Effect of nanotegnogenic high-alumina raw materials on the physical and mechanical parameters and phase composition of acid-resistant materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
E. S. Abdrakhimova ◽  
V. Z. Abdrakhimov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Chemical Resistance ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
Unenriched Kaolin

The use of nanotechnogenic high-alumina (Al2O3 > 70 %) raw materials of petrochemical production ― the spent IM2201 catalyst in the production of acid-resistant materials based on unenriched kaolin clay makes it possible to obtain products with high physical, mechanical and chemical parameters in the range of firing temperatures of 1250‒1300 o C. Nanotechnogenic raw materials contribute to an increase in surface energy, which is the source of the sintering process. Studies have shown that in compositions based on unenriched kaolin clay and chamotte from it, which do not contain nanotechnogenic high-alumina raw materials, mainly mullite is formed, which mainly forms the operational properties of ceramic products. X-ray diffractometric analysis showed that the introduction of nanotechnogenic high-alumina raw materials into the compositions of ceramic masses contributes to the formation of corundum. IR spectroscopic analysis confirmed the data of X-ray studies. Corundum is characterized by high chemical resistance to acidic and alkaline reagents and gives acid-resistant materials high physical and mechanical properties. Ill. 4. Ref. 33. Tab. 5. 

scholarly journals Research on the Preparation and Properties of High Belite Sulphoaluminate Cement (HBSAC) Based on Various Industrial Solid Wastes

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunlei Su ◽  
Gongbing Yue ◽  
Qiuyi Li ◽  
Yuanxin Guo ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulphoaluminate Cement ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Cement Clinkers

In this study, a variety of industrial solid wastes, including petroleum coke desulfurization slag, fly ash and carbide slag with natural resource bauxite, were used as raw materials to prepare high belite suphoaluminate cement, which contains a certain CaSO4 content without adding natural gypsum to the clinker. The sintering temperature, mineral composition, and the physical and mechanical properties of the cement clinkers were investigated. The techniques adopted included a comprehensive thermal analysis (DSC-TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that it is completely feasible to prepare high belite sulphoaluminate cement with the various industrial solid wastes mentioned above and the utilization rate of the solid wastes is up to 80%. The sintering temperature ranges from 1225 °C to 1350 °C, and the optimal sintering temperature is approximately 1300 °C. The clinkers prepared at 1300 °C set and harden quickly and have a slightly higher water requirement of normal consistency. The mechanical strength is greatly affected by the CaSO4 and 3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4 contents and the most reasonable CaSO4 content is 15%.

Characterization and Properties of Lampang Kaolinite Clay for Standard Clay

2019 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
Soravich Mulinta ◽  
Sakdiphon Thiansem
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Materials Used

The aim of this study was to study and characterize the properties of raw material for standard clay, Lampang province. The raw materials used in the study are from local sources. They are Lampang kaolin clay (WC-1) and Lampang kaolin residual (WC-2). The characterization of raw material was analyzed by particle analyzer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mixing ratio of standard clay as an addition Lampang kaolin clay 50-90% and Lampang kaolin residual 10-50% on physical-mechanical properties of standard clay. The properties of standard clay after firing at temperature at 1200°C were studied. The shrinkage, water absorption and bending strength of standard clay were tested. The results showed that the chemical components of 60%lampang kaolinite clay and 40% Lampang kaolin residual included of large amount of 67.47wt% Silicon oxide and 20.92wt%Aluminum oxide. The physical properties of standard clay had a shrinkage of 11.2%, water absorption of 1.9 % and bending strength of 659 kg/cm2. The standard clay produced fulfilled the requirements of Thai industrial standard (TIS 485-2542).

scholarly journals Methods to Improve the Quality of Ceramic Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 839 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Irina G. Endzhievskaya ◽  
Nina G. Vasilovskaya ◽  
Oksana V. Gofman ◽  
Nadezhda Y. Klindukh ◽  
Vladislav A. Kulik
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Mixture ◽  
High Alumina Content ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Technological Methods

This article presents the results of experimental studies aimed at improving the physicomechanical properties of effective hollow ceramic stones using various technological methods that will disperse, homogenize and structure the ceramic mixture by introducing industrial waste with high alumina content, dispersed reinforcement, and also mechanical activation of the molding material, accompanied by the fragmentation of clay particles to a colloidal degree of dispersion, allows eliminating the aging process. The main molding characteristics of the investigated mixtures were determined, X-ray phase analysis of ceramic masses and a shard of the control composition was performed and after dispersion, activation modes were worked out, strength characteristics of ceramic samples made of dispersed clay raw materials were determined.

Microstructural Analysis of Clay Ceramic Added with Argillite and Grog

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Scarpini Candido ◽  
Regina Maria Pinheiro ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Space ◽  
Ceramic Sintering ◽  
Sintering Conditions

The microstructure of a 1050oC fired clay ceramic added with both argillite and discarded ceramic waste, known as grog, was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The objective was to evaluate not only the developed crystallographic phases but also the ceramic sintering conditions associated with the grog and argillite additions. The XRD results showed the presence of quartz and feldspar existing in the raw materials as well as hematite and mullite transformed at high temperature from the precursor clays. The SEM analysis revealed a consolidated ceramic structure in which the sintering process was effective in reducing the initial space between particles and thus improving the structural compactness.

scholarly journals Addition of sedimentary rock to kaolinitic clays: influence on sintering process

Cerâmica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (349) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Souza ◽  
S. R. Teixeira ◽  
G. T. A. Santos ◽  
E. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
Sintered Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase ◽  
Heating And Cooling

