scholarly journals Mass Petitioning, Education Reform, and the Development of Political Culture in Madras, 1839–1842

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Scott Travanion Connors
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Creation

Abstract This article explores the emergence of reformist sentiment and political culture in Madras in the mid-nineteenth century. Moreover, it contributes to, and expands upon, the growing body of literature on colonial petitioning through a case-study of a mass petition demanding education reform. Signed in 1839 by 70,000 subjects from across the Madras presidency, the petition demanded the creation of a university that would qualify western-educated Indians to gain employment in the high public offices of the East India Company. Through an analysis of the lifecycle of this education petition, from its creation to its reception and the subsequent adoption of its demands by the Company government at Fort St George, this article charts the process by which an emergent, politicized public engaged with, and critiqued, the colonial state. Finally, it examines the transformative effect that the practice of mass petitioning had on established modes of political activism and communication between an authoritarian colonial state and the society it governed.

Building borders in a borderless land: English colonialism and the Alam Minangkabau of Sumatra, 1680�1730

2021 ◽  
Vol 9s4 ◽  
pp. 58-89
Author(s):  
David Veevers
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East India Company ◽  
The West ◽  
The People ◽  
The Creation ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Trading Networks ◽  
Kinship Ties

This article adopts the concept of securitisation to understand the failure of the English East India Company�s attempt to build a territorial empire on the island of Sumatra in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Securitisation formed a key component of European colonialism, involving the creation of fortified and militarised borders both to exclude groups from entering newly defined territorial spaces, but also as a way to control goods, labour and resources within those spaces. Ultimately, this form of imperialism failed on the west coast of Sumatra, where a highly mobile society participated in a shared political culture that made any formal boundary or border between Malay states too difficult to enforce. Trading networks, religious affiliations, transregional kinship ties, and migratory circuits all worked to undermine the Company�s attempt to establish its authority over delineated territory and the people and goods within it.

CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: INNOVATION AT THE INTERSECTION BETWEEN CREATIVE DESTRUCTION AND CONTROLLED ADAPTATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 181-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASTRID HEIDEMANN LASSEN ◽  
SUNA LØWE NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Creative Destruction ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Core ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Conceptual Discussion ◽  
Innovation And Change

In spite of a growing body of knowledge on the importance of innovation and change, firms still experience great difficulties in being continuously entrepreneurial. This article addresses reasons for such difficulties. Building on a conceptual discussion, the article first identifies seemingly opposing forces found at the core of corporate entrepreneurship. These forces are in the article described in terms of 'creative destruction' and 'controlled adaptation'. Both forces are identified as being essential to successful corporate entrepreneurship, but set very different agendas, which can be expected to give rise to tension. Next, a case study of a Danish high-tech SME is introduced in order to identify patterns of practices which are potentially supportive of the creation of balance between the seemingly opposing forces. Based on this, the article introduces a framework for discussion of the two forces and the consequences of how they are approached managerially.

How German Theologians Read and Edited Luther for the Public: Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider’s Luther for Our Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-206
Author(s):  
Zachary Purvis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
History Of Scholarship ◽  
Conservative Protestants

Abstract Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Entstehung und die Wirkung von Luther an unsere Zeit (1817), Karl Gottlieb Bretschneiders vielgelesenes Buch der Auszüge, als Fallstudie darüber, wie moderne wissenschaftliche Theologen und Herausgeber Luther gelesen, kommentiert und anderen Lesern vorgestellt haben: in diesem Beispiel als Rationalist. Das Buch war umstritten. Der Beitrag befasst sich auch mit zwei konkurrierenden Auswahlen von Luthers Schriften, die von den konservativeren Protestanten Friedrich Perthes und Hans Lorenz Andreas Vent sowie den ultramontanen Katholiken Nikolaus Weis und Andreas Räß als Antwort verfasst wurden. Es deutet darauf hin, dass eine stärkere Berücksichtigung solcher Zusammenstellungen und der Arbeitsmethoden der Compiler selbst – als Teil der kritischen Geschichte der Wissenschaft – sowohl unser Verständnis des tatsächlichen Einsatzes der Reformer und ihrer breiten Rezeption durch verschiedene Leser bereichern als auch neues Licht werfen wird über die Polemik des frühen neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. This article examines the creation and impact of Luther for Our Time (1817), Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider’s much-read book of excerpts, as a case study of how modern scientific theologians and editors read, annotated, and introduced Luther to other readers: in this instance as a rationalist. The book was controversial. The article also looks at two competing selections of Luther’s texts prepared in response by the more conservative Protestants Friedrich Perthes and Hans Lorenz Andreas Vent and the ultramontane Catholics Nikolaus Weis and Andreas Räß. It suggests that greater consideration of such compilations and the working methods of the compilers themselves – part of the critical history of scholarship – will both enrich our understanding of the actual use of reformers and their broad reception by various readers, as well as shed new light on the polemics of the early nineteenth century.

Associating Physics and Chemistry to Dissociate Molecules

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Petit
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Limited Communication ◽  
Ionic Dissociation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Svante Arrhenius ◽  
The Relationship

A case study of the Clausius-Williamson hypothesis sheds light on the development of the physical sciences during the nineteenth century. In the 1850s, Rudolf Clausius and Alexander William Williamson independently developed similar hypotheses at a time when physics and chemistry were beginning to be considered independent endeavors. Some thirty years later, after specialization took root, their names were associated; the two hypotheses became the hypothesis of Clausius-Williamson. How and why were these distinct investigations conducted in the 1850s unified in the 1880s? The current historiography addresses the Clausius-Williamson hypothesis as it is featured in subsequent interpretations by Svante Arrhenius, but does not thoroughly analyze the published writings of Clausius and Williamson themselves. This paper reappraises Clausius’s and Williamson’s works in their original context and analyzes how their hypotheses came to be associated. This case study emphasizes how the relationship between physics and chemistry evolved in the nineteenth century. More specifically, it underscores the limited communication between these disciplines in the 1850s and the rise of interdisciplinarity in the 1880s, which led to the creation of a new field: physical chemistry. From the study of the emergence and success of the theory of ionic dissociation and physical chemistry, I show that referring to the authoritative figures of Clausius and Williamson legitimized and valorized investigations at the borderlands of physics and chemistry in a context of increased specialization.

