Comprehensive Optimization of the Dispersion of Mixing Particles in an Inert-Particle Spouted-Bed Reactor (IPSBR) System

Effective gas dispersion and liquid mixing are significant parameters in the design of an inert-particle spouted-bed reactor (IPSBR) system. Solid particles can be used to ensure good mixing and an efficient rate of mass and heat transfer between the gas and liquid. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with the discrete phase model (DPM) were developed to investigate the effect of the feed gas velocity (0.5–1.5 m/s), orifice diameter (0.001–0.005 m), gas head (0.15–0.35 m), particle diameter (0.009–0.0225 m), and mixing-particle-to-reactor-volume fraction (2.0–10.0 vol.%) on the solid mass concentration, average solid velocity, and average solid volume fraction in the upper, middle, and conical regions of the reactor. Statistical analysis was performed using a second-order response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) to obtain the optimal operating conditions. Selected parameters were optimized to maximize the responses in the middle and upper regions, and minimize them in the conical region. Such conditions produced a high interfacial area and fewer dead zones owing to good particle dispersion. The optimal process variables were feed gas velocity of 1.5 m/s, orifice diameter of 0.001 m, gas head of 0.2025 m, a particle diameter of 0.01 m, and a particle load of 0.02 kg. The minimum average air velocity and maximum air volume fraction were observed under the same operating conditions. This confirmed the novelty of the reactor, which could work at a high feed gas velocity while maintaining a high residence time and gas volume fraction.

Effect of a Slat Arm Door on the Wing Efficiency of a Commercial Aircraft.

The objective of this thesis is to determine the influence of a slat arm door on the aerodynamic performance of a wing of a commercial aircraft during it's take off and landing configurations using CFD simulation. The slats are extended forward by extendable arms coming out from the leading edge of the wing after the slat arm is deployed. CFD analysis of wing and slat configuration of the aircraft showed that the removal of this slat door at higher angle of attacks increased the drag by 0.88%, reduced the lift by 1.29%, increased the inert particle residence time inside the slat door compartment by 200.00% and increased the local flow separation area on the top surface of the wing by 42.81% with reference to the closed model.

Effect of a Slat Arm Door on the Wing Efficiency of a Commercial Aircraft.

The objective of this thesis is to determine the influence of a slat arm door on the aerodynamic performance of a wing of a commercial aircraft during it's take off and landing configurations using CFD simulation. The slats are extended forward by extendable arms coming out from the leading edge of the wing after the slat arm is deployed. CFD analysis of wing and slat configuration of the aircraft showed that the removal of this slat door at higher angle of attacks increased the drag by 0.88%, reduced the lift by 1.29%, increased the inert particle residence time inside the slat door compartment by 200.00% and increased the local flow separation area on the top surface of the wing by 42.81% with reference to the closed model.

Experimental Investigation of Reactive-Inert Particulate Matter Detachment from Metal Fibres at Low Flow Velocities and Different Gas Temperatures

The detachment of particle structures from single fibres in gas flow has been investigated only for inert particle structures yet. This study investigates the detachment of particle structures containing reactive components. These reactive components disappear during the reaction and enhance detachment at low flow velocities. Soot was used as the reactive component and glass spheres as the inert component of the particle structure. The soot disappears due to combustion with oxygen leaving only the glass spheres on the fibre. Without reaction, the detachment phenomenon was observed at superficial flow velocities above 1.9 m/s and with reaction at 0.5 m/s. This shows that reacting and disappearing components of the particle structure can enhance detachment.