scholarly journals Política dos diamantes em Angola durante a primeira era colonial: as relações entre o estado e a Diamang 1917-1961

Afro-Ásia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Alencastro
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Influential Individuals ◽  
State Functions

<p class="abstract">Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar as origens e a evolução do setor dos diamantes em Angola. Ele começa em 1921 com a criação da companhia Diamantes de Angola (Diamang) e termina em 1961 com o início da luta anticolonial. Ao longo desse período, o Estado colonial e o setor dos diamantes desenvolveram uma relação simbiótica: o Estado atribuía os poderes necessários para a Diamang estabelecer um “estado dentro do estado” e, assim, consolidar a presença territorial das autoridades portugueses. Para explicar a emergência e a consolidação dessa relação, o artigo explora as razões pelas quais o Estado colonial cedeu poderes à Diamang, sublinhando sua fraca capacidade institucional para projetar autoridade no interior da colônia de Angola. Em seguida, o artigo mostra como a Diamang passou a ter um papel essencial nos debates sobre política administrativa e fiscal na colônia e na metrópole.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Lunda - setor dos diamantes - história colonial - Angola.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p class="abstract"><em>This article examines the origins and evolution of the diamond sector in Angola. It begins in 1921 with the creation of DIAMANG and ends in 1961 with the outbreak of the liberation war. It argues that throughout this period (and beyond) the colonial state and the diamond sector shared a complex but ultimately co-constitutive relationship: the state granted DIAMANG the necessary powers, while DIAMANG built a ‘state inside the state’ on the former’s behalf. To explain the emergence – and the persistence – of this relationship, the chapter explores the reasons why the colonial state empowered DIAMANG to perform state functions in Lunda in the first place, highlighting the institutional incapacity of the early colonial state to broadcast its power directly in the hinterland. It then shows how DIAMANG furthered the financial and other interests of Portuguese colonial officials and other influential individuals in the colony as well as in the metropolis, and vice-versa. </em></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Lunda - diamond sector - colonial history - Angola</em></p>

scholarly journals POLÍTICA DOS DIAMANTES EM ANGOLA DURANTE A PRIMEIRA ERA COLONIAL: AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE O ESTADO E A DIAMANG, 1917-1961

Afro-Ásia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Alencastro
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Influential Individuals ◽  
State Functions

<p class="abstract">Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar as origens e a evolução do setor dos diamantes em Angola. Ele começa em 1921 com a criação da companhia Diamantes de Angola (Diamang) e termina em 1961 com o início da luta anticolonial. Ao longo desse período, o Estado colonial e o setor dos diamantes desenvolveram uma relação simbiótica: o Estado atribuía os poderes necessários para a Diamang estabelecer um “estado dentro do estado” e, assim, consolidar a presença territorial das autoridades portugueses. Para explicar a emergência e a consolidação dessa relação, o artigo explora as razões pelas quais o Estado colonial cedeu poderes à Diamang, sublinhando sua fraca capacidade institucional para projetar autoridade no interior da colônia de Angola. Em seguida, o artigo mostra como a Diamang passou a ter um papel essencial nos debates sobre política administrativa e fiscal na colônia e na metrópole.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Lunda - setor dos diamantes - história colonial - Angola.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p class="abstract"><em>This article examines the origins and evolution of the diamond sector in Angola. It begins in 1921 with the creation of DIAMANG and ends in 1961 with the outbreak of the liberation war. It argues that throughout this period (and beyond) the colonial state and the diamond sector shared a complex but ultimately co-constitutive relationship: the state granted DIAMANG the necessary powers, while DIAMANG built a ‘state inside the state’ on the former’s behalf. To explain the emergence – and the persistence – of this relationship, the chapter explores the reasons why the colonial state empowered DIAMANG to perform state functions in Lunda in the first place, highlighting the institutional incapacity of the early colonial state to broadcast its power directly in the hinterland. It then shows how DIAMANG furthered the financial and other interests of Portuguese colonial officials and other influential individuals in the colony as well as in the metropolis, and vice-versa. </em></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Lunda - diamond sector - colonial history - Angola</em></p>

How Finance Colonised Aotearoa: A Concise Counter-History

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Catherine Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Financial History ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
History Of

This paper intervenes in orthodox under-standings of Aotearoa New Zealand’s colonial history to elucidate another history that is not widely recognised. This is a financial history of colonisation which, while implicit in existing accounts, is peripheral and often incidental to the central narrative. Undertaking to reread Aotearoa New Zealand’s early colonial history from 1839 to 1850, this paper seeks to render finance, financial instruments, and financial institutions explicit in their capacity as central agents of colonisation. In doing so, it offers a response to the relative inattention paid to finance as compared with the state in material practices of colonisation. The counter-history that this paper begins to elicit contains important lessons for counter-futures. For, beyond its implications for knowledge, the persistent and violent role of finance in the colonisation of Aotearoa has concrete implications for decolonial and anti-capitalist politics today.  

scholarly journals Professionalizing bureaucracy and building state capacities: are there unequal advances in Brazilian public administration?

