Lightning Protection for Buildings Threatened with Explosion of Solid Explosives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2(44)2021) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Henryk BORYN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Flow ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Lightning Current ◽  
Solid Explosives ◽  
Direct Results ◽  
Secondary Results

This paper presents the overview of current regulations pertaining to lightning protection of all facilities threatened with explosion of solid explosives, that is buildings where such materials are manufactured or stored. Lightning hazard due to possible thunderbolt striking directly into the building or into its neighbourhood has been analysed. Direct results of lightning current flow have been considered as well as secondary results arising from thermal, electrodynamic and inductive actions of this current. In order to eliminate the existing hazards, application of recognized lightning protection designs has been proposed and justified.

scholarly journals Numerical Study of Lightning Protection of Wind Turbine Blade with De-Icing Electrical Heating System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Qibin Zhou ◽  
Zhenxing Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Bian
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Wind Turbine Blade ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Electromagnetic Transients ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Lightning Current

In order to solve the problem of icing on the surface of wind turbine blade, a heating system that includes a carbon fiber net (CFN) and power cables is proposed recently. When lightning strikes at the blade with a de-icing heating system, the blade and its heating system are more easily damaged due to the overvoltage between the lightning protection system (LPS) of the blade and the heating system. In this paper, the models of a wind turbine blade with the de-icing heating system are established by Alternative Transients Program/Electromagnetic Transients Program (ATP–EMTP) and the accuracy of models is verified through an experiment. With these models, the influence of lightning current, surge protective devices (SPDs) and earthing resistance of wind turbine are analyzed by calculating the voltage between the down-conductor of the LPS and the heating system. The results show that the voltage is positively correlated with lightning current amplitude and negatively correlated with the front time of lightning current. SPDs are quite useful to reduce the voltage, and an optimal installation scheme of SPDs is obtained by simulation. It is noted that voltage decreases slightly with the increasing earthing resistance with the optimal installation scheme of SPDs.

Simulation of Secondary Equipment Lightning Protection in EHV Substation Based on ATP

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 514-517
Author(s):  
Hong Bo Li ◽  
Lin Niu ◽  
Nan Nan Gao ◽  
Jie Zhan ◽  
Pei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Secondary System ◽  
Frequency Signal ◽  
High Frequency Signal ◽  
Lightning Current ◽  
Grounding Grids ◽  
The One

By analyzing the two lightning accidents happening to a 500kV substation situated in the lightning-prone northeastern Guangdong Province, I conclude as follows, there should be some problem in the equipotential earthing of the secondary system of this substation. Specifically, the existing potential difference in the secondary equipment gave rise to the meltdown of it which finally caused the accident. In the context,I build the one-point earthing parallel system simulation model according to ATP graphic pretreatment program, then by using slope-ramp simulation I study the lightning current which leaked into the grounding grids of the substation.In conclusion, the application of high frequency signal mixed low frequency signal earth system in the secondary system and the equipotential bonding is key to preventing accidents.

Analysis on Lightning Electromagnetic Fields

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 350-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi Cui Zhang ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Liu Ling Wang ◽  
Li Feng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Perfect Conductor ◽  
Fundamental Theory ◽  
Lightning Current ◽  
The Earth

t is generally needed to know precisely spatial distribution of lightning electromagnetic fields in the lightning protection measurements. Therefore, the research on the lightning electromagnetic field is of practical significance. In this paper, the Maxwell equations were used to calculate and analyze the spatial distribution of lightning electromagnetic fields surrounding lightning current. And the expressions of lightning current electromagnetic fields were deduced under the assumption that the earth was under the condition of perfect conductor. The spatial distributions of the components of lightning electromagnetic fields have been plotted by Matlab. The results would provide fundamental theory for the research of lightning electromagnetic field and lightning protection measurements.

scholarly journals CN Tower current wavefront parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvir Burnazovic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Lightning Current ◽  
Negative Current ◽  
Multiple Stroke

This work is focused on the establishment of comprehensive statistics concerning the characteristics of the lightning current measured at the CN Tower during five years (1992-1996). Negative lightning currents are characterized with two distinguished impulses: short risetimes’ impulses, and impulses with substantially larger risetimes and larger current peaks in comparison with fast impulses. The slower negative current impulses were found to occur either in single stroke flashes or as first strokes in multiple stroke flashes, suggesting that they may belong to downward-initiated lightning to the CN Tower. The statistical analysis illustrates that there is a substantial difference in current wavefront parameter of ordinary negative fast wavefront impulses and those for slow wavefront negative impulses. The obtained statistics are very important for building lightning protection means against direct strikes to power lines, substation and communication equipments, as well as against lightning occurring in their vicinities.

scholarly journals Consideration of Lightning Current along a Tall Structure in the Presence of Horizontal Arrangement Grounding

2015 ◽  
Vol 793 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Norhidayu Rameli ◽  
Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir ◽  
Mahdi Izadi ◽  
Chandima Gomes ◽  
Norhafiz Azis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Factor ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Wave Shape ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Lightning Current ◽  
Tall Structure ◽  
Horizontal Arrangement ◽  
Inaccurate Result

The evaluation of the behaviour of lightning current along a tall structure is becoming an important issue when considering the lightning protection equipment required along a tall structure. This behaviour is affected by the element of the ground reflection factor which has a correlation between the impedance of the ground and the tower. The impedance of the ground is considered for a horizontal grounding arrangement while the impedance of the tower is assumed to be constant. Hence, the ground reflection factor can be given a variable value, whereas most of the existing literature assumes a constant value. When a constant value is entered into a calculation field, an inaccurate result is computed.In this paper, the lightning current along a tall structure under varying values of ground reflection factor and including the effect of the presence of a horizontal grounding arrangement has been considered and the results discussed accordingly. Modelling of the lightning return stroke current along a tall structure was undertaken by entering the calculated variable value of the ground reflection factor. The results indicated that a variable value of the ground reflection factor causes different peak values of the current and wave shape of the lightning current for different positions along a tall structure.

Induction Lightning Current System Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 1314-1317
Author(s):  
Pin Cui Zhang ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Ping Lu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Important Implication ◽  
Current System ◽  
Lightning Discharge ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Current Waveform ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Lightning Current ◽  
Test Circuit

Lightning protection plays a significant role in modern communication system and other electric instrument. The study of lightning current waveform has important implication for lightning protection, but the direct measurement of lightning current is too risk. So the induction lightning current waveform surveying arises at the historic moment. Depending on the capacitance of the simulated lightning discharge process based on the protel designed test circuit using self-made roche induction coil, the lightning current waveform had been simulated in the paper. Finally, by testing the system, we got a series of waveform data, and it is concluded that the characteristics of the induction lightning current under different pressure. These results would provide the theoretical basis for lightning protection.

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