Who All Are Labours and Why Are They So Powerless?

In this article, we discuss the most anonymous section of the Indian society—Dalit labours. In addition, we deal with the most important question whether the informal labouring sector consists of a majority of Dalits or not? While sticking to the basic definition of ‘Dalit’ from ‘untouchable to Dalit’ by Eleanor Zelliot in which she defined from the consciousness developed into the minds of marginalized people for their rights, we ask whether Dalits really have sovereignty of their own thoughts? Or, they are the passive victims of the society. While dealing with the same question, we highlight the sub-caste stratification within the Dalits, and within the sub-castes, there is a hierarchy of class and urge to be strong in the Brahmanical idea of superiority. We have taken three scenarios for this—Dalit indentured migration, Dalit partition refugee and Dalit labour migration during the tumultuous times of the COVID-19.

Theories of Prophecy in Jeremiah

In turning prophecy into a form of literature, the authors of ancient Israelite prophetic books repeatedly addressed the nature of prophecy itself. This preoccupation suggests that the phenomenon of prophecy was by no means a simple and known concept to the authors of this literature, but rather one in need of discursive construction. The authors of Jeremiah explored theories of prophecy from a variety of perspectives. While all the Jeremiah traditions assume a basic definition of prophecy as the mediation of a divine message through an intermediary, they also move beyond this conception in a number of ways. Though prophetic literature ostensibly presents disembodied prophecy, the authors of Jeremiah frequently direct their attention to the essentially embodied nature of prophecy. The prophet’s bodily experience, for these authors, cannot be separated from his capacity to transmit the divine message. Other parts of the Jeremiah tradition negotiate a history of prophecy in relation to Moses and Deuteronomy. For these texts, prophecy has to be understood as an unfolding history that begins but does not end with Deuteronomy. Finally, a distinct thread of tradition imagines Jeremiah’s words as carrying an almost magical efficacy. Rather than merely transmitting a message, Jeremiah’s speech has the effect of bringing about the divine judgment on Judah. In each case, the ancient authors navigate the innovative contours of prophetic literature by actively exploring the potencies of prophecy.

Quasi-Crystal, Not Quasi-Scientist

Materials science investigates the structure and properties of different materials. One of these materials is the crystal. Crystals are solid materials with building blocks (atoms, ions, or molecules) that are arranged in a highly organized manner. Salt, quartz, and diamonds are examples of crystals. In ordinary crystals, these building blocks are organized in a repeating pattern in all directions. In contrast, in special crystals called quasi-crystals, the building blocks are organized in a non-repeating manner. The discovery of quasi-crystals created a revolution in the science of crystallography and changed our most basic definition of a crystal. Since their discovery, many hundreds of quasi-crystals have been found. Some of these quasi-crystals have unique physical properties and are useful for a variety of different applications.

Transition and Translation of Free Indirect Discourse in Chinese Literature

Free indirect discourse (FID) is a discourse presentation pattern of third-person narration, and it is often employed as a common narrative strategy to present characters’ consciousness in literary works. Given its ambiguous link with both the narrator’s and character’s discourse, we may feel confused about how to distinguish FID from other discourse when reading a text. After introducing the basic definition of this notion, this paper will interpret several signals which can help to distinguish FID passages in the text. Most importantly, this paper will look at how FID passages in Western literary works were translated into Chinese in early works, and then explore the development of FID in early Chinese fiction, investigating the transition of FID in Chinese.

The Physical Optimum as an Ideal Reference Value for Balancing Thermodynamic Processes Integrating the Exergetic Evaluation by the Example of Heat Supply

This paper contains the basic definition and application of the physical optimum as a method for process evaluation and optimization. By means of the exemplary balance of a wood pellet-fired boiler, the conventional efficiency is compared to the PhO. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the possibility of applying the thermodynamic state variable exergy as a physical reference property of a system within the PhO method. To explain the approach, the heat generation in the wood pellet-fired boiler is compared to the supply from a heat pump, which itself is connected to a power plant. Furthermore, the process-independent PhO is explained in order to illustrate the limitations of feasible optimization. Additionally, possible research topics such as the integration of dynamic behavior in the method are approached. As a conclusion, the differences between the methods outline the advantage of the PhO in the optimization process.

Feldfrüchte und Strom von Agrarflächen: Was ist Agri-Photovoltaik und was kann sie leisten?

Agri-Photovoltaik bedeutet, dass Agrarflächen doppelt genutzt werden: zum Anbau von Feldfrüchten und zur Produktion von Strom. Aufgrund dieser ,,Doppelernte“ verliert die Landwirtschaft keine Anbauflächen ‐ anders als bei Photovoltaik-Freiflächenanlagen, die überwiegend der Stromerzeugung dienen. Damit Subventionen jenen Nutzungen zugute kommen, die der Umwelt und der Nahrungsmittelproduktion gleichermaßen dienen, ist es wichtig, Agri-Photovoltaik von Freiflächenanlagen abzugrenzen und verschiedene Varianten der Agri-Photovoltaik zu unterscheiden.“Agrivoltaics” denotes approaches to use agricultural areas simultaneously to produce food and to generate photovoltaic (PV) electricity. Social impact analysis shows that for a successful agrivoltaics dissemination, clear standards must be set for the agricultural activity on agrivoltaics sites, so that no subsidy abuse and pseudo-farming occur. Until today there is no internationally recognized definition of agrivoltaics, but since more governments are willing to include the technology in their policies, this article derives a generally valid agrivoltaics definition and puts it up for debate. In the first step, differentiation criteria of agrivoltaics from other PV applications were developed. In the second step, the derived properties were scrutinised with reference to the political reasons for agrivoltaics diffusion in Germany, and compared to Germany’s goals in terms of energy and environmental policy. Finally, a basic definition is derived that must meet certain mandatory requirements. This generally applicable definition of agrivoltaics can be supplemented in the national context by optional requirements to steer diffusion more purposefully. The results contribute to the debate on the definition of agrivoltaics in Germany and can also enrich the discourse in other governments and parliaments on agrivoltaics market introduction.

Moving Objects: The Case of Volvo

In ‘Moving Objects: The Case of Volvo’, the concept of mobility is investigated on several levels – the movement of the cars, the movement of people, and the movement of the camera – and how this concept is launched within the ads along with ‘Scandinavian’ values. The commercials also point back to the basic definition of cinema qua moving images, aiming in turn at moving the audience.

An Introduction to Proportionality

The first chapter of the book presents the basic definition of the principle of proportionality in International Humanitarian Law (IHL) as well as the reason this book was written—the major problems that currently exist regarding the understanding and application of proportionality. The chapter also explains how proportionality relates to the other primary principles of IHL, especially the principle of distinction and the principle of military necessity. The chapter further presents the basic legal texts in which the principle of proportionality appears. Finally, the chapter details the structure of the book and the different legal issues that will be discussed in this work.

What is punitive populism? A typology based in media communication

Punitive populism refers to political leaders’ use of tough-on-crime rhetoric and policies to win elections and popular support. Yet, this basic definition does not capture the range of ways the practice manifests itself. Refining the concept, this article identifies three key types of punitive populism: authoritarian, conflicted, and accountable. The typology highlights the intersecting importance of media systems and political ideology to the definition of each type. Reflecting on over fifteen years of research on the topic, the article is centred on concept development, with illustrative examples from Argentina and Chile.