assimilative capacity analysis and total maximum daily load strategy for smart water management

<p>Due to steep terrain, uneven rainfall, and high-speed streams, Taiwan's water environmental vulnerability is relatively high. Under the impact of climate change and environmental variation, Taiwan faces more and more challenges in water environmental management. Although environmental development can bring economic benefit, it can also impact the environment. Therefore, it is important to consider environmental assimilative capacity for maintaining a balance condition between environmental development and environmental protection. This study assesses the environmental assimilative capacity of several water systems in Taiwan. The total maximum daily load (TMDL) strategy considers water quality management from effluent-based control to ambient-based management to protect waterbodies based on their assimilative capacity. It is determined by a target water quality concentration and the assimilative capacity of the receiving waterbody. The concept of TMDL is similar in flood management and control. The purpose of this study is to discuss the total maximum environmental assimilative capacity of these water systems and to propose smart water management strategies for decreasing the water environmental risk and impact. Highly flexible and intelligent water management is essential for sustainable environmental development.</p>

Total maximum daily loads of beton reservoir, Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia during the rainy season

A total maximum daily load (TMDL) is an integrated mechanism to maintain water body to meet the water quality standards of its designated uses. This research was intended to determine the TMDL of Beton Reservoir, a structure built to regulate the water discharge of Beton karst spring in Gunungkidul, Indonesia, especially during the rainy season. The TMDL calculation referred to the Regulation of the Minister of State for Environment No. 28 of 2009 on TMDLs of Lakes and/or Reservoirs that required a calculation of morphological and hydrological characteristics, and water quality to meet Class II standard issued in the Regulation of the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 20 of 2008. The results showed that Beton Reservoir had a total volume of 22 586.83 m3, a surface area of 18 673.12 m2, and a depth of averagely 1.21 m and released water at a rate of 0.48 m3 s–1. From the perspective of quality, the TSS and DO of its water had exceeded the standards, whereas the other parameters: temperature, TDS, pH, BOD, COD, total PO4, and NO3 were within their allowable presence in the water. Based on TMDLs for TSS, DO, BOD, COD, total PO4, and NO3, the Beton Reservoir can no longer accommodate TSS and NO3 while continuing to meet the standards for these pollutants. High levels of TSS and NO3 are attributable to the agricultural activities taking place on the catchment and the flow concentration typical of karst regions.

Total Maximum Daily Load of the Curug Sub-district Segment of The Cirarab River, Indonesia

Although The Cirarab River has a highly polluted status, it is used as a source for clean and drinking water for people in Tangerang City. Pollution occurs due to poor river quality management. This study examines the Total Maximum Daily Load/TMDL of The Cirarab River at The Curug Subdistrict Segment using QUAL2Kw with two modelling scenarios. The first scenario was used to obtain the existing load, and the second scenario was used to determine TMDL. The existing loads results obtained were 12,032.26 kgBOD/day and 48,946.69 kgCOD/day. The TMDL results obtained were 2,234.30 kgBOD/day and 18,619.20 kgCOD/day. The existing loads entering each subsegment have exceeded TMDL that they need to be reduced. TMDL calculation is useful as a basis for an effective river management strategy.