Who All Are Labours and Why Are They So Powerless?

2021 ◽  
pp. 2455328X2110427
Author(s):  
Pushkar Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Labour Migration ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Definition Of

In this article, we discuss the most anonymous section of the Indian society—Dalit labours. In addition, we deal with the most important question whether the informal labouring sector consists of a majority of Dalits or not? While sticking to the basic definition of ‘Dalit’ from ‘untouchable to Dalit’ by Eleanor Zelliot in which she defined from the consciousness developed into the minds of marginalized people for their rights, we ask whether Dalits really have sovereignty of their own thoughts? Or, they are the passive victims of the society. While dealing with the same question, we highlight the sub-caste stratification within the Dalits, and within the sub-castes, there is a hierarchy of class and urge to be strong in the Brahmanical idea of superiority. We have taken three scenarios for this—Dalit indentured migration, Dalit partition refugee and Dalit labour migration during the tumultuous times of the COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Use of Terms and Definitions in the Study of Be Stars (Review Paper)

1987 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
George W. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Incorrect Usage

AbstractIn this paper I shall examine the use and misuse of some astronomical terminology as it is commonly found in the literature. The incorrect usage of common terms, and sometimes the terms themselves, can lead to confusion by the reader and may well indicate misconceptions by the authors. A basic definition of the Be phenomena is suggested and other stellar characteristics whose interpretation may change when used for non-spherical stars, is discussed. Special attention is paid to a number of terms whose semantic nature is misleading when applied to the phenomena they are intended to represent. The use of model-dependent terms is discussed and some comments are offered which are intended to improve the clarity of communication within the subject.

scholarly journals Ignition systems of combustion piston engine and possibility of its optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Vorlíček ◽  
◽  
Jozef Čerňan
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
System Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Engine Power

This paper explains the basic definition of ignition, combustion and description of the ignition system functionality. The ignition systems are divided according to established criteriums into the most used types and descriptions of each ignition system components. It focuses on ignition timing and circumstances that affect it and how they influence the observed parameters. I am using ignition timing as an instrument for the observation and optimization of ignition. These practices are tested on piston engine in the practical part of this paper. It describes the modification of the timing curve, measuring of engine power and comparison between each curve. It is an analysis of engine performance under different conditions. The most efficient timing curve is chosen and further evaluated. The used engine for this paper was a rebuild from a car engine used in Trabant 601, VEB Automobilwerke automobile.

Feature Extraction

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
High Dimensional Space ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter is an illustration of feature extraction for working with large datasets. The basic definition of feature extraction, selection of effective features, and the existing problems and solutions are provided. How feature extraction maps the high dimensional space to smaller space is explained.

Verbal humor

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-198
Author(s):  
Salvatore Attardo
Keyword(s):  
Basic Definition ◽  
Folk Theory ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Phonetic Distance ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter deals with puns. The classification of puns is discussed and a basic definition of pun is provided: a text in which a sequence of sounds must be interpreted with a formal reference to a second sequence of sounds and two incongruous meanings are triggered by this process. Puns may come from ambiguity, or paronymy (puns that are similar in sound). The phonetic distance is the measure of how far two paronyms may differ and still be considered puns. The position of the connector (the ambiguous or paronymic element) and the disjunctor (the element in the text that triggers the recognition of the pun) are discussed. A Cratylistic motivated folk-theory of language is shown to underlie puns in the minds of speakers. Finally, a discussion of the psycholinguistics of puns completes the chapter.

How Many Classes Are There?

Uneven Odds ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 96-120
Author(s):  
Divya Vaid
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Intergenerational Change ◽  
Definition Of

To examine the elements of social mobility, especially the intergenerational change in social position, requires the establishment of an appropriate schema that captures social class position across generations. This chapter summarizes the major debates surrounding the definition of social class, with a specific focus on class in the Indian context. So far there is little consistent effort to map the possible classes in Indian society. This chapter discusses the conceptualisation of class and its operationalisation in terms of a class schema. The focus is on a possible ‘objective’ measure of class in the Indian context.

