Technical solutions for the evaluation of the effect of explosion pressure when detoning various explosive loads in view of increasing the degree of societal security

The scientific article highlights the synthesis of the research results to assess the effect of explosive pressure on the detonation of various quantities of explosives in order to ensure a predictable level of societal security. The results of the experimental researches highlighted in the scientific papers were obtained following the tests with explosive materials performed on different specially configured experimental assemblies in order to analyze the propagation of the pressure wave on a mobile platform with specially configured pressure and gas sensors as well as on the explosion pressure measuring sensors within two modern Kistler systems. The visualization of air pressure waves for the experiments performed with these working montages was done by using a high-speed camera based on the BOS effect applied on fast video filming with adequate quality characteristics on the number of frames per second and the resolution obtained.

Construction and safety aspects for the arrangement of mobile explosive deposits

The execution of the blasting works involves the management of the problem of storage of explosive materials. This aspect is easier to solve in the case of mines activities with long exploitation time and where storage capacities are arranged, according to the legislation that provides constructive and safety criteria depending on the type and quantity of explosive materials stored. In the case of isolated blasting works, those for road construction, building demolition, underwater or forestry, etc., storage facilities must be arranged for shorter periods of time and smaller capacity, but which must comply with security, environmental and risk requirements, such as high-capacity deposits with long duration of activity. Considering that for the execution of such blasting works, the national legislation provides the possibility of arranging temporary explosive depots, of small capacity, but without specifying the constructive details and the necessary safety requirements to be observed, mentioning only that they must be executed on the basis of a specialized project. This paper presents a series of tests conducted by INSEMEX, in order to establish recommendations regarding the constructive and safety requirements that must be observed when designing and building mobile explosive depots.

Improvement of Composite Propellants Energy Using Explosive Materials

Composite propellants are energetic materials have ability to ignite, burn fast and cause several simultaneous exothermic chemical reactions which produce huge amounts of gases under high pressures and temperatures which can spread spontaneously. 1n the present study, the explosive material hexogen (Cyclo tri-methylene tri-nitramine) was used to improve the performance properties of composite propellants, especially the specific impulse. For several formulations of hexogen at different added percentages, the specific impulse was calculated using thermodynamic calculations program of composite propellants. The results given were compared with those formulations not including hexogen. It was seen that; hexogen caused a significant positive effect in the specific impulse. Accordingly, the energy of composite propellant was improved positively in the samples containing hexogen till 40% of the oxidizer ratio. Also, it was noticed that the specific impulse began to decrease gradually for the oxidizers containing more than 40% of hexogen which caused in a decreasing of composite propellant energy. Finally, it was concluded that, the use of some amount of explosive materials like hexogen can improve composite propellants energy successfully.

Characteristics of Homemade Explosive Materials and the Possibilities of their Identification

One of the greatest challenges for explosive ordnance disposal operators is the disarming process of an improvised explosive device. These dangerous devices are often made from homemade explosive. Committing a bomb attack in urban areas is a basic weapon of terrorists, which may claim civilians’ lives. The main aim of experts is to avoid any lethal attack and to stop terrorists who endanger our life. Identifying homemade explosives may also help during the fight against terrorism since information may be provided this way, which is essential for professionals who work in the areas of operations. Usage of high-tech equipment provides stable and reliable background in the field of explosives’ analysis.

Tests of Samples of Emulsion Explosive Senatel Magnum before and after Introduction of the Marking Composition for Explosive Properties and Safety Criteria

The article is devoted to testing samples of the emulsion explosive Senatel Magnum before and after the introduction of the marking composition for explosive properties and safety criteria. It was established that the mixture of marking substances, which was introduced into the composition of the emulsion explosive Senatel Magnum, does not affect its explosive properties, as well as its safety in use during operation and conduct of blasting operations, since no inconsistencies were detected during tests by the specialists of explosive materials testing laboratory of the Expert Certification Center of Explosive Materials LLP. Various dyes were selected as marking agents. This choice is due to the fact that the dyes have a relatively low price, are very common on sale, when mixed with other substances, in particular industrial explosives, are determined visually. The technology was tested related to the introduction of marking additives into the compositions of multicomponent explosives without disrupting the technological process of their manufacture. Laboratory and field studies were carried out concerning safety criteria for explosives containing a marking composition. Thus, the urgent task is to ensure the possibility of marking (tagging) industrial explosives at the stage of their production with hidden marking additives, which will allow the product itself to be identified with the help of technical means — as an explosive, and to establish the brand of the detected explosive, manufacturer, and other required information.

Detonation nanodiamonds: from synthesis theory to application practice

The review is devoted to the current state of research and advances in the production and study of the properties of detonation nanodiamonds (DND), their application in technology and medicine. New data on the theory and practice of DND synthesis for the last 1–5 years are considered and systematized. It is shown that the zone of chemical reactions (ZCR) during the blust of explosive materials (EM) is decisive for the fractal pre-diamond structure formation, the final region of the nanodiamonds (1/3–3/4 of the diameter of the explosive charge) formation is determined. The possibility of predicting the DND yield and the influence of parameters on the synthesis process of nanodiamonds from individual EMs of binary and ternary compositions is shown, their optimal formulations are determined. The optimal ZCR width and the existence time of chemical reactions have been identified. The dependence of the DND yield on the nitrogen content in the EM was shown. The most effective method of DND purification and the possibility of obtaining graphite-diamond compositions of a given formulation are presented. The most informative indicators of nanodiamonds characterization are given. The magnetic properties of nanodiamonds are considered and the identity of the properties of DNDs from different EMs is shown. The characteristics of new compositions based on DND are indicated: electrochemical coatings (gold and chromium-diamond), thermal pastes, diamond-containing polymer filaments for a 3D printer, fuel compositions, enterosorbents, compatible with biosystems of the nanodiamond-drug composition.