the combination of ozone, UVA-LED and powdered TiO2, were investigated for their removal in a semi-batch operation. In addition, TiO2-coated glass rings (P25R) were characterized with different techniques (SEM, WDXRF) and used for continuous mode operation in a packed bed reactor (PBR). Among the AOPs studied, ozone-based processes were found to be more efficient than heterogeneous photocatalysis. A kinetic study was performed showing that direct ozonation is the main oxidation pathway for CEC removal. Ozone was successfully decomposed in combination with UVA-LED and P25R, resulting in an apparent rate constant of 3.2 × 10−2 s−1 higher than in the O3/LED system (1.0 × 10−3 s−1) or with ozone alone (8.6 × 10−5 s−1). Hydroxyl radical reaction could prevail over direct ozone reaction for the most refractory compounds (e.g., isoproturon).

scholarly journals Mathematical modelling of the residence time distribution of CO2 tracer in a three-phase micro-packed bed reactor: An experimental analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e23210917425
Author(s):  
Jornandes Marcelo da Silva ◽  
Vitória da Fonseca Dias ◽  
Jornandes Dias da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Residence Time Distribution ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This study reports the residence time distribution (RTD) using CO2 as tracer in Three-phase micro-packed bed (TP-mPB) reactor. Experimental measurements were obtained at the inlet and at the outlet from TP-mPB reactor using the injection of small amount (3%) of CO2 tracer inside the sweep gas current. The dynamic model characterizes a diffusion-adsorption process of CO2 tracer in terms of mass transfer phenomena (external and internal). The mathematical model was validated against a set of experimental data where simulated results of CO2 tracer adequately matched the experimental measures at the outlet of the micro-packed bed.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and biochemical characterizations of some Tunisian seed oils

OCL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iness J. Karoui ◽  
Jihene Ayari ◽  
Nessrine Ghazouani ◽  
Manef Abderrabba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Equivalent Carbon Number ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Array Detection

Four Tunisian vegetable oils extracted from seeds (Nigella sativa, Opuntia ficus indica, Pistacia lentiscus and Hibiscus sabdariffa) have been characterized in this study. The following parameters were determined: acidity, peroxide value, saponification value, specific extinction coefficients K232, K270, chlorophylls and carotenoids content. The triglyceride and tocopherol compositions of the oils were determined using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and the fatty acids (FA) and phytosterol compositions were determined using a gas chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID). Polyunsaturated fatty acids were predominant in all tested samples except in Pistacia lentiscus oil where monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant. Major FA were linoleic and oleic acids. β-sitosterol was the most abundant phytosterol. All samples had high content of TAGs with an equivalent carbon number of 44, 46 and 48. Nigella sativa oil had the highest content of tocopherols.

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