scholarly journals Prevention of Oil Pollution of the Marine Environment by Ocean Vessels: Compliance and Enforcement of International Law

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
A. Z. M. Arman Habib ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Pollution

Marine Environmental Damage: The Compensability of Ecosystem Service Loss in International Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-641
Author(s):  
Günther Handl
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Full Compensation ◽  
Environmental Loss ◽  
National Practice ◽  
Marine Environmental

AbstractKey maritime conventions governing liability and compensation for pollution of the marine environment, foremost among them the 1992 Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Convention and the 2003 Supplementary Fund Protocol (the CLC/Fund regime), exclude compensation for pure environmental loss. This article discusses whether anything less than full compensation of damage to the marine environment, including the loss of ecosystem services, comports with contemporary international public policy or law. After reviewing and rejecting traditional arguments opposing such compensability, the article contrasts the CLC/Fund regime’s environmental claims practice with emerging trends in decision on the international legal plane and in select domestic legal systems, all of which support full compensation. The article thus concludes that an adjustment of the CLC/Fund regime’s environmental claims approach is desirable to align it with this international (and national) practice and thereby to protect the long-term integrity of the regime itself.

scholarly journals Highlighting the Crude Oil Bioremediation Potential of Marine Fungi Isolated from the Port of Oran (Algeria)

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlem Maamar ◽  
Marie-Elisabeth Lucchesi ◽  
Stella Debaets ◽  
Nicolas Nguyen van Long ◽  
Maxence Quemener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Seawater Samples

While over hundreds of terrestrial fungal genera have been shown to play important roles in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, few studies have so far focused on the fungal bioremediation potential of petroleum in the marine environment. In this study, the culturable fungal communities occurring in the port of Oran in Algeria, considered here as a chronically-contaminated site, have been mainly analyzed in terms of species richness. A collection of 84 filamentous fungi has been established from seawater samples and then the fungi were screened for their ability to utilize and degrade crude oil. A total of 12 isolates were able to utilize crude oil as a unique carbon source, from which 4 were defined as the most promising biodegrading isolates based on a screening test using 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol as a proxy to highlight their ability to metabolize crude oil. The biosurfactant production capability was also tested and, interestingly, the oil spreading and drop-collapse tests highlighted that the 4 most promising isolates were also those able to produce the highest quantity of biosurfactants. The results generated in this study demonstrate that the most promising fungal isolates, namely Penicillium polonicum AMF16, P. chrysogenum AMF47 and 2 isolates (AMF40 and AMF74) affiliated to P. cyclopium, appear to be interesting candidates for bioremediation of crude oil pollution in the marine environment within the frame of bioaugmentation or biostimulation processes.

1 Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison James
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
First Century ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Rules And Standards

Chapter 1 provides an introduction to both the anthropogenic threats facing the marine environment at the beginning of the twenty-first century and the role that international law plays in regulating humankind’s impacts on the oceans. It argues that the protection of the marine environment is a common concern of humankind, requiring the cooperation of all States in adopting appropriate international rules and standards to address the main threats to the marine environment and collective efforts to ensure the enforcement of those norms. The chapter then explains the key sources of international law that are relevant to the regulation of marine activities, highlighting the central role played by treaties, related non-binding instruments, judicial decisions, and general principles of international law. This introduction to the sources of international law provides a basic background to the more detailed analysis of specific treaties and related instruments in the remainder of the book.

OIL POLLUTION ACT OF 1990: CURE, CATALYST, OR CATASTROPHE1

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 713-717
Author(s):  
Mary G. Holt ◽  
Lindy S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
International Community ◽  
Vessel Response ◽  
International Liability ◽  
Double Hull ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT Congress departed from the international community to unilaterally enact comprehensive oil spill legislation, the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA). OPA legislates in several areas not covered by the international liability scheme for oil spills, including requirements for double-hull vessels, manning standards for foreign vessels, vessel response plans, and detailed and extensive provisions for liability for natural resource damages. Thus, it clearly provides better protection for the U.S. marine environment than would the international liability scheme. While OPA has encouraged the international community to take certain steps to provide greater protection, significant differences remain between OPA and the applicable international rules and standards. Protection of the marine environment on a global scale would be increased if the United States and the international community could bridge these differences.

Oil Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Many Sources

<p><span>Oil pollution can enter the marine environment from many sources including land, shipping, and oil installations. It can have significant impacts on the marine environment that, depending on the type of oil, can last for prolonged periods of time. Monitoring oil pollution in the Mediterranean Sea region has been conducted using both aerial and satellite surveillance. This presentation will provide an overview of the sources and volumes of oil entering the Mediterranean, identify impacts on the marine ecosystem in general terms, and will review surveillance activities in the region, including cooperative activities undertaken by regional and EU agencies, for example. </span></p> <p> </p>

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