“He Who Owns the Trifels, Owns the Reich”: Nazi Medievalism and the Creation of the Volksgemeinschaft in the Palatinate

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Link ◽  
Mark W. Hornburg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Local Populace

AbstractThis article analyzes the interplay between Nazi cultural politics and regional identity in the Palatinate region of Germany through the lens of the Ludwig Siebert program. Created by Bavarian Minister-President Ludwig Siebert in the early 1930s to stimulate the regional construction industry, this program involved the conservation of medieval castles and ruins in Bavaria and the Palatinate. The renovation of these monuments, which had been central to the cultural memory and identity of Pfälzers since at least the nineteenth century, proved to be effective in mobilizing the local populace for Siebert's aims and, consequently, for the goals of the Nazi regime. Because its melding of cultural politics and regional identity helped to stabilize the regime in the Palatinate during its early years, the Siebert program provides a particularly illustrative microhistorical case study of the Nazi regime's mechanisms for creating the Volksgemeinschaft in the provinces. By focusing on the Palatinate town of Annweiler, which sits at the foot of the storied Trifels castle, a favored renovation project of Siebert's, this article offers a closely observed demonstration of these mechanisms at work.

scholarly journals Plantation science: improving natural indigo in colonial India, 1860–1913

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRAKASH KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
International Market ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Metropolitan Government ◽  
Dye Industry

AbstractThis paper explores the transition to synthetic dyestuffs through a principal focus on developments within the last major holdout of the natural-dye industry, the blue colourant indigo. It starts by looking closely at existing practices of cultivation and manufacture of the natural dye in colonial India in the second half of the nineteenth century. It also develops a case study based on targeted efforts scientifically to improve plant-derived indigo in laboratories and experiment stations in colonial India and imperial England. Experts attempted to increase yields and enhance the purity of the natural dye to meet the competition of the cheaper and purer synthetic indigo launched on the international market in 1897 by two German firms, BASF and Hoechst. The paper explains the patronage of science by European planters, the colonial state and the metropolitan government and analyses the nature of science that emerged in the colonial–imperial nexus.

scholarly journals Stanisław Dedio (1890-1945), poznański filolog klasyczny, wychowawca młodzieży i społecznik

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Dariusz Słapek
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Scientific Achievement ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Diffi Cult

Jerzy Starnawski asserted the existence of the so-called “third generation of modern histori- ans of literature or, more broadly, “modern Polish representatives of the humanities with substan- tial merit in various fields.” He added that he referred to the generation born in the last decades of the nineteenth century, who then attended higher schools in the early twentieth century and be- came professionally active in the interwar years. Starnawski’s argument did not rely on meticulous prosopographic analyses and, apart from that, it was almost exclusively concerned with the scholarly achievement of the individuals he mentioned. This paper aims to verify Starnawski’s opinion based on a case study, i.e. the biography of Stanisław Dedio, a little known figure in the annals of the Polish humanities. The author argues that if Dedio did belong to the aforementioned “third generation of the modern representatives of the humanities”, then an immanent trait of the generation – besides scientific achievement – was deeply patriotic social and political activism, which peaked in the diffi- cult period of building the Second Republic of Poland.

Colonial law in the making

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 202-225
Author(s):  
Benoît Henriet
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Political Sovereignty ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Congo Free State ◽  
Legislative Processes ◽  
Made In

From its creation to the present day, jurists and historians have perceived the Congo Free State (CFS) as a special example of political sovereignty. As a ‘colony without Metropolis’ whose territorial basis was obtained through disputed treaties made in the name of geographical and philanthropic societies with almost no legal existence, it stands out at first sight as an anomaly in nineteenth century colonial State building. Yet, the Free State’s legal existence is largely rooted in other imperial experiences, and shares multiple common features with its colonial rivals. This article intends to show how, from H.M. Stanley’s first expeditions in the mouth of the Congo River (1876) to the creation of Belgian colony (1908), international law and foreign imperial rules were used as the very matrix of the CFS’s legal existence as a sovereign State. The particular history of the CFS’s quest for sovereignty and the creation of its land legislation not only offers a unique example of colonial law making, it also provides interesting outputs on colonial legislative processes, as well as general observations on the West’s territorial expansion in the nineteenth century.


Background

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Anish Vanaik
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Primitive Accumulation ◽  
Extended Form ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City

Chapter 1 traces the transformations of Delhi after the Rebellion of 1857. It draws attention to four crucial phenomena between 1857 and 1911: the demolition and reconstruction of the city after the rebellion, the process of building the railways, administering garden lands around Delhi, and the economic activity that developed around these transformations. These phenomena constituted an extended form of primitive accumulation in Delhi over the second half of the nineteenth century. Despite important differences, It incorporated the classic features of such a process: displacement of people, the creation of funds of wealth for future investment, and the employment of force to achieve this. On the eve of the shift of the capital to Delhi in 1911, the railways, commerce, finance, and the actions of the colonial state had between them generated a cityscape in which properties were bought and sold and suburban land was being built over.

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