Detection of Martian dust storms using mask regional convolutional neural networks

Martian dust plays a crucial role in the meteorology and climate of the Martian atmosphere. It heats the atmosphere, enhances the atmospheric general circulation, and affects spacecraft instruments and operations. Compliant with that, studying dust is also essential for future human exploration. In this work, we present a method for the deep-learning-based detection of the areal extent of dust storms in Mars satellite imagery. We use a mask regional convolutional neural network, consisting of a regional-proposal network and a mask network. We apply the detection method to Mars daily global maps of the Mars global surveyor, Mars orbiter camera. We use center coordinates of dust storms from the eight-year Mars dust activity database as ground-truth to train and validate the method. The performance of the regional network is evaluated by the average precision score with $$50\%$$ 50 % overlap ($$mAP_{50}$$ m A P 50 ), which is around $$62.1\%$$ 62.1 % .

SEISMICITY of the AMUR and PRIMORYE, SAKHALIN, and the KURIL-OKHOTSK REGION in 2015

A review of the Amur and Primorye, Sakhalin, and the Kuril-Okhotsk region seismicity for 2015 is presented on the basis of data from the regional network of stationary seismic stations of the Sakhalin branch of the Geophysical Survey RAS with the involvement of data from adjacent seismological Russian and foreign agencies, as well as ten stations of the local network operating in the south Sakhalin. Parameters of 1643 seismic events have been determined, 126 of them are explosions. Focal mechanisms were calculated for 62 earthquakes. 48 earthquakes have shown a macroseismic effect. A map of the epicenters is presented, the distribution of the number N of crustal and deep-focus earthquakes by a magnitude, a total seismic energy ∑E for seismically active regions of three regions are given, in comparison with the average parameters N and ∑E for 20012014. For each region, an analysis of the parameters of the seismic regime in 2015 is given in comparison with long-term averages, the maximum and significant seismic events are described. The seismicity of the Priamurye and Primorye, Sakhalin, and the Kuril-Okhotsk region in 2015 can be characterized as a moderate one.

Social Transformations and Resilience

The amazing goblet known as the ‘Tassilo Liutpirc Chalice’ is one of the most significant archaeological objects from the eighth century AD. Surprisingly, the animal figures that adorn it have close parallels with the creatures of the Germanic Animal styles from the fifth century onwards. This paper explores the deeply-rooted traditions behind this, and the social, cultural and political mechanisms that sustained its continuity, transcending the boundaries of epochs and religions. It is argued that a supra-regional network of workshops was the driving force in the development of this sophisticated imagery.

L’Osservatorio regionale del Veneto e la Rete degli Osservatori locali

The Regional Landscape Observatory of the Veneto Region, formally established by the regional law n. 10 of 2011, initially involved local entities in the elaboration of experimental landscape plans. In 2012, endowed with a special organisational discipline, the Observatory set out tasks and activities to promote the protection, management and requalification of regional landscapes. In February 2013, the Regional Network of Landscape Observatories was established. In the years 2014-19, the Observatory focused its activities on training, participation and awareness-raising, in line with the aims of the European Landscape Convention, by providing training courses on landscape for technical experts and refresher workshops for professionals in collaboration with a number of universities of the Veneto region.

Rationale and design of reGional network for Acute Myocardial Infarction (GAMI): protocol for a Prospective Cluster-randomized Intervention study of STEMI management

BackgroundTimely revascularization is essential for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients to reduced mortality rate. However, it's seldom achieved due to patient and medical system-level barriers in China, especially in the rural area. It's needed to establish a regionally coordinated network to promote the early revascularization rate for STEMI patients.MethodsRegional network for Acute Myocardial Infarction (GAMI) is a multi-center, prospective, intervention study with regional intervention. It was carried out in 8 centers by 1:1 cluster randomization in south China with diverse economic and medical levels since 2016. The regional intervention were carried out in the intervention centers, which consisted of intensive public education and regional network construction for STEMI treatment, including community and online propaganda to raised patients' awareness of the treatment for STEMI and establishment of regional clinic-EMS-PCI transfer network for timely primary revascularization. Consecutive acute STEMI patients were enrolled for assessment of regional intervention according to the key performance indicators. The primary study endpoint was reperfusion rate, and secondary endpoints included change of pre-hospital delay, changes of in-hospital delay time and in-hospital outcomes. All patients were followed up for more than 1 year.DiscussionThe GAMI study is a prospective cluster-randomized intervention study, which would provide helpful evaluation of the effectiveness of enhanced public education and regional network construction on regional STEMI treatmentTrial registration: Clinical Trials, NCT03928119. Registered , 25 April, 2019， https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03928119?id=NCT03928119&draw=2&rank=1

Climate change adaptation networks for small and medium-sized cities

Cities are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Many larger cities have identified the potential impacts of different climate change adaptation scenarios. However, their smaller and medium-sized counterparts are often not able to address climate risks effectively due to a lack of necessary resources. Since a large number of cities worldwide are indeed small and medium-sized, this lack of preparedness represents a crucial weakness in global response systems. A promising approach to tackling this issue is to establish regional municipal networks. Yet, how might a regional network for small and medium-sized cities be systematically designed and further developed? Focussing on the German federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, we have explored this question by applying a participatory action research approach. As part of our research, we established a regional network framework for small and medium-sized cities. The framework supports small and medium-sized cities in identifying key regional actors, while taking local and regional contextual factors into account. Based on our findings, we suggest that other small and medium sized cities follow these steps: develop the knowledge base; build the network; and transfer and consolidate knowledge.