Matrix Refinement in Mass Transport Across Fracture-Matrix Interface: Application to Improved Oil Recovery in Fractured Reservoirs

In this paper, we will show that it is highly beneficial to model dual-porosity reservoirs using matrix refinement (similar to the multiple interacting continua, MINC, of Preuss, 1985) for water displacing oil. Two practical situations are considered. The first is the effect of matrix refinement on the unsteady-state pressure solution, and the second situation is modeling water-oil, Buckley-Leverett (BL) displacement in waterflooding a fracture-dominated flow domain. The usefulness of matrix refinement will be illustrated using a three-node refinement of individual matrix blocks. Furthermore, this model was modified to account for matrix block size variability within each grid cell (in other words, statistical distribution of matrix size within each grid cell) using a discrete matrix-block-size distribution function. The paper will include two mathematical models, one unsteady-state pressure solution of the pressure diffusivity equation for use in rate transient analysis, and a second model, the Buckley-Leverett model to track saturation changes both in the reservoir fractures and within individual matrix blocks. To illustrate the effect of matrix heterogeneity on modeling results, we used three matrix bock sizes within each computation grid and one level of grid refinement for the individual matrix blocks. A critical issue in dual-porosity modeling is that much of the fluid interactions occur at the fracture-matrix interface. Therefore, refining the matrix block helps capture a more accurate transport of the fluid in-and-out of the matrix blocks. Our numerical results indicate that the none-refined matrix models provide only a poor approximation to saturation distribution within individual matrices. In other words, the saturation distribution is numerically dispersed; that is, no matrix refinement causes unwarranted large numerical dispersion in saturation distribution. Furthermore, matrix block size-distribution is more representative of fractured reservoirs.

NEOFEUDALISM: THE MAIN PROBLEM ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

An original approach to the analysis of problems development of modern Ukraine is offered. Possible ways to solve them for the country's transition from a state of transition to sustainable development are being clarified. The authors see the reasons for the instability of the current situation in Ukraine in the fact that its development is characterized by signs of neo-feudalism. Namely: the revival of feudal traditions of management, the dominance of socio-economic traditions of feudal societies. A typical feature of neo-feudalism in Ukraine is the localization of the population through the procedure of registration. This ensures the person's attachment to the place of residence, pressure, and hence control over it. In addition, the uncertainty of land ownership and the forced-militaristic system of state security are characteristic of modern Ukraine. These factors are a means of state pressure and coercion on the population of Ukraine, which are contrary to the principles of liberalism. Overcoming such outdated inhibitory factors, according to the authors, should have a positive impact on the further development of Ukraine, stabilization of its development and optimization of civil society institutions

Sonic Drilling with Use of a Cavitation Hydraulic Vibrator

Sonic drilling is a soil penetration technique that strongly reduces friction on the drill string and drill bit due to liquefaction, inertia effects and a temporary reduction of porosity of the soil. Modern studies to assess the effect of the vibration frequency of the drill bit on the rock fragmentation in experimental and theoretical works on drilling various rocks by the sonic method have shown that vibration frequencies of ~ 1.4 kHz are the most beneficial for ensuring the maximum drilling speed in hard rocks. The above frequencies of excitation of vibrations of the drill bit can be achieved by using a cavitation hydrovibrator. The cavitation hydrovibrator is the Venturi tube of special geometry that converts a stationary fluid (flushing mud) flow into an oscillatory stalling cavitation flow and hydrovibrator structure longitudinal vibrations. The drill bit vibration accelerations are realized in such a drill string, leading to the destruction of rock. Efficient removal of rock particles from the bottomhole is achieved due to high-frequency shock self-oscillations of mud pressure exceeding the steady-state pressure at the generator inlet. The cavitation hydraulic vibrator lacks the main disadvantages of submersible hydraulic hammers.

A Nonsmooth Quasistatic Modeling Approach for Hydraulic Actuators

This paper presents an analytical approach for modeling the quasistatic characteristics of hydraulic actuators driven by four-valve independent metering circuits. The presented model is described as a nonsmooth, set-valued function from the velocity to the set of forces with which the equilibrium is achieved at the velocity. It is derived from algebraic relations among the velocity of the actuator, the steady-state force generated by the actuator, and the flowrate and the steady-state pressure at all valves in the circuit. This approach is also applied to more involving circuits including a regeneration pipeline and those with multiple actuators. The contribution of the paper can be seen as an example case study of the fact that these complicated circuit structures are analytically tractable through an extension of the conventional hydraulic-electric analogy. The obtained analytical expressions of the steady-state velocity-force relations allow for concise visualization of the actuators' characteristics.

Independent Media Under Pressure: Evidence from Russia

Existing literature recognizes growing threats to press freedom around the world and documents changes in the tools used to stifle independent press. However, few studies investigate how independent media respond to state pressure. Do independent outlets comply, orienting coverage to favor regime interests? Or does repression encourage more negative coverage of the regime instead? To shed light on these questions, we investigate how the abrupt removal of independent outlet TV Rain from Russian television providers influenced its coverage. We find that shortly after TV Rain was dropped by providers, the tone of its political coverage became more positive and its similarity with state-controlled television increased. However, these effects were short-lived. Additional evidence suggests that subscription revenue contributed to the station's resilience. These findings, from the first causal test of how attacks influence independent media coverage in a nondemocracy, add to our understanding of media manipulation and authoritarian endurance.

Independent Media Under Pressure: Evidence from Russia

Existing literature recognizes growing threats to press freedom around the world and documents changes in the tools used to stifle independent press. However, few studies investigate how independent media respond to state pressure. Do independent outlets comply, orienting coverage to favor regime interests? Or does repression encourage more negative coverage of the regime instead? To shed light on these questions, we investigate how the abrupt removal of independent outlet TV Rain from Russian television providers influenced its coverage. We find that shortly after TV Rain was dropped by providers, the tone of its political coverage became more positive and its similarity with state-controlled television increased. However, these effects were short-lived. Additional evidence suggests that subscription revenue contributed to the station's resilience. These findings, from the first causal test of how attacks influence independent media coverage in a nondemocracy, add to our understanding of media manipulation and authoritarian endurance.

Independent Media Under Pressure: Evidence from Russia

Existing literature recognizes growing threats to press freedom around the world and documents changes in the tools used to stifle independent press. However, few studies investigate how independent media respond to state pressure. Do independent outlets comply, orienting coverage to favor regime interests? Or does repression encourage more negative coverage of the regime instead? To shed light on these questions, we investigate how the abrupt removal of independent outlet TV Rain from Russian television providers influenced its coverage. We find that shortly after TV Rain was dropped by providers, the tone of its political coverage became more positive and its similarity with state-controlled television increased. However, these effects were short-lived. Additional evidence suggests that subscription revenue contributed to the station's resilience. These findings, from the first causal test of how attacks influence independent media coverage in a nondemocracy, add to our understanding of media manipulation and authoritarian endurance.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF THE EAEU MEMBER COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHANGES IN THE WORLD ECONOMY

The article contains a phenomenological analysis of the institute of harmonization of the industrial policies of EAUE member countries. This institute implies voluntary interstate coordination of partnership between EAEU member countries in the sphere of industrial policies, which aims to full using of the advantages of international division and cooperation of labor in order to reduce uncertainty in the system of international interaction. Also, such institute can be considered as a mechanism for a combination of the interests of economic entities from different countries related to industrial production. It is an alternative to the interstate competition for better business conditions for their economic entities. The harmonization of the industrial policies of EAUE member countries shouldn’t consider as an instrument of state pressure on each other. On the contrary, this harmonization should become a way of the industrial cooperation of economic entities.