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Campos Christo Fernandes ◽  
Pedro Lucas de Moura Palotti
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Federal Administration ◽  
State Functions

Abstract This article contributes to the discussion on public administration in Brazil. It examines the differences between the four functions of the state (basic functions, welfare, infrastructure and development, and emerging functions), based on the positions and careers of public servants. The data were collected in 2014 using a survey with public managers from different agencies of the Brazilian federal administration. The results point to distinctions regarding the roles played by middle managers, considering their distribution by state functions, profile, and activities. In a historical perspective, although there are basic functions that constitute the state, the creation of new careers and the recruitment of staff in the bureaucracy resulted in unequal development of the different state functions, generating imbalance and asymmetries. Also, emerging functions are generating new, more flexible, and dynamic ways for managers to work, which have renewed the Brazilian bureaucracy, albeit in a limited and heterogeneous way.

scholarly journals Profissionalizando a burocracia e construindo capacidades: avanços desiguais na administração pública brasileira?

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-710
Author(s):  
Ciro Campos Christo Fernandes ◽  
Pedro Lucas de Moura Palotti
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Federal Administration ◽  
State Functions

Abstract This article contributes to the discussion on public administration in Brazil. It examines the differences between the four functions of the state (basic functions, welfare, infrastructure and development, and emerging functions), based on the positions and careers of public servants. The data were collected in 2014 using a survey with public managers from different agencies of the Brazilian federal administration. The results point to distinctions regarding the roles played by middle managers, considering their distribution by state functions, profile, and activities. In a historical perspective, although there are basic functions that constitute the state, the creation of new careers and the recruitment of staff in the bureaucracy resulted in unequal development of the different state functions, generating imbalance and asymmetries. Also, emerging functions are generating new, more flexible, and dynamic ways for managers to work, which have renewed the Brazilian bureaucracy, albeit in a limited and heterogeneous way.

scholarly journals Coping with the Contradictions: The Development of the Colonial State in Kenya, 1895–1914

1979 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lonsdale ◽  
Bruce Berman
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Modes ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Capitalist State ◽  
The Way

By drawing on the current Marxist debate about the nature of the capitalist state, this article argues that the colonial state was obliged to be more interventionist than the mature capitalist state in its attempts to manage the economy, since colonies were distinguished by the way in which they articulated capitalism to local modes of production. This posed severe problems of social control, since the capitalist sector required the preservation of indigenous social institutions while also extracting resources from them. In early colonial Kenya this problem was mitigated by a rough compatibility between the needs of settler capital and the patronage exercised by African chiefs within a peasant sector which was expanded to solve the colonial administration's initial need for peace and revenue. The peasant sector was not destroyed, rather it was represented in the state, which never ceased thereafter to be plagued by the conflicts between the two modes of production over which it presided.

ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS OF ONOMASTIC STANDARDIZATION: BELARUSIAN EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
I.L. Kapylou
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
The Creation

The article describes the achievements and determines the prospects for the standardization of Belarusian onyms: it examines the problems associated with the establishment of official written forms of toponyms, the creation of normative onomastic reference books, the functioning of onyms in the situation of the state Belarusian-Russian bilingualism in Belarus, the transliteration of foreign names into the Belarusian language, the preparation of a legal framework and development of a program for proper names romanization.

The Museum Istiqlal The Case of an Indonesian Islamic Museum

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-357
Author(s):  
Jonathan Zilberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
The State ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

This article describes the conflicted genesis of the Museum Istiqlal, the history of  the creation of the collection, and the state of the institution relative to other Indonesian museums. It emphasizes both  positive developments underway and the historical problems facing the institution. Above all, it focuses on the role the museum was originally intended to serve for the Indonesian Muslim public sphere and the significant potential the museum has to better serve that mission in the national and international sphere. In short, the article emphasizes that in the context of the Government of Indonesia’s current four year plan to revive the museum sector, the problems and opportunities presented at the Museum Istiqlal are symptomatic of endemic national challenges for both the museum and the education sector.

scholarly journals Mass Petitioning, Education Reform, and the Development of Political Culture in Madras, 1839–1842

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Scott Travanion Connors
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Creation

Abstract This article explores the emergence of reformist sentiment and political culture in Madras in the mid-nineteenth century. Moreover, it contributes to, and expands upon, the growing body of literature on colonial petitioning through a case-study of a mass petition demanding education reform. Signed in 1839 by 70,000 subjects from across the Madras presidency, the petition demanded the creation of a university that would qualify western-educated Indians to gain employment in the high public offices of the East India Company. Through an analysis of the lifecycle of this education petition, from its creation to its reception and the subsequent adoption of its demands by the Company government at Fort St George, this article charts the process by which an emergent, politicized public engaged with, and critiqued, the colonial state. Finally, it examines the transformative effect that the practice of mass petitioning had on established modes of political activism and communication between an authoritarian colonial state and the society it governed.

scholarly journals Restructuring the State: Policy Transition of Construction Land Supply in Urban and Rural China

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Renhao Yang ◽  
Qingyuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Rural China ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Central State ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
State Functions

Encountering the articulation of the strongness of local authorities and market forces in China’s development, attention has been paid to the changing central state which recentralised the regulation capability of localities which has more discretional power on resources utilisation, land for example, in the post-reform era. Yet it is still not clear-cut what drives the state rescaling in terms of land governance and by what ways. After dissecting the evolving policies and practices of construction land supply in China with the focus on the roles of state, we draw two main conclusions. First, the policy trajectory of construction land supply entails a complicated reconfiguration of state functions, which is driven by three interwoven relations: land–capital relation, peasant–state relation and rural–urban relation. Second, state rescaling in terms of the governance of construction land provision works via four important approaches: limited decentralism, horizontal integralism, local experimentalism and political mobilisationism. By reviewing the institutional arrangements of construction land provision and the state rescaling process behind them, this article offers a nuanced perspective to the state (re)building that goes beyond the simplified (vertical or horizontal) transition of state functions.

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