Transition Metal-free Approach for the Synthesis of 2-substituted Quinazolin-4(3H)-one via Anhydrous Magnesium Perchlorate

Background: A convenient and efficient methodology for the synthesis of quinazolin- 4(3H)-ones from simple and readily available 2-amino benzamides and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol using Magnesium perchlorate are being reported in the present study. Good to excellent isolated yields (68-95%) of the corresponding 2-substituted quinazolinones were obtained under mild reaction conditions with excellent functional group tolerance. The affordability of the catalyst, the wide availability of the starting materials, transition metal free synthesis and the simplicity of the procedure renders the present methodology useful in organic synthesis. Objective: A maneuver methodology developed for the synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones via using Magnesium perchlorate from 2-amino benzamides and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol. Methods: 10% mol anhydrous Magnesium perchlorate in presence of ethanol give to simply rapid formation of Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones from 1 mole of 2-amino benzamides and 1 mole of aromatic aldehydes. Results: Screening results of Anti-leishmanial showed that out of the synthesized series of 12 compounds, compounds 3c, 3d, 3g, 3h and 3i showed significant antileishmanial activities (L. donavani) with IC50 values 8.39, 9.37, 9.43, 7.1 and 8.7 μM. Conclusion: In summary, we have developed convenient synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-one, from simple and easily available precursor employing anhydrous Mg(ClO4)2 under green conditions.

UV Irradiation and Near Infrared Characterization of Laboratory Mars Soil Analog Samples: the case of Phthalic Acid, Adenosine 5’-Monophosphate, L-Glutamic Acid and L-Phenylalanine Adsorbed onto the Clay Mineral Montmorillonite in the Presence of Magnesium Perchlorate

The search for molecular biosignatures at the surface of Mars is complicated by an intense irradiation in the mid- and near- ultraviolet (UV) spectral range for several reasons: (i) many astrobiologically relevant molecules are electronically excited by efficient absorption of UV radiation and rapidly undergo photochemical reactions; (ii) even though the penetration depth of UV radiation is limited, aeolian erosion continually exposes fresh material to radiation; and (iii) UV irradiation generates strong oxidants such as perchlorates that can penetrate deep into soils and cause subsurface oxidative degradation of organics.As a consequence, it is crucial to investigate the effects of UV radiation on organic molecules embedded in mineral matrices mimicking the martian soil, in order to validate hypotheses about the nature of the organic compounds detected so far at the surface of Mars by the Curiosity rover, as well as organics that will be possibly found by the next rover missions Mars 2020 and ExoMars 2020. In addition, studying the alteration of possible molecular biosignatures in the martian environment will help to redefine the molecular targets for life detection missions and devise suitable detection methods.Here we report the results of mid-UV irradiation experiments of Mars soil analog samples obtained adsorbing relevant organic molecules on a clay mineral that is quite common on Mars, i.e. montmorillonite, doped with 1 wt% of magnesium perchlorate. Specifically, we chose to investigate the photostability of a plausible precursor of the chlorohydrocarbons detected on Mars by the Curiosity rover, namely phthalic acid, along with the biomarkers of extant life L-phenylalanine and L-glutamic acid, which are proteomic amino acids, and adenosine 5’-monophosphate, which is a nucleic acid component.We monitored the degradation of these molecules adsorbed on montmorillonite through in situ spectroscopic analysis, investigating the reflectance properties of the samples in the Near InfraRed (NIR) spectral region. Such spectroscopic characterization of molecular alteration products provides support for two upcoming robotic missions to Mars that will employ NIR spectroscopy to look for molecular biosignatures, through the instruments SuperCam on board Mars 2020, ISEM, Ma_Miss and MicrOmega on board ExoMars 2020.

Stereoselective synthesis of amino-substituted cyclopentafullerenes promoted by magnesium perchlorate/ferric perchlorate

A reaction of [60]fullerene with cinnamaldehydes and amines promoted by magnesium perchlorate/ferric perchlorate stereoselectively afforded a series of novel amino-substituted cyclopentafullerenes.

Facile access to amino-substituted cyclopentafullerenes: novel reaction of [60]fullerene with β-substituted propionaldehydes and secondary amines in the absence/presence of magnesium perchlorate

Reaction of [60]fullerene with β-substituted propionaldehydes and secondary amines in the absence/presence of magnesium perchlorate afforded a series of novel amino-substituted cyclopentafullerenes without/with two additional carbons.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) resists the compression of water structure by magnesium perchlorate: terrestrial kosmotrope vs. Martian chaotrope

Neutron diffraction and computational modelling provide insight into water structure.