The physical and mechanical properties of clay-based ceramic probes with sedimentary rock added as the non-plastic component were evaluated. Samples were prepared with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 wt.% of rock added to the clay material. Pressed (7 ton) probes were sintered at 500, 800, 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C and submitted to X-ray diffraction analysis and technological characterization. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the sedimentary rock had micaceous clay minerals, while the clay material had kaolinite as the main phases. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction showed reactions that indicated transformation (inversion of quartz), decomposition (loss of hydroxides) and phase formation (mullite) during heat treatment of the samples. The technological tests showed that the addition of sedimentary rock improved some properties of the sintered material, aided by the presence of fluxes. However, the presence of quartz in the rock hampered the formation of the mullite phase. The formation of new phases and transformations occurring during the heating and cooling of the samples helped explain the technological properties of ceramic materials.

scholarly journals Development and Properties of New Mullite Based Refractory Grog

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
David Zemánek ◽  
Karel Lang ◽  
Lukáš Tvrdík ◽  
Dalibor Všianský ◽  
Lenka Nevřivová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Alumina Refractory ◽  
Refractory Aggregate

The presented study is focused on optimization and characterization of a high-alumina refractory aggregate based on natural raw materials—kaolins, claystone, and mullite dust by-product (used to increase the alumina and mullite contents, respectively). In total, four individual formulas with the Al2O3 contents between 45 and 50 wt.% were designed; the samples were subsequently fired, both in a laboratory oven and an industrial tunnel furnace. The effects of repeated firing were examined during industrial pilot tests. Mineral and chemical compositions and microstructures, of both the raw materials and designed aggregates, were thoroughly investigated by the means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and optical and scanning electron microscopies. Porosity, mineral composition, and mullite crystal-size development during the firing process were also studied. Based on the acquired results, the formula with the perspective to be used as a new mullite grog, featuring similar properties as the available commercial products, however, with reduced production expenses, was selected. The quality of grog determines to a large extent the properties of the final product. Hence, optimization of aggregates for specific refractories is of a great importance. The production of engineered aggregates provides the opportunity to utilize industrial by-products.

Study on Manufacture of Short Mullite Fibers by Andalusite Mineral of Mei County China

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 1361-1364
Author(s):  
Zhen Wu Shi ◽  
Nian Suo Xie
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase ◽  
Mullite Fiber ◽  
Mullite Fibers ◽  
Sintered Temperature ◽  
Electronic Microscope

The short mullite fibers were manufactured by andalusite mineral raw materials of Mei County China through isothermal sintering process between 1350°C and 1550°C under the oxidation atmosphere. And then the process which andalusite mineral raw materials of Mei County China had transformed into short mullite fibers was analyzed by X-ray automatic powder diffractometer D/MAX-2400, and the property of morphology of short mullite fibers was observed by scanning electronic microscope QUNATA200. The result manifests that in the range of experimental temperature, andalusite mineral raw materials of Mei County China fully transforms into mullite phase after the specimen is kept warm for 3 hours under sintered temperature 1450°C, and the mullite phases which are transformed at sintered temperature 1450°C mostly present in the form of short fiber while the temperature naturally cools to room temperature with furnace, and this kind of short mullite fiber has the best crystallinity, and the least structural defect and the highest length to diameter ratio.

Methods of Increasing Strength of Aluminosilicate Ceramics Based on Semi-Flint Clay Raw Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Vakalova ◽  
Larisa P. Devyashina ◽  
Anastasia P. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Sintered Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

The paper investigates the peculiarities of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of semi-flint kaolins and their behavior under heating up to 1500 °C. It was found that the sintering process of kaolin clay raw materials depends on the temperature of their preliminary calcining, method of milling after the thermal treatment and application of mineralizing additives. In the case of Borovichy kaolin, preliminary calcining at 850 °C and 980 °C and its subsequent milling increase the material strength after sintering calcining at the temperature of 1400–1450 °C at the expense of uniform sintering and the formation of a homogeneous microstructure of sintered material.

Comparison of Dolomite Clay and Cullet Addition on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Clay Bricks

2018 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Rattaphon Kantajan ◽  
Soravich Mulinta
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks

The purpose of this study was to study and characterize the properties of physical – mechanical for clay bricks. The raw materials used in the study are from local sources. They are Sri Khum red clay, dolomite and cullet. The component ratio of clay brick as an addition Sri Khum red clay 50–90 %, foaming agent (dolomite and cullet) 10–50%. The characterization of raw material was analyzed by particle analyzer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The shrinkage, water absorption and compressive strength of clay brick were tested. The results showed that the properties of clay bricks after firing at temperature at 900°C were studied. The Sri Khum red clay 80% and cullet 20% had a shrinkage of 6.95%, water absorption of 20.4% and compressive strength of 182 kg/cm2. The physical – mechanical of clay brick achieved the requirements of Thai industrial standard (TIS 77-2545).

scholarly journals NONSTANDARD RAW MATERIALS FOR ANORTHITE CERAMICS PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
V. A. Vlasov ◽  
M. A. Semenovykh ◽  
N. K. Skripnikova ◽  
V. V. Shekhovtsov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Ceramic Mixture

The paper analyzes the Russian and foreign research into the use of nonstandard raw materials in the production of constructional anorthite ceramics. The raw materials with different chemical composition are investigated. It is shown that the use of nonstandard raw materials in the ceramic mixture makes it possible to obtain constructional products with 43.1 MPa compressive strength, 2150 kg/m3 density, about 7 % water absorption and frost resistance that meets the requirements of regulatory documents. The physical and mechanical properties are obtained due to the anorthite phase containing in the composition of end ceramic products, which is confirmed by the X-ray phase and microscopic analyses.

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