Lightning Protection for Buildings Threatened with Explosion of Solid Explosives

This paper presents the overview of current regulations pertaining to lightning protection of all facilities threatened with explosion of solid explosives, that is buildings where such materials are manufactured or stored. Lightning hazard due to possible thunderbolt striking directly into the building or into its neighbourhood has been analysed. Direct results of lightning current flow have been considered as well as secondary results arising from thermal, electrodynamic and inductive actions of this current. In order to eliminate the existing hazards, application of recognized lightning protection designs has been proposed and justified.

Innovative Potential of Gas Detonation

Introduction. Explosive technologies are widely used in the extraction industries, in mechanical engineering for welding, hardening, etc. However, the use of solid explosives is limited, above all, by safety requirements. Therefore, the use of a safer and more convenient source of energy, gas detonation, is attracting much attention. Pressures, temperatures, and velocities in detonation waves or shock waves in gases close to them in terms of intensity, as well as the pulse nature of the influence of these factors determine a high potential of their technical and technological use. Problem Statement. In many technical systems, deflagration modes of burning prevail. However, a more thermodynamically advantageous method of combustion and conversion of chemical energy of fuel into useful work is the detonation mode of combustion. This ensures the feasibility of development, research and wider implementation of various technologies and devices using controlled gas detonation. Purpose. Systematization and analysis of the main trends in the development and design of detonation gas technologies and devices in Ukraine and throughout the world. Materials and Methods. Systematization and analysis of scholarly research publications and patents on the practical application of gas detonation in various sectors of the economy. Results. The tendencies of practical use of gas detonation in different branches of industry have been revealed and analyzed. Priority developments in the technological application of the method in mechanical engineering have been performed in Ukraine. However, in many technical areas Ukraine has fallen behind the world leaders in terms of the creation of detonation gas technologies and devices. Conclusions. For the practical use of the potential of gas detonation, it is necessary to develop fundamentally new devices that ensure reliable, safe, and controlable generation and propagation of detonation waves in gases and sprayed fuels. Gas detonation is promising for the creation of more advanced technologies and equipment.

Innovative Potential of Gas Detonation

Introduction. Explosive technologies are widely used in the extraction industries, in mechanical engineering for welding, hardening, etc. However, the use of solid explosives is limited, above all, by safety requirements. Therefore, the use of a safer and more convenient source of energy, gas detonation, is attracting much attention. Pressures, temperatures, and velocities in detonation waves or shock waves in gases close to them in terms of intensity, as well as the pulse nature of the influence of these factors determine a high potential of their technical and technological use. Problem Statement. In many technical systems, deflagration modes of burning prevail. However, a more thermodynamically advantageous method of combustion and conversion of chemical energy of fuel into useful work is the detonation mode of combustion. This ensures the feasibility of development, research and wider implementation of various technologies and devices using controlled gas detonation. Purpose. Systematization and analysis of the main trends in the development and design of detonation gas technologies and devices in Ukraine and throughout the world. Materials and Methods. Systematization and analysis of scholarly research publications and patents on the practical application of gas detonation in various sectors of the economy. Results. The tendencies of practical use of gas detonation in different branches of industry have been revealed and analyzed. Priority developments in the technological application of the method in mechanical engineering have been performed in Ukraine. However, in many technical areas Ukraine has fallen behind the world leaders in terms of the creation of detonation gas technologies and devices. Conclusions. For the practical use of the potential of gas detonation, it is necessary to develop fundamentally new devices that ensure reliable, safe, and controlable generation and propagation of detonation waves in gases and sprayed fuels. Gas detonation is promising for the creation of more advanced technologies and equipment.

AN OVERVIEW OF OPTICAL AND THERMOELECTRICAL SYSTEMS DETECTING MOVEMENT OF COMBUSTION ZONES IN SOLID EXPLOSIVES

In this contribution author did a general overview of works [1-7], in which he participated, describing non-invasive systems on detection of movement of combustion fronts in solid end-burning explosive materials – rocket propellants and pyrotechnic compositions - inserted into tube combustion chambers. The systems are used to measure linear burning velocity of tested explosives. Detecting systems, the author has contributed to as well, concerned the application of pyrolitic graphite (pyrographite) as structural and sensory material of combustive chambers and one of devices detecting the displacement of the burning front i.e. an IR or VIS camera or thermocouples. The review has been made in the background of other systems using optical detectors [8-12] or thermocouples [13-21].