Other Views of the Cathedral

Deference ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 113-158
Author(s):  
Gary Lawson ◽  
Guy I. Seidman
Keyword(s):  
Federal Courts ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Ideal Structure ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Legal Actor ◽  
Definition Of

Many other authors have attempted to define deference, though none of those definitions were grounded in a full description of the practices of US federal courts. Many of those other efforts were overtly normative, aimed at deriving an ideal structure for deference that can be used to criticize actual practices. Nonetheless, some of those efforts offer valuable insights even for a purely descriptive project. We reject efforts to limit the definition of deference only to instances in which the deferring body changes its decision in some way; mere consideration of another’s decision is sufficient to constitute deference. From Paul Horwitz we take the idea that deferees must be attentive to their role in a system of deference, and from Aileen Kavanaugh we take the idea that deference can sometimes be justified on prudential, or strategic, grounds. But consideration of others’ views does not change our basic definition of deference as: “The giving by a legal actor of some measure of consideration or weight to the decision of another actor in exercising the deferring actor’s function.”

A Basic Definition of E-Collaboration and its Underlying Concepts

2011 ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned Kock
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Broad Definition ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Electronic Collaboration ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Common Task ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Electronic Technologies

Electronic collaboration (e-collaboration) is operationally defined here as collaboration using electronic technologies among different individuals to accomplish a common task (Kock & D’Arcy, 2002; Kock, Davidson, Ocker, & Wazlawick, 2001). This is a broad definition that encompasses not only computer-mediated collaborative work but also collaborative work that is supported by other types of technologies that do not fit most people’s definition of a “computer.” One example of such technologies is the telephone, which is not, strictly speaking, a computer—even though some of today’s telephone devices probably have more processing power than some of the first computers back in the 1940s. Another example of technology that may enable e-collaboration is the teleconferencing suite, whose main components are cameras, televisions, and telecommunications devices.

scholarly journals OpinionML—Opinion Markup Language for Sentiment Representation

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Attik ◽  
Malik Missen ◽  
Mickaël Coustaty ◽  
Gyu Choi ◽  
Fahd Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Annotation ◽  
Social Web ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Markup Languages ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
Temporal Expressions ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Definition Of

It is the age of the social web, where people express themselves by giving their opinions about various issues, from their personal life to the world’s political issues. This process generates a lot of opinion data on the web that can be processed for valuable information, and therefore, semantic annotation of opinions becomes an important task. Unfortunately, existing opinion annotation schemes have failed to satisfy annotation challenges and cannot even adhere to the basic definition of opinion. Opinion holders, topical features and temporal expressions are major components of an opinion that remain ignored in existing annotation schemes. In this work, we propose OpinionML, a new Markup Language, that aims to compensate for the issues that existing typical opinion markup languages fail to resolve. We present a detailed discussion about existing annotation schemes and their associated problems. We argue that OpinionML is more robust, flexible and easier for annotating opinion data. Its modular approach while implementing a logical model provides us with a flexible and easier model of annotation. OpinionML can be considered a step towards “information symmetry”. It is an effort for consistent sentiment annotations across the research community. We perform experiments to prove robustness of the proposed OpinionML and the results demonstrate its capability of retrieving significant components of opinion segments. We also propose OpinionML ontology in an effort to make OpinionML more inter-operable. The ontology proposed is more complete than existing opinion ontologies like Marl and Onyx. A comprehensive comparison of the proposed ontology with existing sentiment ontologies Marl and Onyx proves its worth.

scholarly journals Studying Human Habits in Societal Context: Examining Support for a Basic Stimulus–Response Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Marien ◽  
Ruud Custers ◽  
Henk Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Societal Context ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basic Stimulus ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Independent Behavior

Human habits are considered to be an important root of societal problems. The significance of habits has been demonstrated for a variety of behaviors in different domains, such as work, transportation, health, and ecology, suggesting that habits have a pervasive impact on human life. Studying and changing habits in societal context requires a broad view of behavior, which poses a challenge for applying basic models to complex human habits. We address the conceptualization and operationalization of habits in the current literature and note that claims about the role of habits in societal context rarely agree with the basic definition of habits as goal-independent behavior. We consider future directions that are important for making progress in the study of habit change in societal context.

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